University of Amsterdam and University College London

causality philosophy of science evidence mechanisms techno-science health philosophy causal mosaic public health ai environment biomarkers regularity philosophy of technology causal model human-ai systems qca time artificial intelligence psychopathology network modelling network models methodological pluralism socio-markers social sciences empirical methods epistemic values epidemiology disease information transmission teaching molecular epidemiology disease causation social science big data objectivity evidential pluralism variation causal modelling invariance peer review publishing ebm+ causal pluralism philosophy of medicine exposomics technology science probability models multilevel