EIA of Engro Powergen Limited 450 MW RLNG CCPP at PQA, Karachi Sep 29, 2015 by Hagler Bailly Pakistan

Hagler Bailly Pakistan
Engro Powergen Limited 450 MW RLNG
CCPP Port Qasim Authority, Karachi
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Final Report
HBP Ref.: R5A05ENP
September 29, 2015
Engro Powergen (Pvt.) Limited
Karachi

EIA of Engro Powergen Limited 450 MW RLNG CCPP
Port Qasim Authority, Karachi
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary
R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 ii
Executive Summary
Engro Powergen Limited (EPL) is planning to develop a 450 megawatt (MW) re-gasified
liquefied natural gas (RLNG) combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) (the “Project”) at Port
Qasim, Karachi. EPL has initiated an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study to
assess the likely environmental and socioeconomic impacts that may result from Project
activities and to mitigate any potential negative impacts. The EIA process and the report
will meet national regulations, the regulatory requirements of the Government of Sindh
(GoS), and the relevant International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidelines.
EPL has acquired the services of Hagler Bailly Pakistan Pvt. Ltd. (HBP) to carry out the
EIA study for the proposed Project.
Project Setting
The Project will utilize 37 acres (15 hectares or 150,000 m2
) of land in an empty plot
owned by EPL in the Port Qasim Authority (PQA) Industrial Estate (the “Project-site”).
PQA is located, approximately, 45 kilometers (km) southeast of the city of Karachi
(Exhibit 1). The geographical coordinates of the proposed Project-site are 67° 22'
41.185" E, 24° 47' 28.324" N.
Engro Zarkhez (EZ) and Engro Polymer and Chemicals Limited (EPCL) are located to
the west and immediately adjacent to the Project-site. Lotte Chemicals Pakistan (LCP) is
located, approximately, 500 m to the east.
A custody transfer station (CTS), built by Engro Elengy Terminal Ltd (EETL), will be
located outside the southwest corner of the EPCL facility. The CTS is the point where
incoming flow of natural gas from EETL to the Project-site will be metered. Natural gas
will be transported from the CTS to the Project-site via an underground pipeline which
will traverse along either outside the southern boundary wall of the existing EPCL and
EZ complex or outside the western and northern boundary wall of the same complex.
The power plant will include gas turbines based on a combined-cycle configuration with
heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) and steam turbines. Total water requirements
for the Project will be 1201 m3
/hr which will include requirements for feed water make-
up and for potable, service and sanitary purposes.
The creek is located on the northwestern edge of the Indus delta system which is
characterized by long and narrow creeks, mud flats and the mangroves forest ecosystems.
In either case, an outfall channel will be constructed which will also extend from the
southern edge of the Project-site to the Gharo Creek. For more details on Project setting
and location, a Project location and setting map is provided as Exhibit I.

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Exhibit I: Project Location and Setting

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Project Outline
The Project development encompasses a 450 MW RLNG-based CCPP with dual fuel gas
turbines. Produced electric power by the plant will be transmitted to the national grid via
a power evacuation point located within the Project-site.
RLNG will be used as the main firing fuel for the CCPP which will be supplied by EETL
prior to the CTS. The daily requirement of RLNG is estimated to be 60 million standard
cubic feet per day (MMSCFD). High Speed Diesel (HSD) will be stored on-site and used
as a backup fuel.
heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) and steam turbines. Total water requirements
for the Project will be 1,071 m3
/hr which will include requirements for feed water make-
up and for potable, service and sanitary purposes.
Cooling water will be obtained by extracting sea water from the creek located south of
the Project-site. A water intake channel will be built between the plant and Gharo Creek
traversing through empty industrial plots south of the Project-site. Sea water will be
treated using a reverse-osmosis (RO) water filter plant.
Effluent streams, made up of discharge from the cooling-water process and the RO
treatment plant, will be discharged through an effluent channel into the Badal Nullah,
west of the Project-site. From here, the effluent will eventually flow into the Gharo
Creek. All effluent discharged into the creek will be compliant with both the Sindh
Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS) and IFC standards for industrial effluents
discharged into the sea.
RLNG used by the Project is expected to have a low heating value of 1,050 British
thermal units per standard cubic feet (btu/scf) and its composition, in terms of molecular
percentage, will be as follows:
 Nitrogen –1.5 %
 Methane –85.6 %
 Ethane –7.8 %
 Propone –2.9 %
 Butane –1.9 %
 Pentane –0.3 %
Impurity in the natural gas is expected to be Hydrogen Sulfide with value of 5 milligram
per normal cubic meter (mg/Nm3)
Gas-fired plants generally produce negligible quantities of particulate matter (PM) and
sulfur oxides (SOx), and levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are about 60% of those from
plants using coal (without emission reduction measures). Natural gas-fired plants also
release lower quantities of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
The Project is estimated to be constructed within 26 to 28 months from financial close.
Exhibit II illustrates the Project layout on a map.

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Exhibit II: Project Layout

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Statement of Need
Pakistan is suffering from an acute energy crisis. The unreliable power supply is affecting
the productive end-uses of power due to which the direct and multiplier benefits of
productive activities are foregone and the economy incurs a loss. Taking into account the
crippling power shortages in the country, the Government of Pakistan has signed an
agreement with the State of Qatar for the import of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) which
is a cheaper and environmentally-friendly fuel for power generation as compared to
diesel and furnace oil. Utilizing this opportunity, EPL has taken an initiative to install the
proposed Project to positively contribute to the country’s energy supply mix.
The development of the proposed Project will add 450 MW of electric power to the
national grid. The power generated by the Project would be supplied to various sectors
that are currently being affected by the power shortages and bridge part of the energy
shortfall facing the country. This, in turn, will have a positive impact on the country’s
economy through increase in gross domestic product (GDP). The impact will last through
the life of the Project.
Regulatory Requirements
The proposed RLNG CCPP is subject to the pertinent legislative and regulatory
requirements of the Government of Pakistan, the Government of Sindh (GoS) and
International Finance Corporation (IFC). The legal statutes that have been reviewed
include the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA 1997), Sindh
Environmental Protection Act, 2014 (SEPA 2014), Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency (Review of Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)) Regulation, 2014 (IEE-EIA Regulations 2014), the National
Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 1993, Sindh Environmental Quality Standards
(SEQS) for Ambient Air Quality 2014.
In addition, the Project will also comply with the IFC’s Environmental Health and Safety
(IFC EHS) Guidelines 2007 and IFC’s Performance Standards (IFC PSs) on
Environmental and Social Suitability 2012 and their subservient guidelines and standards.
Description of the Environment
Field Surveys and Data Collection
The existing physical, biological and socioeconomic conditions of the surrounding areas
of the Project are described in the EIA report. This information was collected from field
surveys, previous EIAs conducted in the Project area and other published literature.
Ambient air quality sampling for the EIA of the proposed Project was conducted from
March 4–6, 2015. A socioeconomic baseline survey was undertaken by HBP’s social
team from March 13–16, 2015, which covered 16 settlements within a 10 km radius
around the Project-site.
Appropriate standard scientific methods were used for each component of the study and
are described in the sections covering the respective components. For all spatial
information, Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to mark the sampling sites. The
GPS data was then used to produce maps using geographical information system (GIS)
software.

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Data regarding the existing soil and water quality, and the ecological resources of the
Gharo Creek was collected from recent EIAs conducted by HBP in the vicinity of the
Project-site including the EIA of Port Qasim Electric Power Company (PQEPC)
2×660 MW Coal Power Plant (CPP); the EIA for the replacement of four furnace oil-
fired boilers with coal-fired boilers at Karachi Electric (K–Electric) Power Station and
the EIA of a coal fired power plant at Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (FFBL).
Ambient Air Quality
Key observations from air quality results from samples collected at two locations for the
proposed Project:
 At sampling point ENPA1, located in northeast of the Project-site, the average
ambient air concentrations of SO2, NO2, NO, CO, O3, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 are
15.9 μg/m3
, 12.1 μg/m3
, 19.2 μg/m3
, 1.5 mg/m3
, 8.5 μg/m3
, 310 μg/m3
, 125 μg/m3
and 25.6 μg/m3
respectively. All values are within the limits prescribed by the
SEQS and EHS guidelines prescribed by IFC for 24-hour average time ambient
air quality concentrations.
 At sampling point ENPA2, located 5 km east of the Project-site, the average
ambient air concentrations of SO2, NO2, NO, CO, O3, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 are
12 μg/m3
, 7 μg/m3
, 12 μg/m3
, 1.1 mg/m3
, 4.6 μg/m3
, 232 μg/m3
, 102 μg/m3
and
22.4 μg/m3
respectively. All values are within the limits prescribed by the SEQS
and EHS guidelines prescribed by IFC for 24-hour average time ambient air
quality concentrations.
Overview of Creeks in the Port Qasim Authority Area
The Indus River delta covers an area of about 600,000 hectares and is characterized by 16
major creeks and innumerable minor creeks, dominated by mud flats, and fringing
mangroves. The coastal morphology is characterized by a network of tidal creeks and a
number of small islands with sparse mangrove vegetation, mud banks, swamps, and
lagoons formed because of changes in river courses. The Gharo Phitti Creek System
consists of three creeks: Gharo Creek, Kadiro Creek and Phitti Creek. All three are
connected in a series starting from Gharo Creek at the north-eastern end to the Phitti
Creek at the south-western end.
At Gharo Creek, 56 km from the Phitti Creek entrance, the tides are almost half of the
mean sea tides at the entrance. The Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) to Mean Lower
Low Water (MLLW) range is about 2.4 m at the port complex while the peak tide over
diurnal range is about 3.5 m. The flow pattern within this large, relatively deep and
generally stable creek system around Port Qasim is strongly influenced by tides and the
presence of extensive inter-tidal flats.
Physio-Chemical Parameters of Major Creeks in PQA
The surface water temperature, salinity and density show some variation within the major
creeks of PQA. The annual seawater temperature ranges from 21.0 °C–25.0 °C. Water
temperatures in tidal channels in the Indus Delta creeks have been reported to be 19 °C in
January and 30 °C in June. Seawater salinity ranges from 33.4 – 39.2 parts per thousand
(ppt) (or Practical Salinity Units, PSU). Seawater density in the PQA creek system ranges
from 1.025 – 1.030 kg/m3
.

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Heavy Metal Analysis in Fish, Crab and Shrimp Tissues
Fish tissue sampling to detect the presence of heavy metals in fish, crabs and shrimps in
the Gharo Creek was conducted in 2014. Analysis of the edible tissues of fish, crab, and
shrimp showed that Antimony, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel and Silver were below the
Level of Reporting (<0.05 mg/kg). The concentration of Arsenic was between 0.80-
3.55 mg/kg, the concentration of Copper was between 1.21-41.0 mg/kg. Lead
concentrations ranged between 0.09-0.24 mg/kg while Zinc concentrations were between
11.3– 57.2 mg/kg. The levels of heavy metals observed in the fish tissues were within the
limits prescribed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for edible fish.
Mangrove habitat
The Project is located near PQ which is part of the Indus Delta. The Indus Delta supports
the seventh largest mangrove forest system in the world. In the Indus Delta mangrove
ecosystem, eight species of mangroves have been reported out of 70 species known to
occur in the tropical forests of the world. The Avicennia marina is the dominant species
of the mangroves in the Indus Delta. All other species are rare and have disappeared from
most part of the Delta due to adverse environmental/ecological conditions. Out of 70
mangrove species worldwide 11 species (16 percent) have been placed on the IUCN Red
List. The Avicennia marina is the dominant species of the mangroves in the Indus Delta.
About 60 percent of the mangroves are over 3 m in height.
Mudflats Habitats, Surface and Burrowing Animal Forms
Benthic community: This community includes the microbes: detritus feeders, small and
large herbivores, and small and large carnivores. In the mangrove ecosystem, the benthic
community of the adjacent shallow water is a subject of interest. Here, the microbes
decompose the plant litter into organic detritus - a fundamental commodity for the
transfer of energy from lower to higher trophic level.
Mudflat habitats: Coastal areas and the intertidal region is a complex area where the
division between land and sea is unclear. Coastal intertidal areas have a diverse range of
communities that inhabit muddy/clay shores. Patchy mangrove ecosystem supported the
epifaunal communities in the surveyed area.
At low tide, when a large part of muddy substrate is exposed, crabs, mudskippers and
birds are seen in large numbers picking up their food which includes worms and different
animals left behind and exposed by the receding tide.
Marine Invertebrate Species: The marine invertebrates play an important role in mixing
the organically enriched bottom sediments and are the key linkages in transferring the
energy from lower trophic level to the next higher trophic level in the food chain. The
marine invertebrate communities reported from the Project site and vicinity are
characteristic of fine sediments from muddy to clayey. Dominant communities reported
include Fiddler Crab Uca sp., Mud Skippers Boleophthalmus spp and Telescopium spp
assemblages as well as annelid (Polychaete) worms, bivalve mollusks, Pinnotherid crabs
and Cerithium sp.
Conservation Status: None of the marine invertebrates species reported from the Project
site and vicinity are threatened or included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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Moreover, their distribution is not limited to any specific site or habitat type, and their
distribution is widespread.
Coastal Marine Fish Fauna
Over 180 species of fish have been reported from the Indus Delta. The abundance of fish
fauna varies from season to season. There are a number of settlements of fishermen along
the creeks of Indus Delta which depend on the fisheries resources of these creeks.
Benthic Fish Community
Benthic fish community includes detritus feeders, small and large herbivores, and small
and large carnivores. In the mangrove ecosystem, the benthic community of the adjacent
shallow water is a subject of interest. Here, the microbes decompose the plant litter into
organic detritus - a fundamental commodity of system energy. At low tide, when a large
part of muddy bottom is exposed, crabs, mudskippers and birds are seen in large numbers
picking up their food which includes worms and different animals left behind by the
receding tide.
Pelagic Fish Community
This community includes powerful swimmers, which are exclusively carnivore in nature
like predaceous fishes, mullets, croakers, snappers, carangids breams, perches, and sea
snakes. In the mangrove ecosystem the predaceous fish forms are often small in size and
easily wander among the mangroves at high tide. Subsistence fishing and recreational
fishing takes place in the vicinity of the Port Qasim Area (PQ Area) during ebb and flow
tides but commercial fishing is very limited.
Artisanal Crab Fishery
Local fishing community members fish for mud crabs Scylla serrata during low tide. The
mud crab, burrows in mudflats in close proximity to the mangrove plantation. The locals
excavate the soft mud with bare hands or a hooked iron rod is used which is inserted into
the mud crab dwelling during the exposed mud flats at low tide. The crabs are caught
from their habitats and kept alive in moist gunny bags.
Conservation Status: None of the fish or crab species reported off the coast of PQ Area
are threatened or included in the IUCN Red List.
Marine Mammals and Turtles
Dolphins are marine mammals that have been sighted in the Indus deltaic region and in
the PQ Area. However, there is no published information available with regards to the
number of Cetaceans that visit the PQ Area. Marine mammals prefer the deep waters of
the ocean and are very rarely seen in the shallow waters of coastal areas.
Two turtle species have been reported from the marine waters off the coast of Sindh.
Olive Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivalea is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List
and included in Appendix I of the CITES Species List while the Green Turtle Chelonia
mydas is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List 2014, and included in the
Appendix I of the CITES Species List. However, neither of these species has been
reported from the PQ Area and are not known to use the coast line south of the Project
site or vicinity for breeding or nesting. During ecological surveys conducted in the
Project vicinity in March 2014, the survey team did not find any turtles, turtle remnants

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or turtle tracks on the muddy shores at the locations sampled. No turtle nest was
observed. This is because turtles prefer sandy beach substrates instead of muddy
substrates found near the Project-site.
Conservation Status: No threatened marine mammal or turtle species has been reported
from the coastal areas in Project-site and vicinity.
Socioeconomic Environment
A field survey to collect data on the socioeconomic conditions prevailing in the Study
Area was conducted from March 13–16, 2015, covering 16 settlements within a 10 km
radius around the Project-site. The locations urban, semi-urban and rural settlements
covered during the field survey are shown in Exhibit III.
Information on the socioeconomic conditions prevailing within the Study Area was
collected through a combination of settlement-level surveys and focus-group interviews.
To determine the socioeconomic condition for both the genders residing the Study Area,
data was collected from both male and female members of the society.
The information was obtained from both male and female key informants including
literate people, representatives of local government, town management officers and
community leaders with knowledge of the socioeconomic conditions of their
communities.
The summary of the results of the socioeconomic survey of the communities are
presented in Exhibit IV. The detailed results are provided in the EIA report.

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Exhibit III: Location of Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Settlements within the Study Area

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Exhibit IV: Summary of the Socioeconomic Conditions in the Study Area
Socioeconomic Aspect Survey Result
Estimated number of households 26,281
Estimated population 172,720
Type of housing Urban and Semi Urban Masonry Adobe
100% –
Rural Masonry Adobe
75% 25%
Estimated number of educational
institutions
97 (84 in urban and semi urban and 13 in rural
settlements)
Estimated number of health facilities 20 (including private clinics, one health center by Fauji
Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited, one 100 bed hospital in
PSM Town, and GoS facilitated dispensaries)
Major transportation route National highway (N-5), connecting the Study Area to
Karachi city located to its west
Major source of water Keenjar lake, located in Thatta, to the east of the Study
Area, at an approximate geodesic distance of 45 km.
Water is supplied to the settlements through Karachi
Development Authority (KDA) pipeline and PSM water
supply pipelines
Stakeholder Consultations
As part of the scoping phase to identify potential impacts of the Project, stakeholder
consultations with communities were held from March 13–16, 2015, whereas institutional
stakeholder consultations were held on March 18 and 19, 2015. Community consultations
were conducted in settlements located around the PQA within a 10 km radius from the
proposed Project-site. Institutional consultations were held with industries located in the
PQA and with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) specializing in the field of
ecology and nature-conservation.
The EIA report provides a summary of the concerns, expectations and feedback shared by
the stakeholders. It also provides a complete record of the consultations in one of its
appendices.
The list of institutional stakeholders consulted is provided in Exhibit V and the locations
of both the community and institutional stakeholders consulted are shown on a map in
Exhibit VI.

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Exhibit V: List of Institutions and Industries Consulted with
Consultation Location and Date1
Stakeholder Consultation Location Date Consulted
Pakistan Steel Mills (PSM) Arabian Sea Country Club,
PQA, Karachi
Mar 18, 2015
Tuwairqi Steel Mills (TSM)
Engro Polymer and Chemicals Limited (EPCL)
Engro Zarkhez
The stakeholder confirmed receipt of invitation
letter for consultation at the Arabian Sea
Country Club, however, they did not attend the
consultation session.
K-Electric
Lotte Chemical Pakistan Ltd
Port Qasim Authority
Linde Pakistan Limited
Port Qasim Electric Company
Arabian Sea Country Club
Siddique Sons
ASG Metals Limited
The World Conservation Union (IUCN) IUCN Office, 1 Bath Island,
Clifton, Karachi
Mar 19, 2015
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) WWF Office, 46-K, PECHS,
Shara-e-Faisal Karachi
Mar 19, 2015
1 The stakeholders were consulted during the scoping consultation visits carried out for 225 MW RLNG
CCPP (the initial design of the Project). These stakeholders were consulted again to discuss the change
in the Project design from 225 MW to 450 MW. The background information document (BID), shared with
the stakeholders for the updated design is attached at Appendix E of this report. The main objective for
consulting the stakeholders again was to record their concerns associated with the updated design.

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Exhibit VI: Locations of Community and Industrial Stakeholders Consulted

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Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures for the
Proposed Project
An in-depth assessment of the following potential impacts was carried out; these were
identified as having medium or high significance in a scoping exercise carried out and
included in the EIA report.
 Impact 5 – Habitat degradation, and thus damage to aquatic species, in the Gharo
Creek as a result of direct physical damage or decrease in water quality from
turbidity from the construction of the intake and outfall channels.
 Impact 7 – Employment and livelihood generated for skilled and semi-skilled
personnel hired during the construction of the Project.
 Impact 11 – Gaseous emissions from the Project during the operation phase may
result in the deterioration of ambient air quality beyond the limits prescribed by
SEQS and IFC EHS guidelines.
 Impact 15 – Habitat degradation and thus damage to aquatic species in the Gharo
Creek from increased concentration of brine discharged in the Project effluent
during operation.
Impact on Marine Ecological Resources from the Construction of Intake and
Outfall Channels extending into the Gharo Creek
Marine life consisting of marine benthic invertebrates, phytoplankton, zooplankton, crabs
and fish will suffer direct physical damage from construction works in the Gharo Creek.
However, such damage will be limited only to the site of the construction works. On the
other hand, turbidity generated from the construction works may spread a few meters
away from the construction site and result in ill health effects and changes in abundance
and diversity of marine ecological resources in the Gharo Creek. This alteration in the
sediment levels in the water is likely to change the nature and diversity of benthic and
pelagic marine communities, such as decline of density, species abundances or biomass.2
The marine benthic invertebrates and fish fauna in the vicinity of the construction
activities are likely to suffer negative impacts caused primarily by smothering of benthic
invertebrate and clogging of gills of the fish species.
Similarly, construction works will lead to the short-term decline in the abundance and
diversity of fish, crabs and crustaceans. None of the fish, crab or crustacean species is
included in the IUCN Red List 2014 and are abundantly found in other parts of the coast.
In addition, the fish and to some extent the other species are likely to avoid disturbance
and move to a less disturbed area. However, it is recommended that the construction
activities not be carried out during the spawning period of coastal fish (July/August) to
avoid any long-term harm to the species. In addition, it is recommended that all measures
outlined in the Environmental Management Plan for Project construction and operation
be implemented to ensure minimal pollution of marine waters. These include:
2 Amjad,S and Moinuddin Khan 2011 Marine Ecological Assessment for LNG Terminal at Port Qasim.
Pak.J. Eng. Technol.Sci Vol 1. No.2 74-85.

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 Debris netting to be applied around the sides of the construction site of
intake/outfall channels to prevent any materials or debris falling into the creek.
 To contain any other debris generated, a layer of terram (or any geosynthetic
material) will be laid across the platform at the beginning of each shift and
removed at the end of the shift ensuring all debris resulting from the works is
restricted from entering the marine environment.
 Waste materials generated during the construction of the intake and outfall
channel shall be trapped and collected on the temporary works platform for
appropriate disposal off site.
 The proposed paint system for underwater structures will have a low VOC content
and fast curing times.
Changes in Abundance and Diversity of Marine Flora and Fauna caused by
Discharge of Effluent into the Creek
Once the Project becomes operational, effluent streams made up of discharge from the
cooling-water process and the RO treatment plant will be discharged into the Gharo
Creek. Higher concentrations of brine from the RO process will have a negative impact
on the marine life in Gharo Creek. This is because the marine flora and fauna consisting
of the marine epifaunal invertebrate species, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, crabs and
crustaceans are adapted to ambient saline concentrations. Any change in salt
concentration in the sea water has the potential to cause changes in abundance and
diversity of these ecological resources.
The results of the effluent plume modeling indicate that the brine in the effluent discharge
from the Project into the Gharo Creek will arrive at ambient salinity levels approximately
50 m away from the discharge location.
Therefore, with an increasing distance from the outfall channel, the effluent constituents
will become diluted and even though there may be some harm to some ecological
receptors (individuals of marine epifaunal communities), particularly within a 20 m
radius of the point of discharge into the creek, the species will not suffer any long term
harm.
None of the marine benthic invertebrate species reported from the Gharo Creek near the
Project is included in the IUCN Red List.3 Similarly, no endangered fish species has been
reported from the creek waters near the Project-site and these fish species are abundantly
found in other parts of the coast. There are no mangroves at the Project-site and the
closest mangroves are located 2 km away south of the Project in the Gharo Creek.
Therefore, the impact of brine released from the Project negatively impacting marine life
is not considered significant provided the rest of the effluent is compliant with all other
NEQS and IFC standards for industrial effluents discharged into the sea. It is
recommended that all measures outlined in the Environmental Management Plan for
3 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02
March 2015.

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Project construction and operation be implemented to ensure minimal pollution of marine
waters.
Impacts on Ambient Air Quality from Stack Emissions during Operational Phase
The results of the air dispersion modeling indicate that concentration of NO2 and CO in
the air when the Plant is in operation will be compliant with the SEQS and IFC EHS
guidelines. It will also comply with the IFC EHS guideline which states that “emissions
from a single project should not contribute more than 25 % of the applicable ambient air
quality standards to allow additional, future sustainable development in the same
airshed.”
Moreover, the contour maps illustrating the incremental pollution values indicate that the
NO2 and CO concentrations as a result of the Project decrease to insignificant levels at a
distance of 1–2 km from the Project-site. Therefore, the impact on air quality in the Study
Area as a result of the Project during operation in any scenario will be of a low
magnitude and will be limited to a small spatial scale.
Assessment of Brine Concentration Profile in the Gharo Creek
Plume modelling for discharges associated with the RLNG CCPP project are based on a
1-D model i.e. along a single channel. Typically in discharges in estuarine situations
along a single channel, tidal pollutant build-up may occur. This is since a single volume
of water travels up and down a channel during ebb and flow currents and pollutants begin
to build up in this volume. This is characteristic particularly of long channels such as that
along which this discharge is occurring (i.e. the Phitti-Kadiro-Gharo Creek system).
Nonetheless, a 1-D approximation with tidal pollutant build up would be an unjustifiably
conservative assumption leading to erroneous results based on the following discussion.
Based on preliminary analysis of water quality being carried out by Hagler Bailly
Pakistan for the Cumulative Impact Assessment of Industrial and Port Developments at
Port Qasim, key observations, particularly related to estuarine dynamics, for the creeks
within the Port Qasim Notified Area are as follows:
 The estuary is vertically well mixed (i.e. no salinity or temperature gradients)
possibly due to high turbulence associated with penetration of wind waves, tidal
currents and since there are little freshwater flows in multiple investigated
channels and creeks across the Notified Port Qasim Area (~ 69,000 ha).
 The estuary is laterally well mixed (i.e. no major differences in water quality)
along the entire PQ Notified Area (~ 69,000 ha)
 Water quality along Port Qasim’s Industrial and Port Zones is of good quality
indicating that there is no pollutant build up.
 Little to no contamination of marine sediments, indicating no long term pollutant
build up.
Other than indicating good mixing in the estuary associated with turbulence associated
with wind waves and currents, the observations above indicate that pollutants are flushed
out of the system i.e. the same volume does not remain within the channel, and tidal
pollution build up is not occurring. It is assumed that there is interaction of the volume
with multiple other smaller creeks of the inactive northwestern extent of the Indus Delta

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xviii
such as the Chan Wado and Issaro Creek. A 1-D approximation with tidal pollutant build
up would be unjustifiably conservative. Nonetheless, a 1-D approximation for a dynamic
3-D situation is still considered conservative compared to actual field conditions.
Therefore, based on the current modelling the NEQs will be met well within 100 m of the
point of discharge under conservative modelling conditions.
An additional characteristic of the modelling, is that the model utilized average flow rates
for flood and ebb currents separately to take into account plume extents in different
principal directions during flood and ebb currents.
Generation of skilled and unskilled employment from the construction and
operation of the Project
The construction and operation phases of the Project will include various civil, mechanic,
electrical and masonry works which will require a considerable number of workforce to
accomplish the desired job. This will result in opening of various job opportunities for
both skilled and unskilled individuals residing in the Socioeconomic Study Area.
Transparent and fair distribution of these jobs among locals, matching their education and
skill level is expected to enhance the socioeconomic condition existing in the area.
Conclusion
The proposed RLNG CCPP project includes the construction and operation of a new
thermal power plant with gas and steam turbine generators to generate 450 MW of
electric power.
The Project will incorporate state-of-the-art equipment and effluent treatment
technologies to minimize associated wastes and mitigate their adverse impacts on the
physical and socioeconomic environment of the Project area to the maximum possible
levels.
The EIA study has documented all major environmental concerns associated with the
development of the proposed Project. The EIA also documents an EMP which provides
mitigation and monitoring measures for significant environmental impacts on the existing
biophysical environmental of the Study Area.
In view of the findings of the EIA study and assuming effective implementation of the
mitigation measures and monitoring requirements as outlined in the EMP, it can be
concluded that all environmental impacts of the construction and operation of the Project
will be manageable and the Project will comply with national, provincial and
international standards and guidelines including NEQS, SEQS, IFC EHS guidelines and
IFC PSs.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Contents
R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xix
Contents
1. Introduction......................................................................................1-1
1.1 Project Setting.......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Project Outline.......................................................................................... 1-3
1.3 Statement of Need.................................................................................... 1-6
1.4 Analysis of Alternatives........................................................................... 1-6
1.4.1 No-Project Option ........................................................................... 1-6
1.4.2 Site Selection.................................................................................. 1-6
1.4.3 Fuel Selection................................................................................. 1-7
1.4.4 Gaseous Emissions ........................................................................ 1-8
1.4.5 Combined Cycle Technology .......................................................... 1-8
1.4.6 Cooling-Water Technology.............................................................. 1-8
1.5 Introduction to the EIA............................................................................. 1-9
1.5.1 Objectives of the EIA ...................................................................... 1-9
1.5.2 Scope of the EIA........................................................................... 1-10
1.6 Approach and Methodology .................................................................. 1-10
1.7 Regulatory Requirements...................................................................... 1-12
1.8 Report Organization............................................................................... 1-12
2. Legal, Administrative and Policy Framework...............................2-1
2.1 Statutory Framework................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.1 Constitutional Provision................................................................... 2-1
2.1.2 Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014 ...................................... 2-2
2.1.3 Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial
Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact
Assessment Regulations), 2014...................................................... 2-4
2.1.4 SEQS, NEQS and IFC Environmental Standards............................ 2-4
2.1.5 Self-Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules 2001 ................... 2-7
2.2 Other Relevant Laws................................................................................ 2-7
2.2.1 Port Qasim Authority Act, 1973....................................................... 2-8
2.2.2 Hazardous Substances................................................................... 2-9
2.2.3 The Forest Act 1927 ....................................................................... 2-9
2.2.4 Factories Act 1934........................................................................ 2-10
2.2.5 Labor and Health and Safety Legislation....................................... 2-10

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xx
2.3 International Law and Multilateral Agreements.................................... 2-11
2.4 IFC Environmental Guidelines and Standards ..................................... 2-13
2.4.1 Project Categorization................................................................... 2-13
2.4.2 IFC Performance Standards ......................................................... 2-15
2.4.3 IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines......................... 2-17
3. The Proposed Project Design ........................................................3-1
3.1 Project Location and Layout.................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Combined Cycle Power Plant .................................................................. 3-4
3.2.1 GE Industrial Frame Gas Turbine 9F.05 ......................................... 3-6
3.2.2 Siemens SGT5-4000F Industrial Gas Turbine................................. 3-6
3.2.3 Heat Recovery Steam Generators .................................................. 3-7
3.2.4 Steam Turbines ............................................................................ 3-12
3.3 Gaseous Emission ................................................................................. 3-13
3.4 Water Supply, Recirculating Cooling and Treatment System ............. 3-13
3.4.1 Design Parameters of Water Supply System ................................ 3-13
3.4.2 Water Supply System ................................................................... 3-14
3.4.3 Cooling Water Intake and Wet Recirculating Cooling System ....... 3-16
3.4.4 Antisepsis Measures for Cooling Water System............................ 3-17
3.4.5 Raw Water Treatment System ...................................................... 3-18
3.4.6 HRSG Evaporator Feed Water System......................................... 3-20
3.4.7 Chemical Dosing System.............................................................. 3-20
3.4.8 Service Water System .................................................................. 3-21
3.4.9 Potable Water System .................................................................. 3-21
3.4.10 Industrial and Oily Wastewater Treatment System........................ 3-22
3.4.11 Sewage Treatment System........................................................... 3-22
3.4.12 Brine Discharge ............................................................................ 3-22
3.5 Power Evacuation................................................................................... 3-23
3.6 Project Staffing....................................................................................... 3-25
4. Description of the Environment.....................................................4-1
4.1 Study Area ................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 Physical Baseline ..................................................................................... 4-4
4.2.1 Overview......................................................................................... 4-4
4.2.2 Water Resources in the Study Area ................................................ 4-5
4.2.3 Climate ........................................................................................... 4-5

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxi
4.2.4 Air Quality ....................................................................................... 4-9
4.3 Ecological Baseline................................................................................ 4-19
4.3.1 Scope ........................................................................................... 4-20
4.3.2 Basis for Determination of Conservation Status of Species and
Performance Standard for Preparation of the Baseline ................. 4-21
4.3.3 Ecological Resources in Project site and vicinity........................... 4-27
4.3.4 Critical Habitat Assessment .......................................................... 4-36
4.3.5 Ecosystem Services...................................................................... 4-38
4.4 Socioeconomic Environment ................................................................ 4-38
4.4.1 Scope ........................................................................................... 4-39
4.4.2 Socioeconomic Baseline Survey................................................... 4-41
4.4.3 Socioeconomic Survey Results..................................................... 4-45
4.4.4 Urban and Semi-Urban Settlements.............................................. 4-45
4.4.5 Rural Settlements ......................................................................... 4-54
4.4.6 Fishing.......................................................................................... 4-62
4.4.7 Shrine of Shah Hassan ................................................................. 4-66
4.5 Anticipated Developments in the vicinity of the Project...................... 4-67
4.5.1 2 × 660 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant Port Qasim Electric Power
Company ...................................................................................... 4-68
4.5.2 K-Electric Bin Qasim Coal Conversion Project .............................. 4-69
4.5.3 Comparisons of Design Features of the Anticipated Projects
with the Proposed Project ............................................................. 4-70
4.5.4 Conclusion.................................................................................... 4-70
5. Stakeholder Consultations.............................................................5-1
5.1 Objectives of Stakeholder Consultations ............................................... 5-1
5.2 National Regulations and International Practice for Stakeholder
Consultations ........................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.1 Pakistan Environmental Law........................................................... 5-2
5.2.2 International Practice ...................................................................... 5-3
5.2.3 Good Practice Principles................................................................. 5-4
5.3 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis ................................................. 5-4
5.4 Consultation Methodology ...................................................................... 5-7
5.4.1 Consultation Material ...................................................................... 5-7
5.4.2 Consultation Mechanism for Institutional Consultations .................. 5-7
5.4.3 Consultation Mechanism for Community Consultations .................. 5-9

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxii
5.4.4 Documentation and Reporting....................................................... 5-13
6. Scoping of Environmental and Social Impacts ............................6-1
6.1 Scoping Methodology .............................................................................. 6-1
6.2 Scoping of Identified Potential Environmental and Social Impacts...... 6-4
7. Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures
for the Proposed Project ................................................................7-1
7.1 Impact Assessment Methodology........................................................... 7-1
7.2 Impacts on Ambient Air Quality from Stack Emissions during
Operational Phase.................................................................................... 7-2
7.2.1 Objectives....................................................................................... 7-2
7.2.2 Sources of Emission ....................................................................... 7-2
7.2.3 Modeling Data and Parameters....................................................... 7-3
7.2.4 Background Concentration of NO2 in Ambient Air........................... 7-4
7.2.5 Modeled Incremental Pollutant Concentrations using AERMOD ..... 7-5
7.2.6 AQ1: Impact on air quality in the PQA airshed from gaseous
emissions from the Project during the operation phase................. 7-17
7.3 Ecological Impacts................................................................................. 7-19
7.3.1 EC1: Impact on Marine Ecological Resources from the
Construction of Intake and Outfall Channels extending
into the Gharo Creek..................................................................... 7-19
7.3.2 EC2: Changes in Abundance and Diversity of Marine Flora and
Fauna caused by Discharge of Effluent into the Creek.................. 7-21
7.3.3 Assessment of Brine Concentration Profile in the Gharo Creek .... 7-21
7.4 Socioeconomic Impacts......................................................................... 7-26
7.4.1 SE1: Generation of skilled and unskilled employment
from the construction and operation of the Project ........................ 7-26
8. Environmental Management Plan..................................................8-1
8.1 Purpose and Objectives of the EMP........................................................ 8-1
8.1.1 Management Approach................................................................... 8-1
8.1.2 Management Responsibilities ......................................................... 8-1
8.2 Mitigation Plan.......................................................................................... 8-3
8.2.1 Waste Management........................................................................ 8-3
8.3 Monitoring Plan ...................................................................................... 8-15
8.3.1 Objective of Monitoring ................................................................. 8-15
8.3.2 Performance Indicators................................................................. 8-15

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxiii
8.3.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan ..................................................... 8-16
8.3.4 Environmental Records................................................................. 8-20
8.4 Communication and Documentation .................................................... 8-20
8.4.1 Meetings ....................................................................................... 8-20
8.4.2 Reports......................................................................................... 8-21
8.4.3 Change-Record Register .............................................................. 8-21
8.5 Change Management ............................................................................. 8-21
8.5.1 First-Order Change....................................................................... 8-21
8.5.2 Second-Order Change.................................................................. 8-21
8.5.3 Third-Order Change...................................................................... 8-21
8.5.4 Changes to the EMP..................................................................... 8-22
8.6 Environmental Training.......................................................................... 8-22
8.7 Construction Management Plan............................................................ 8-24
8.8 Spill Management................................................................................... 8-30
8.8.1 Avoiding spills............................................................................... 8-30
8.8.2 Spill Kits........................................................................................ 8-30
8.8.3 Responding to spills...................................................................... 8-31
8.9 Grievance Redress Mechanism............................................................. 8-31
8.9.1 Framework for Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................ 8-31
8.9.2 Outline of Mechanism for Grievance Redress............................... 8-32
9. Conclusion.......................................................................................9-1
Appendices:
Appendix A: Sindh Environmental Quality Standards and IFC Guidelines
Appendix B: Air Quality Sampling Results
Appendix C: Settlement Questionnaire for Men and Women
Appendix D: Record of Stakeholder Consultations
Appendix E: Background Information Document
Appendix F: AERMOD Description
Appendix G: Sensitivity Analysis

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Exhibits
R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxiv
Exhibits
Exhibit 1.1: Project Location and Setting................................................................. 1-2
Exhibit 1.2: Project Layout....................................................................................... 1-5
Exhibit 2.1: Comparison of NEQS and IFC Guideline Limits for
Emission of Key Pollutants from Natural Gas Fired Power Plants......... 2-5
Exhibit 2.2: Comparison of SEQS and IFC Guideline Limits for Ambient Air Quality 2-5
Exhibit 2.3: Comparison of NEQS and IFC Guideline Limits for
Effluent Discharge (mg/l, unless otherwise defined)............................. 2-6
Exhibit 2.4: Key Environmental Laws in Sindh......................................................... 2-7
Exhibit 2.5: International Environmental Treaties Endorsed by Pakistan ............... 2-12
Exhibit 3.1: Location of the Proposed Project.......................................................... 3-2
Exhibit 3.2: Project Layout....................................................................................... 3-3
Exhibit 3.3: Conceptual Process Flow Diagram of a CCPP ..................................... 3-4
Exhibit 3.4: RLNG CCPP Layout............................................................................. 3-5
Exhibit 3.5: GE 9FA.05 Industrial Gas Turbine........................................................ 3-6
Exhibit 3.6: Siemens SGT5-4000F Industrial Gas Turbine ...................................... 3-7
Exhibit 3.7: Combined Cycle Utility HRSG .............................................................. 3-8
Exhibit 3.8: HRSG Evaporator................................................................................. 3-9
Exhibit 3.9: HRSG Economizer ............................................................................. 3-10
Exhibit 3.10: HRSG Superheater............................................................................. 3-11
Exhibit 3.11: Water Balance Diagram...................................................................... 3-15
Exhibit 3.12: Quality of Seawater from the Gharo Creek ......................................... 3-16
Exhibit 3.13: RO Process Flow Diagram ................................................................. 3-19
Exhibit 3.14: Raw Water Treatment Process Flow .................................................. 3-20
Exhibit 3.15: Location of K-Electric Transmission Towers outside the Project-site .. 3-24
Exhibit 3.16: Project Staffing ................................................................................... 3-25
Exhibit 4.1: The Study Area and existing Industries around the Project-Site............ 4-3
Exhibit 4.2: Types of Vehicles Observed on Roads near the Project-Site................ 4-4
Exhibit 4.3: The Badal Nullah and Gharo Creek ...................................................... 4-5
Exhibit 4.4: Seasonal Characteristics of the Climate of Karachi............................... 4-6
Exhibit 4.5: Average Temperatures (°C) Recorded by Karachi Airport
Meteorological Station .......................................................................... 4-7
Exhibit 4.6: Rainfall measured at Karachi Airport Meteorological Station................. 4-8

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxv
Exhibit 4.7: Mean Wind in the Study Area ............................................................... 4-8
Exhibit 4.8: Wind Rose of the Study Area for the Year 2011 ................................... 4-9
Exhibit 4.9: Major Sources of Air Emissions in the PQA around the Project-Site... 4-10
Exhibit 4.10: Location of Major Sources of Air Emissions around Project-Site......... 4-11
Exhibit 4.11: Pollutants Sampled during Field Survey March 4–6, 2015.................. 4-13
Exhibit 4.12: Description of Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations....................... 4-13
Exhibit 4.13: Sampling Locations on Map................................................................ 4-14
Exhibit 4.14: Baseline Air quality Data from Secondary Sources............................. 4-15
Exhibit 4.15: Sampling Locations for Baseline Air quality Data from Secondary
Sources .............................................................................................. 4-16
Exhibit 4.16: Summary of Air Quality Sampling Results .......................................... 4-18
Exhibit 4.17: Average Concentration of Pollutants around the Project Site.............. 4-19
Exhibit 4.18: Annual Seawater Parameters in PQA Creeks..................................... 4-23
Exhibit 4.19: Seawater Parameter in the Water Column.......................................... 4-23
Exhibit 4.20: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediments of the Gharo Creek .......... 4-24
Exhibit 4.21: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediments of the Gharo Creek .......... 4-25
Exhibit 4.22: Concentration of Heavy Metals Observed in the Edible Tissues of
Fish, Crab, and Shrimp....................................................................... 4-26
Exhibit 4.23: Concentration of Heavy Metals Observed in the Edible Tissues of
Fish, Crab, and Shrimp....................................................................... 4-26
Exhibit 4.24: Marine Invertebrate Species reported from the Gharo Creek.............. 4-29
Exhibit 4.25: Fishing in Port Qasim Area. ................................................................ 4-31
Exhibit 4.26: Vegetation Species observed in Port Qasim Area............................... 4-32
Exhibit 4.27: Asian Migratory Bird Flyways.............................................................. 4-35
Exhibit 4.28: Diversity of Bird Fauna at Korangi Phitti Creek System ...................... 4-35
Exhibit 4.29: Results of the Screening Exercise for Potential
Socioeconomic Impacts from the Project............................................ 4-40
Exhibit 4.30: Principal Areas Covered in Questionnaires......................................... 4-41
Exhibit 4.31: Types of Settlements and their Geographical Coordinates ................. 4-43
Exhibit 4.32: Location of Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Settlements
within the Study Area.......................................................................... 4-44
Exhibit 4.33: Summary of the Socioeconomic Conditions in the Study Area............ 4-45
Exhibit 4.34: Socioeconomic Profile of Gulshan-e-Hadeed...................................... 4-46
Exhibit 4.35: Occupational Profile of Gulshan-e-Hadeed......................................... 4-47
Exhibit 4.36: Spoken Languages in Gulshan-e-Hadeed .......................................... 4-47
Exhibit 4.37: Percentage Share of Ethnic Groups in Gulshan-e-Hadeed................. 4-48
Exhibit 4.38: Photographs of the Socioeconomic Features of Gulshan-e-Hadeed... 4-48
Exhibit 4.39: Socioeconomic Profile of PSM Town .................................................. 4-50

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxvi
Exhibit 4.40: Photographs of the Socioeconomic Features of PSM Town ............... 4-50
Exhibit 4.41: Clusters of communities (Goths) within Pipri with
Estimated Number of Households and Population.............................. 4-52
Exhibit 4.42: Percentage Share of Ethnic Groups in Pipri........................................ 4-53
Exhibit 4.43: Spoken Languages in Pipri................................................................. 4-53
Exhibit 4.44: Photographs of the Socioeconomic Features of Pipri.......................... 4-54
Exhibit 4.45: Demographic Profile of the Surveyed Rural Settlements..................... 4-55
Exhibit 4.46: Percentage of Spoken languages in the Surveyed Rural Settlements. 4-56
Exhibit 4.47: Percentage of Occupations in the Surveyed Rural Settlements .......... 4-56
Exhibit 4.48: Housing Structures in the Surveyed Rural Settlements....................... 4-57
Exhibit 4.49: View of Shops in the Surveyed Rural Settlements .............................. 4-57
Exhibit 4.50: View of Mosques in the Surveyed Rural Settlements.......................... 4-58
Exhibit 4.51: Water Supply and Storage Resources in the
Surveyed Rural Settlements ............................................................... 4-59
Exhibit 4.52: Educational Facilities in the Surveyed Rural Settlements.................... 4-60
Exhibit 4.53: Education Institutions in the Surveyed Rural Settlements ................... 4-60
Exhibit 4.54: Community Health Center................................................................... 4-61
Exhibit 4.55: Migration Patterns in the Surveyed Rural Settlements ........................ 4-61
Exhibit 4.56: Survey Locations to identify existing Fishing Activities........................ 4-63
Exhibit 4.57: Photographs of the Fishing Survey..................................................... 4-64
Exhibit 4.58: Location of Keti Bandar with respect to Study Area ............................ 4-65
Exhibit 4.59: Photographs of the Shrine of Shah Hassan ........................................ 4-67
Exhibit 4.60: Comparison of some Design Specifications between the
Proposed Project and PQEPC and K-Electric Projects ....................... 4-70
Exhibit 5.1: Identified Potential Impacts and the Affected or Interested Groups....... 5-6
Exhibit 5.2: List of Institutions and Industries Consulted with
Consultation Location and Date............................................................ 5-8
Exhibit 5.3: Photographs of Institutional Stakeholder Consultations ........................ 5-8
Exhibit 5.4: List of Communities Consulted in Chronological Order with the
Geographical Coordinates of the Consultation Locations...................... 5-9
Exhibit 5.5: Locations of Community and Industrial Stakeholders.......................... 5-10
Exhibit 5.6: Photographs of Community Consultations .......................................... 5-11
Exhibit 5.7: Summary of Concerns Raised by Communities.................................. 5-14
Exhibit 5.8: Summary of Concerns Raised by Institutions...................................... 5-15
Exhibit 6.1: Defining Criteria for determining Magnitude, Duration and
Spatial Scale of Identified Impact.......................................................... 6-3

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxvii
Exhibit 6.2: Determining Consequence, Probability and
Significance Rating of Identified Impacts .............................................. 6-4
Exhibit 6.3: Scoping of Environmental and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project 6-7
Exhibit 7.1: AERMOD Modeling Data and Parameters for Scenario 1 and
Scenario 2 (base case)......................................................................... 7-3
Exhibit 7.2: Background Concentrations of Pollutants in Ambient Air ...................... 7-5
Exhibit 7.3: Model Grid within the Study Area.......................................................... 7-7
Exhibit 7.4: Modeling Results for Incremental Concentrations of CO and
NO2 from the Project in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2.............................. 7-8
Exhibit 7.5: Predicted Annual Incremental Concentration of NO2 (Scenario 1)........ 7-9
Exhibit 7.6: Predicted 24-hour Incremental Concentration of NO2 (Scenario 1) .... 7-10
Exhibit 7.7: Predicted 1-hour Incremental Concentration of CO (Scenario 1) ........ 7-11
Exhibit 7.9: Predicted Annual Incremental Concentration of NO2 (Scenario 2) ...... 7-13
Exhibit 7.10: Predicted 24-hour Incremental Concentration of NO2 (Scenario 2) ..... 7-14
Exhibit 7.13: Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and Standards......... 7-17
Exhibit 7.14: Modeling results for worst case scenario ............................................ 7-18
Exhibit 7.15: Plume Modeling Input Parameters for Design of Effluent Channel
and Flow Characteristics..................................................................... 7-22
Exhibit 7.16: Pollutant Load Dilution with ebb Current............................................. 7-24
Exhibit 7.17: Pollutant Load Dilution with Flood Current .......................................... 7-25
Exhibit 8.1: Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring...................... 8-2
Exhibit 8.2: Mitigation Plan during Construction Phase ........................................... 8-4
Exhibit 8.3: Mitigation Plan for the Operation Phase................................................ 8-7
Exhibit 8.4: Waste Management Plan Summary ................................................... 8-14
Exhibit 8.5: Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase ........................................ 8-17
Exhibit 8.6: Monitoring Requirements during Operational Phase........................... 8-18
Exhibit 8.7: Training Program................................................................................ 8-23
Exhibit 8.8: Construction Management Plan.......................................................... 8-25

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Abbreviations
R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxviii
Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
AFD Acoustic Fish Deterrent
BID Background Information Document
BQPS Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station
BWRO Boiler Water Reverse Osmosis
CCPP Combined-cycle Power Plant
CEMS Continuous Emissions Monitoring System
CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CMP Construction Management Plan
CO Carbon Monoxide
CPP Coal Power Plant
CTS Custody Transfer Station
DLE Dry Low Emission
DWT Dead Weight Ton
EAP Environmental Action Plan
EETL Engro Elengy Terminal Ltd
EHS Environmental, Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPCL Engro Polymer and Chemicals Limited
EPL Engro Powergen Limited
EZ Engro Zarkhez
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FFBL Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited
FRR Fish Recovery and Return
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GFP Grievance Focal Person
GIS Geographical Information System Software
GoS Government of Sindh
GPS Global Positioning System
GRC Grievance Redress Committee
HBP Hagler Bailly Pakistan
HC Hydrocarbons
HDF Human Development Foundation
HP High Pressure
HRSGs Heat Recovery Steam Generators
Hz Hertz
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
PS Performance Standards
IFC International Finance Corporation
IP Intermediate Pressure
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
KDA Karachi Development Authority

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Abbreviations
R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 xxix
K–Electric Karachi Electric Utility Company
LCP Lotte Chemicals Pakistan
LLWM Low Low Water Mark
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LP Low Pressure
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
MBI Marine Benthic Invertibrates
MMSCFD Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day
MPa Mega Pascal
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets
MW Megawatt
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
O3 Ozone
Pak-EPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
PCU Public Complaints Unit
PEPA 1997 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
PM Particulate Matter
PPE Personal Protection Equipment
PPM Parts Per Million
PPT Parts Per Thousand
PQ Port Qasim
PQA Port Qasim Authority
PQEPC Port Qasim Electric Power Company
PSM Pakistan Steel Mills
RLNG Re-gasified liquefied natural gas
RO Reverse-osmosis
SEF Sindh Education Foundation
SEPA 2104 Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014
SEPA Sindh Environmental Protection Agency
SEQS Sindh Environmental Quality Standards
SFD Sindh Forest Department
SMART Self Monitoring and Reporting Tool
SO2 Sulfur Dioxide
SPRINT Spray Inter-Cooled Turbine
SPS Safeguard Policy Statement
SR Safeguards Requirement
SS Suspended Solids
SWRO Raw Water Reverse Osmosis System
TSM Tuwairqi Steel Mills
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
WB World Bank
WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Introduction
R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-1
1. Introduction
Engro Powergen Limited (EPL) is planning to develop a 450 megawatt (MW) re-gasified
liquefied natural gas (RLNG) combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) (the “Project”) at Port
Qasim, Karachi. EPL has initiated an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study to
assess the likely environmental and socioeconomic impacts that may result from Project
activities and to mitigate any potential negative impacts. The EIA process and the report
will meet national regulations, the regulatory requirements of the Government of Sindh
(GoS), and the relevant International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidelines.
EPL has acquired the services of Hagler Bailly Pakistan Pvt. Ltd. (HBP) to carry out the
EIA study for the proposed Project.
1.1 Project Setting
The Project will utilize 37 acres (15 hectares or 150,000 m2
) of land in an empty plot
owned by EPL in the Port Qasim Authority (PQA) Industrial Estate (the “Project-site”).
PQA is located, approximately, 45 kilometers (km) southeast of the city of Karachi
(Exhibit 1.1). The geographical coordinates of the proposed Project-site are
67° 22' 41.185" E, 24° 47' 28.324" N.
Engro Zarkhez (EZ) and Engro Polymer and Chemicals Limited (EPCL) are located to
the west and immediately adjacent to the Project-site. Lotte Chemicals Pakistan (LCP) is
located, approximately, 500 m to the east.
A custody transfer station (CTS), built by Engro Elengy Terminal Ltd (EETL), will be
located outside the southwest corner of the EPCL facility. The CTS is the point where
incoming flow of natural gas from EETL to the Project-site will be metered. Natural gas
will be transported from the CTS to the Project-site via an underground pipeline which
will traverse along either outside the southern boundary wall of the existing EPCL and
EZ complex or outside the western and northern boundary wall of the same complex.
The total water requirements of the Project will be met by extracting water from the
Gharo Creek, located to the south of the Project, at a flow rate of 1,201 m3
/hr using a
300 mm diameter pipeline with a length of 2.5 km. The water intake velocity will be
2.9 m/s. The intake pipe will be laid 2.5 m below the surface when on PQA land and will
rest on the creek floor once inside the Gharo Creek.
The creek is located on the northwestern edge of the Indus delta system which is
characterized by long and narrow creeks, mud flats and the mangroves forest ecosystems.
In either case, an outfall channel will be constructed which will also extend from the
southern edge of the Project-site to the Gharo Creek. For more details on Project setting
and location, a Project location and setting map is provided as Exhibit 1.1.

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-2
Exhibit 1.1: Project Location and Setting

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1.2 Project Outline
The Project development encompasses a 450 MW RLNG-based CCPP with dual fuel gas
turbines. Produced electric power by the plant will be transmitted to the national grid via
a power evacuation point located within the Project-site.
RLNG will be used as the main firing fuel for the CCPP which will be supplied by EETL
prior to the CTS. The daily requirement of RLNG is estimated to be 60 million standard
cubic feet per day (MMSCFD). High Speed Diesel (HSD) will be stored on-site and used
as a backup fuel.
heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) and steam turbines. The total water requirement
for the Project is calculated to be 1,201 m3
/hr. The makeup water requirement for the
recirculating cooling water system employed for the proposed power plant will be
538 m3
/hr.
Cooling water will be obtained by extracting sea water from the creek located south of
the Project-site. A water intake channel will be built between the plant and Gharo Creek
traversing through empty industrial plots south of the Project-site. Sea water will be
treated using a reverse-osmosis (RO) water filter plant.
Effluent streams, made up of discharge from the cooling-water process and the RO
treatment plant, will be discharged through an effluent channel into the Badal Nullah,
west of the Project-site. From here, the effluent will eventually flow into the Gharo
Creek. All effluent discharged into the creek will be compliant with both the Sindh
Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS) and IFC standards for industrial effluents
discharged into the sea.
RLNG used by the Project is expected to have a low heating value of 1,050British
thermal units per standard cubic feet (btu/scf) and its composition, in terms of molecular
percentage, will be as follows:
 Nitrogen –1.5 %
 Methane –85.6 %
 Ethane –7.8 %
 Propone –2.9%
 Butane – 1.9 %
 Pentane –0.3 %
Impurities in the natural gas are expected to be as follows:
 Hydrogen Sulfide –5 milligram per normal cubic meter (mg/Nm3
)
Gas-fired plants generally produce negligible quantities of particulate matter (PM) and
sulfur oxides (SOx), and levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are about 60% of those from

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-4
plants using coal (without emission reduction measures). Natural gas-fired plants also
release lower quantities of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.1
The Project is estimated to be constructed within 26 to 28 months from financial close.
Exhibit 1.2 illustrates the Project layout on a map.
1 International Finance Corporation. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power
Plants. World Bank Group, 2008.

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-5
Exhibit 1.2: Project Layout

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-6
1.3 Statement of Need
Pakistan is suffering from an acute energy crisis. The unreliable power supply is affecting
the productive end-uses of power due to which the direct and multiplier benefits of
productive activities are foregone and the economy incurs a loss. Taking into account the
crippling power shortages in the country, the Government of Pakistan has signed an
agreement with the State of Qatar for the import of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) which
is a cheaper and environmentally-friendly fuel for power generation as compared to
diesel. Utilizing this opportunity, EPL has taken an initiative to install the proposed
Project to positively contribute to the country’s energy supply mix.
The development of the proposed Project will add 450 MW of electric power to the
national grid. The power generated by the Project would be supplied to various sectors
that are currently being affected by the power shortages and bridge part of the energy
shortfall facing the country. This, in turn, will have a positive impact on the country’s
economy through increase in gross domestic product (GDP). The impact will last through
the life of the Project.
1.4 Analysis of Alternatives
The purpose of this section is to provide an analysis of the different alternatives available
with regards to key aspects of the Project. It also considers a No-Project Alternative. The
different aspects analyzed range from the alternatives for the selection of Project-site to
the cooling water technology used.
The comparison of alternatives briefly considers factors related to cost and technological-
reliability; and, environmental impacts and consequences of the alternatives. In this
manner, the objective of this section is to inform decision-makers, stakeholders and the
public regarding key aspects of the Project and how they compare, environmentally and
technologically, with other similar projects.
1.4.1 No-Project Option
Pakistan is going through an acute power shortage and the existing gap between supply
and demand is estimated to be up to 5,000 MW. The proposed Project represents
nearly9 % of the current gap and will utilize cheaper LNG instead of, the more
expensive, diesel and furnace oil, and the more environmentally detrimental coal, to
generate electricity. Thus in the absence of this Project, the gap in power supply and
demand will continue to grow or be replaced with other more expensive and less
environmentally-friendly fuels.
1.4.2 Site Selection
The proposed Project-site is an ideal location for the development of the Project due to
the following reasons:

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-7
 Proximity to source of LNG, in this case Port Qasim (PQ) and the Elengy
Terminal
 The Project will be located in the PQA close to the site of the EETL where
LNG will be imported and then transferred to consumers using a network of
gas pipelines.
 Availability of cooling water
 The Gharo Creek is located approximately 600 m south of the Project-site and
will be the source of cooling water for the power plant.
 Proximity to transmission network for evacuation of power
 Power generated by the Project will be evacuated to the national grid through
an existing transmission grid located in the PQA close to the Project-site.
 Proximity to road network for transportation of equipment
 The Project-site is located in the PQA which has a network of internal roads
built for traffic related to the construction and operation of industries within it.
The National Highway (N-5) passes close to the PQA connecting it with other
industrial and commercial centers in Karachi and Sindh. In case of importing
equipment and transporting it to the Project-site, the PQA is host to a large
commercial port which is roughly 6 km away from the Project-Site.
 Availability of sufficient land
 The Project will be spread over 37 acres (15 hectares) of land in an empty plot
owned by EPL in the PQA.
 Sufficient distance from population centers;
 The PQA is a designated industrial estate with no communities located inside
it.
 Away from ecologically sensitive areas
 The Project-site is located on an empty and barren land.
1.4.3 Fuel Selection
The Project will utilize imported natural gas as its main fuel. Utilizing imported natural
gas will help reduce pressure on local natural gas resources in the country which are
already short in supply.
Natural gas is also a cleaner burning and flexible alternative to other fossil fuels, and is
used in residential, industrial, and transportation applications in addition to an expanding
role in power production in Pakistan.
Natural gas power plants also have the added advantage that they can be constructed in as
little as 20 months for approximately one third the levelized capital cost for a typical coal
plant.2
2
"Natural Gas." Natural Gas. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Accessed April 7, 2015.
http://www.c2es.org/technology/factsheet/natural-gas

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1.4.4 Gaseous Emissions
Among fossil fuels, natural gas is the least carbon intensive and burns efficiently with
fewer air pollutants including nitrogen oxides as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon
dioxide. The emissions of sulfur dioxide, and mercury compunds are negligible. In its
recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control air emissions, the IFC
Environmental, Health and Safety (IFC EHS) Guidelines3
advise using natural gas over
oil and coal as it the cleanest and economically available fuel.
Natural gas-fired plants carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in very low quantities,.
However, in these too, thermal plants using natural gas emit less than oil- and coal-based
power plants. Combustion of natural gas emits approximately half as much carbon
dioxide as traditional coal and 33 percent less than oil. 4
1.4.5 Combined Cycle Technology
The Project will comprise of gas turbines based on a combined-cycle configuration with
heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) and steam turbines. Combined cycle plants are
highly efficient because they combine combustion turbines and steam turbines; the hot
exhaust from a gas-fired combustion turbine is used to create steam to power a steam
turbine. High efficiency combined cycle plants emit less than half the CO2 per megawatt-
hour (MWh) as coal power plants, and operate with a 52–60 percent thermal efficiency
range. A typical natural gas combined cycle power plant has a heat rate (i.e., the amount
of fuel used per unit of electricity generation) that is about one third lower than for a
combustion turbine or gas-fired steam turbine plant.5
1.4.6 Cooling-Water Technology
There are four major types of cooling-water systems: once-through cooling, closed-cycle
wet cooling, dry cooling (direct and indirect), and hybrid systems.6
 Once-Through Cooling. Once-through systems withdraw water from a natural
source (typically a lake, river, or ocean), use it to extract waste heat from the
steam cycle, and then return it to the water body at a slightly elevated
temperature.
 Closed-Cycle Wet Cooling. Closed-cycle (or recirculating) wet cooling systems
are similar to once-through cooling in that the steam is condensed in a water-
cooled, shell-and-tube steam condenser, but differ in that the heated water is not
returned to the environment. Instead the hot water is conveyed to a cooling
component, typically a wet cooling tower (other options include cooling ponds,
spray-enhanced ponds, spray canals, etc.), where it is cooled and then recirculated
to the condenser.
3
International Finance Corporation. “Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines”, World Bank
Group, Washington, DC, 2007.
4
"Natural Gas." Natural Gas. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Accessed April 7, 2015.
http://www.c2es.org/technology/factsheet/natural-gas
5
Ibid.
6
Maulbetsch, John , and Jeff Stallings. "Evaluating the Economics of Alternative Cooling Technologies." -
Power Engineering. http://www.power-eng.com/articles/print/volume-116/issue-11/features/evaluat-
economics-alternative-cool-technologies.html (accessed September 26, 2014).

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-9
 Dry Cooling. Dry cooling systems reject the heat of condensation directly to the
atmosphere with no consumptive use of cooling water.
 Hybrid Cooling. Hybrid cooling systems are intended to exploit the virtues of
both the wet and dry systems. In hybrid systems, both air-cooled and wet cooling
equipment is available for handling the plant heat load as conditions dictate.
As the source of water supply for the Project is seawater from the Gharo Creek,
conservation of water is not an environmental imperative for the Project, nor will it result
in indirect cost savings in the form of ecological services from the volume of water
conserved. Therefore, the suitable choice for a cooling-water system for the Project will
be either the once-through cooling system or the closed-cycle wet cooling system.
Between the two, the former has a lower initial capital cost and requires less space as
there is no need for a cooling tower and other auxiliary cooling equipment which the
closed-cycle wet cooling system requires. However, the once-through system utilizes
considerably more water with higher intake and outfall rates. The cooling water, when
released back into the environment at the outfall, possesses a higher temperature than its
original temperature at intake.
For the proposed project, recirculating water cooling system will be adopted. The system
operation does not result in any significant thermal water discharge into the main water
source (Gharo Creek in this case) as it’s a closed loop system only discharging blow
down discharge for the maintenance of the recirculating path of the water. The blowdown
discharge, due to its negligible quantities, is not expected to raise ambient water
temperature by 3 °C.
1.5 Introduction to the EIA
This EIA is conducted to meet the regulatory requirements of Pakistan contained in Sindh
Environmental Protection Act 1997, its associated rules and regulations and IFC
Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 2007 and Performance Standards
2012.
1.5.1 Objectives of the EIA
The objectives of EIA are to:
 Assess the existing environmental conditions of the Project-site and its vicinity,
including the identification of environmentally sensitive areas.
 Assess the proposed Project activities to identify their potential environmental
and social impacts, evaluate the impacts, and determine their significance.
 Propose appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures that can be incorporated
into the design of proposed activities to minimize any environmentally adverse
effects as identified by the assessment.
 Assess the proposed Project activities and determine whether they comply with
the relevant environmental regulations of Pakistan.

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-10
The findings of the EIA have been documented in the form of this report which is to be
submitted to the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) as per regulatory
requirements.
1.5.2 Scope of the EIA
This EIA report evaluates the physical, biological, and socioeconomic impact of the
following:
Construction of the Project;
In- land transportation of construction material and equipment;
Socioeconomic factors including generation of employment, and risk of the proposed
development on the nearby human receptors; and
Operation of the new RLNG CCPP boilers and auxiliaries.
The scope of work for this study consisted of six tasks which were performed during the
assessment and are covered in the following parts of this report:
Task 1: Identification of provincial, national and international standards and
guidelines applicable to the proposed Project development (legal,
administrative and institutional framework provided in Section 2)
Task 2: Collection of baseline information (both primary and secondary) on climate,
water quality, air quality, socioeconomic conditions and biological resources
(discussed in Sections 4 of this report)
Task 3: Scoping of the likely impact of the Project on the biophysical environment
of the surrounding area of Project-site. This section identifies significance of
the impacts. (Section 6)
Task 4: Assessment of the impact of the project on the biophysical environment in
the surrounding area of the Project -site (Section 7)
Task 5: Development of an impact mitigation and monitoring plan for the Project
(Section 8).
1.6 Approach and Methodology
The assessment was conducted with the following objectives:
1. To identify the regulatory requirements that apply to project activities in the
proposed area, in the context of environmental protection, health and safety;
2. To assess proposed project activities in terms of their likely impacts on the
environment during the construction and operation phases of the project, in order
to identify issues of environmental concern; and
3. To recommend appropriate mitigation measures that can be incorporated into the
design of the project to minimize any adverse environmental impacts identified.

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-11
The methodology adopted for the assessment consisted of the following steps:
1. Review of regulatory requirements based on: a) a preliminary assessment of
proposed activities and the Project-site; b) screening of relevant laws to prepare a
list of those that are applicable; and c) review of the laws to identify specific
regulatory requirements.
2. Collection of information on proposed project activities, project design and
schedule, with an emphasis on aspects that have an interface with the natural and
social environment.
3. Secondary literature search to collect environmental data about the Project-site
and its vicinity.
4. Site visits for collection of primary data related to various environmental aspects
of the Project-site and its vicinity.
5. Evaluation of environmental data and proposed project activities to identify
environmental parameters that are likely to undergo significant change due to the
proposed project development.
6. Evaluation of each likely change in order to identify adverse environmental
impacts.
7. Identification and evaluation of measures to mitigate the adverse impacts.
8. A stakeholder consultation to document the concerns of the local community and
other stakeholders, and to identify issues that may require additional assessment
in order to address these concerns.
Baseline Data Collection
Detailed environmental baseline surveys were conducted to collect primary data and
published literature was extensively reviewed to develop biophysical baseline of the
Project-site and its vicinity. In addition to these, the data available with HBP collated
during previous EIA studies conducted in the PQA was also reviewed, and where
appropriate was used, to determine the current environmental and socioeconomic
baseline of the area. Aspects that were covered during the survey included:
Community and socioeconomic indicators
Air quality
Sensitive receptors
Marine ecology
Water quality, and
Soil.
Impact Assessment
Each of the potential impacts identified during the scoping phase was evaluated using the
environmental, socioeconomic, and project information collected. Wherever relevant,
quantitative models were used to predict the potential impact. In general, the impact
assessment discussion covers the following aspects:

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-12
The present baseline conditions
The potential change in environmental parameters likely to be affected by project-related
activities
The prediction of potential impacts
The evaluation of the likelihood and significance of potential impacts
The defining of mitigation measures to reduce impacts to as low as practicable
The prediction of any residual impacts, including all long- and short-term, direct and
indirect, and beneficial and adverse impacts
The monitoring of residual impacts
1.7 Regulatory Requirements
The proposed RLNG CCPP is subject to the pertinent legislative and regulatory
requirements of the Government of Pakistan, the Government of Sindh and International
Finance Corporation. The legal statutes that have been reviewed include the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA 1997), Sindh Environmental Protection Act,
2014 (SEPA 2014), Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Regulation, 2000 (IEE-EIA Regulations 2000), the National
Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 19937
, Sindh Environmental Quality
Standards (SEQS) for Ambient Air Quality 2014.
In addition, the Project will also comply with the IFC’s Environmental Health and Safety
(IFC EHS) Guidelines 2007 and IFC’s Performance Standards (IFC PSs) on
Environmental and Social Suitability 2012 and their subservient guidelines and standards.
1.8 Report Organization
Section 1 (Introduction) provides an overview of the project, introducing the project
sponsors, and outlining the scope of this study.
Section 2 (Legal and Policy Framework) briefly discusses existing national policy and
resulting legislation for sustainable development and environmental protection, and then
presents the legislative requirements that need to be followed while conducting an EIA.
Section 3 (The Proposed Project) contains information about key features of the
proposed Project, such as its location, design, construction, operation, products and raw
material requirements, suppliers, power generation, and waste disposal arrangements.
Section 4 (Description of the Environment) documents in detail the existing physical,
biological, and socioeconomic conditions around the Project site and relevant
transportation and access routes.
Section 5 (Public Consultation) presents the objectives and outcomes of the public
stakeholder consultation that was conducted during the EIA.
Section 6 (Scoping of Environmental and Social Impacts) significance of the impacts
(high, medium, low) is determined in this section.
7
Including the latest NEQS rules: National Environmental Quality Standards (Self-Monitoring and
Reporting by Industries) Rules, 2001

R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 1-13
Section 7 (Project Impacts and Mitigation) presents an assessment of the Project’s
impact to the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment, as well as
recommended mitigation measures.
Section 8 (Environmental Management Plan) facilitates the implementation and
monitoring of the mitigation measures identified in the environmental impact assessment.
Section 9 closes the report with a conclusion of the EIA study conducted for the
proposed Project.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Legal, Administrative and Policy Framework
R5A05ENP: 09/29/15 2-1
2. Legal, Administrative and Policy Framework
This chapter outlines the legal and regulatory framework governing the EIA and the
environmental performance of the Project. These frameworks include the SEPA 2014,
IFC Procedure for Environmental and Social Review of Projects, IFC PSs and IFC EHS
Guidelines.
2.1 Statutory Framework
The development of statutory and other instruments for environmental management has
steadily gained priority in Pakistan since the late 1970s. The Pakistan Environmental
Protection Ordinance 1983 was the first piece of legislation designed specifically for the
protection of the environment. The promulgation of this ordinance was followed, in 1984,
by the establishment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA), the
primary government institution at that time dealing with environmental issues.
Significant work on developing environmental policy was carried out in the late 1980s,
which culminated in the drafting of the Pakistan National Conservation Strategy.
Provincial environmental protection agencies were also established at about the same
time. The NEQS were established in 1993. In 1997, the PEPA 1997 was enacted to
replace the 1983 Ordinance. PEPA conferred broad-based enforcement powers to the
environmental protection agencies. This was followed by the publication of the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE-EIA Regulations 2000 which provided
the necessary details on the preparation, submission, and review of IEE and EIA.
2.1.1 Constitutional Provision
Prior to the 18th
Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan in 2010, the legislative
powers were distributed between the federal and provincial governments through two
‘lists’ attached to the Constitution as Schedules. The Federal list covered the subjects
over which the federal government had exclusive legislative power, while the
‘Concurrent List’ contained subjects regarding which both the federal and provincial
governments could enact laws. The subject of ‘environmental pollution and ecology’ was
included in the Concurrent List and hence allowed both the national and provincial
governments to enact laws on the subject. However, as a result of the 18th
Amendment
this subject is now in the exclusive domain of the provincial government. The main
consequences of this change are as follows:
 The Ministry of Environment at the federal level was abolished. Its functions
related to national environmental management were transferred to the provinces.
To manage the international obligations in the context of environment, a new
ministry—the Ministry of Climate Change—was created at the federal level.
 The PEPA 1997 is technically no longer applicable to the provinces. The
provinces are required to enact their own legislation for environmental protection.

EIA of Engro Powergen Limited 450 MW RLNG CCPP at PQA, Karachi Sep 29, 2015 by Hagler Bailly Pakistan

EIA of Engro Powergen Limited 450 MW RLNG CCPP at PQA, Karachi Sep 29, 2015 by Hagler Bailly Pakistan

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EIA of Engro Powergen Limited 450 MW RLNG CCPP at PQA, Karachi Sep 29, 2015 by Hagler Bailly Pakistan