DRAUP : Auto Startup Report

WORKING SESSION:
RECRUITMENT BEST PRACTICES
MAY 2014
Automotive Start-Up Scan
Global Engineering Insights Platform
OCTOBER 2016
www.geip.zinnov.com

Automotive 1.0 & Automotive 2.0 emerge from craft, mass & lean philosophies
creating barriers-to-entry for new start-ups
2
490
Players
Why did automotive startup disruption happen again only after a century?
Ford’s economy-of-scale revolution led to massive upfront
investment costs
Sloan’s concept of ‘a car for every purse & purpose’ increased
PDLC by many years
Toyota’s effective waste reduction concepts enabled patent
protection & closed door knowledge
Government regulations & converging oligarchies meant increased
crony capitalism
1890
Automotive 1.0
Craft
235
Players
1909
Automotive 1.0
Mass
43
Players
1973
Automotive 2.0
Lean
1000+
Players
2005
Automotive 3.0
Smart
Royce
• High skilled workers
• Individual Customization
• Rewarding Work
• Horizontal Hierarchy
• Expensive
Rolls
Sloan
• Moving Assembly Line
• Interchangeable
Components
• Vertical Hierarchy
• Alienating Work
• Inexpensive
Ford
• Yearly Cosmetic
Updates
• Choice &
Variation
• Quality & Productivity both achieved
• Removing Waste created though
overburden & unevenness
• ‘Value Creation’ happens when customer
is willing to pay
• Systematic elimination of Waste
Sakichi Toyoda

Automotive 3.0 – less about the car, more about the service
3
Information Age
 The advent of Internet and major advances in
algorithms made Informatics applications in vehicles
easier to implement with greater Infotainment
experience
 Online Retail made dealership information & car
features completely open with direct-to-consumer sales
and home delivery
Gen Z and Millenials
 Increased environment awareness leads to re-
introduction of electric vehicles
 Changing consumer preferences cause
commoditization of vehicles - Ridesharing erupts onto
the scene
Silicon Evolution
 Moore’s law made electronics cheaper, smaller and
scalable year-by-year setting up the stage for
Telematics in Automotive
Smart Everything
 The Smartphone revolution increases demand for
Smart Car finally leading to a fully Autonomous Self-
Drive vehicle

About Global Engineering Insights Platform
4
Global Engineering
Insights Platform
Location Technology Company
Top 500 R&D Spenders 150K+ start-ups
Engineering R&D Footprint Tracking of Global 500
R&D Spenders
Global R&D Spenders
250+ Vendors
Digital Ecosystem
Intuitive tracking of Global Engineering Service
Providers and Platform companies focusing on New
age Technology areas
Global Vendors/Platform companies
Real time tracking of details of Start-ups and
Innovation Ecosystem across Industry Verticals
An integrated, real-time insights solution, encompassing global R&D Customers and the Innovation Ecosystem

The Automotive Start-up Landscape has evolved considerably over the years
5
2010 2016
1355
$18 B
512
$40 Bn
CAGR:
14%
No. of Automotive Start-ups
Total Funding in Automotive Start-ups
Active VCs Active Angels Accelerators
650+ 380+ 60+
$21.2Bn $1.9Bn$13.6Bn $0.3Bn
Top Locations by Funding
Top Areas of Investment
Transport
Tech
Electric/
Battery Tech
ADAS/
Autonomous
Connected
Car
Aftermarket &
Dealerships
$32Bn $2.7Bn $1.3Bn $0.6Bn $2.2Bn
Source: Global Engineering Insights Platform (www.geip.zinnov.com)

USA, India & China are rich with automotive start-ups that are flourishing with an
active investor ecosystem
6
$ 42 M40
$ 21,233 M589
$ 309 M94
$ 85 M8
$ 292 M31
$$ Funding
Major Technology Focus
1. Transport Tech
2. OEMs
3. Connected Cars
Top Investors
1. Accel
2. Tiger Global Management
3. Coatue Management
4. Sequoia Capital
5. BMW I Ventures
6. Goldman Sachs
$ 1941 M152
$ 13,635 M23
X No. of Automotive Start-ups
1. Transport Tech
2. Aftermarket/Dealerships
Top Investors
1. Lumina Capital
1. Transport Tech
2. Connected Cars
Top Investors
1. Poalim Capital Markets (PCM)
2. Pitango Venture Capital
3. BRM Capital Gemini Israel Ventures
4. Jerusalem Global Ventures
1. Telematics
2. Fuel Technology
Top Investors
1. Atomico
2. StarupBootcamp
1. Transport Tech
2. Connected Cars
Top Investors
1. Tata Capital
2. GIC
3. India Value Fund Advisors Private Limited
4. RNT Associates
1. Transport Tech
Top Investors
1. Alibaba
2. China Investment Corporation
3. Tencent Holding
1. Transport Tech
Top Investors
1. High-Tech Gruenderfonds
USA
Canada UK
Germany China
IndiaIsrael
Automotive Start-up Hot spots

Automotive Start-up Landscape Trends
7
Disaggregation of the Automotive Value Chain
Penetration of software in to the car has led to the emergence of multiple
players within the Automotive Ecosystem, thereby disaggregating the entire
value chain
1
Autonomous, Electric & Ride-Sharing
With increasing need for safer, cheaper & eco-friendly transport and with
the advent of AI & on-demand services, Autonomous Technologies, Electric
Vehicles & Ride-Sharing are the hottest technology areas in the automotive
start-up landscape
2
Bay Area – Hotbed for Automotive Innovation
Being the hub for software innovation globally, Bay Area has thereby
developed the ecosystem necessary to nurture Automotive Innovation
3
OEMs & Tier 1s Collaboration with Start-ups
With disruption and competition increasing from start-ups, the OEMs and
Tier 1s are resorting to different ways to collaborate and co-innovate with
the Start-ups
4
Tier 1s – Aggressive Acquirers
Disaggregation of the Automotive Value chain has left the Tier 1 suppliers at
the risk of becoming irrelevant. Hence, the Tier 1s are on an acquisition
spree to increase their capabilities in Software
5
Interest from Non-Automotive Corporates
Corporate VCs from sectors that are Non-Automotive like Financials
Services, Internet Companies, Electronics Manufacturers have made
investments in the Automotive Start-ups
6
Rise of New Revenue Models
Increase in adoption of Software & IoT has led to rise of new revenue
models like commission model, advertising model & licensing model
7

The Tech Stacks of today are more intangible with the tangible components
increasingly commoditized
9
$ 60 Mn
INFOTAINMENT
BATTERY TECH
SAFETY & SECURITY
AI & COMPUTER
VISION
ADAS
POWERTRAIN
AFTERMARKET
INFRASTRUCTURE
DATA PLAYERS
OEMS
CONNECTED CAR
$ 18 Mn
$ 50 Mn
$ 28 Mn $ 558 Mn
$ 41 Mn
$ 183 Mn
$ 10 Mn
$ 2185 Mn
$ 372 Mn
$ 3400 Mn
$ 152 Mn
LIDAR & RADAR
Electric Autonomous Gas
EV Charging Parking Solutions
Alternative Vertical Start-ups that includes Ridesharing and
other services (Legal, Financial, Media) for the Automotive
Industry has received close to $ 34 Bn Funding
XX Total Funding in Technology Area
1

A deep dive into Tech Stacks shows that the industry has become more granular
10
Connected Car
Alternative Verticals
Infrastructure OEM Powertrain Infotainment
Tier 1 Vehicle &
Driver Safety
Aftermarket &
Dealership
Autonomous Data
Player
1

Technology Sub Stacks have gradually evolved and matured over the years
11
OEMs
New Age Material
& Manufacturing
Powertrain
Vehicle Driver
& Security
Autonomous
Infotainment
Connected
Car
Aftermarket &
Dealerships
Alternative
Vertical
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Driver Safety New Age Fleet
Management
Analytics &
Platform
Transit Info OTA
Augmented DisplayDashboard Entertainment
Lidar AI & Computer VisionADAS
Passenger Security Anti-Theft System Cybersecurity
Hybrid & Electric Alternative Fuel
Engine Efficiency
New Age Materials
Gas Powered OEMs EV OEM Autonomous OEM
Social Network
BFSI
Advanced
Services
On Demand
Cabs
Alternative
Transport
Traditional
Aftermarket
Traditional
Dealership
Dealership/Used
Car Aggregator
Aftermarket Aggregator
New Age Aftermarket
New Age Dealership
Size of bubble indicates relative no. of startups in each Tech Stack
On Demand
Cabs is the
most funded
with most no. of
startup players
Autonomous
Car OEM & OTA
startups are the
latest buzz
Aggregators &
Marketplaces
have a lot of
players but New
Age
Dealerships are
Maturity (Mean Year of Establishment)
2

Transport Tech and Electric & Autonomous OEMs are the hottest areas of focus
12
-10
0
10
20
30
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Maturity (Founding Year – Mean, Median)
InvestmentPerStart-up(Funding/No.ofstart-ups)
Size of bubble indicates relative no. of start-ups in each Tech Stack
Transport Tech
Electric/Autonomous
OEMs
Autonomous Tech
Connected Car
Vehicle & Driver Security
Infotainment
New Age Materials &
Manufacturing
Powertrain
Infrastructure
Data
Player
Tier 1
Aftermarket &
Dealerships
High Investment
Mid Investment
Low Investment
With 10X funding, this is the hottest
are in the value chain
TRANSPORT TECH
Electric Vehicles & Autonomous
Vehicles start-ups have been the next
major focus area for investments
NEW AGE OEMS
2

Autonomous Technology/ADAS Start-up Landscape
13
2
ADAS
$ 28 Mn in investments
AI & Computer Vision
Autonomous OEMs
LIDAR & RADAR
5 10
5
2
Autonomous
Technology/ADAS
Total Funding
$ 1186 Mn
Rest Of America
Bay Area
Europe
Asia
Where are they from?
1
Canada
1
Israel
ACQUISITIONS
GM acquired Cruise in 2016 & since then is
testing its own fleet of self-driving cars
Delphi acquired Ottomatika in 2015 and
posted big profits for the next quarter

Across OEMs, Tier Is and Start-ups, Autonomous car technologies is a big
focus area
14
2
OEMs have shown increased focus on
developing ADAS and autonomous
capabilities They are not relying on Tier Is
for the same.
~USD 6
Billion
R&D SPEND ON
AUTONOMOUS CARS* IN 2015.
Toyota announced USD 1 BN spend in
next 5 years
Tier Is are working on their own Autonomous
driving modules, which they intend to supply to
OEMs.
Bosch Highway Pilot is expected to be
in production by 2020
Tier Is
Ride share companies ultimately aim to provide
autonomous cars who will ply on demand.
Ride Share Companies
New players like Mobileye are disrupting the market
by solely focusing on Autonomous car modules.
New Tier Is
Technology Companies like Google and Apple
are also working on autonomous car modules.
Tech Mafias
Uber has started testing its autonomous car in
Philadelphia, US
They currently supply chipsets for Tesla
Model S
Google is investing USD 30 MN YoY
on autonomous cars
OEMs

OEMs & Ride sharing companies are increasingly partnering with Autonomous
Technology companies
15
2
Ridesharing company partnership with Autonomous Car startup
Singapore based On Demand Cabs company, Grab partnered with Nutonomy to leverage Nutonomy’s
Autonomous Cars for its ridesharing business
Sensor company moving into ADAS
Through the collaboration, Quanegy aims to become the leader in Lidar Sensors whereas Sensata aims
to extend its sensing capabilities into ADAS applications
Low Cost Lidar Sensors
The partnerships are meant to bring the Lidar tech into commercial market segment by reducing cost
Third Party Technology Integration
These partnerships with Non-Auto Players help in leveraging relevant robotics technology from the
partners
Display Equipment for Automotive
i4Drive plans to develop special display equipment for Automotive industry that shows ADAS statistics.
Ricoh being a leading electronics company can help in building the display for the equipment
Next Gen Driver Monitoring
The cooperation intends to assess ‘user readiness’ to take over driving in partially autonomous systems
which is extremely important in Level 3 Autonomous Vehicles
Integration of Low Power Vision Processing & Skeltal Tracking & Gesture Control
The partnerships intends to combine Videantis’s low power vision processing IP Platform with Gestigon’s
Skeletal tracking & Gesture Control as well comfort and security features

Battery Technology Start-up Landscape
16
2
Lithium Battery Tech
EV OEMs
EV Charging Infrastructure
Electric Conversion Kits
$ 15.6 Mn in investments
Hybrid Engines
$ 2.2 Mn in investments
38 24
12
8
Battery Technology
Total Funding
$ 2844 Mn
Rest Of America
Bay Area
Europe
Asia
Where are they from?
PARTNERSHIPS & ACQUISITIONS
Bosch has acquired SEEO in Aug, 2015
in a rare move of a Tier 1 moving into
battery tech space
OSVehicle has developed an open source EV
car platform which Uber is utilizing to build
its autonomous car fleet

There are multiple start-ups based out of Silicon Valley and China who are
involved in Electric Car Development
17
2
Nissan
45-50%
GM
15-20%
Daimler
10-12%
Tesla
12-13%
PSA 3-4%
Ford
3-4%
Renault
2-3%
Others
2-3%
Currently, the traditional auto manufacturers dominate
this market, with the exception of Tesla
EV – Sales 2015
Total Sales – 400,000 | Growth ~100% YoY
Alex Lightning Car Company
Alpha Lujo NextEV
Atieva Obvio
Coda Auto Phoenix Motorcars
Colmac Quixera
Eday Rimac
Electrovaya Saba Motors
Faraday Futures SIM Drive
Fisker Switch Vehicles
Hybrid Technologies Universal Electric Vehicle Corp
Liberty Electric Zotye
However, there are 22 new companies who have
announced around 30 models to be launched by 2020.

Bay Area has emerged as the global automotive Start-up hotspot
18
Bay Area
Total Funding
USD 16.1 Bn
Rest of the World
Top Corporate Investors in Auto Tech in the Bay Area
Automotive Technology Start-ups & Funding
Total Funding
USD 18.7 Bn
220
Start-ups
760
Start-ups
3

Bay Area has emerged as the Automotive innovation hub because of Leaders
who drove the first wave of innovation
19
Autonomous
Electric
In Car
Experience
New Age
Infotainment
Ride Share
To invest $1 billion in SFO over next five years in AI
and self-driving cars R&D
Bay Area
Drivers Followers
Invests $182 million next-gen cloud computing
firm Pivotal for self-driving tech; developed aDrive
gaming atmosphere for autonomous test driving
Opened R&D center in Sunnywale focusing on HMI
based virtual dashboard (DICE) and content delivery
Emerging Players
Ford Research & Innovation Center, Palo Alto, is
working with Carbon 3D to make elastomer
grommets for Ford Focus Electric
Mountain View and Palo Alto team work on HMI,
Sensor technology; created controller of iDrive
Partnered with Lyft to start ride sharing taxi trial within
a year
Tests its car sharing service DriveNow in Seattle, taking
On Car2Go
ERL integrated Google Earth maps into Audi’s navigation
System; a development hub for VW Group’s
new modular infotainment toolkit
Joint Research center with Argonne Laboratory
focusing on Li- Ion Batteries research
3

Snapshot of the Automotive Start-ups in Bay Area
20
Acquired
3
8903
Ride Sharing135
Autonomous Cars
57
Powertrain
297
Aftermarket and
Dealership
174
Infrastructure
463
OEMs
108
Connected Cars
116
Advanced Services
41
Infotainment
6
Vehicle and Driver
Security
27
Social Network
90
Car Pricing
30
Alternative Transport
Automotive Startup Funding in Bay Area in $ Mn Start-up
Charging
Infrastructure
149
Technology
Total Funding
in $ Mn
Electric Vehicle 131
Battery Tech 43.6
Navigation 35.3
Battery Tech 34.5
Autonomous Cars 30
Heads Up Display 26.8
Top Funded Start-ups
USD 16.1 Bn Funding 220 Start-ups

70+ Accelerators set up by global
corporations around the world
14
9
48Bay Area
Germany
India Hong Kong
6
Israel
6
United Kingdom
6
Rest of Asia Pacific
10
Rest of America
14
Rest of Europe
xx No of start-up accelerators
in established location
No of start-up accelerators in
emerging location
Legend:
8 Accelerators set up by Automotive
companies
Global OEMs & Tier 1s are adopting several engagement models to collaborate
with Automotive Start-ups across the globe
21
Cross Industry Tie-ups
Strategic Collaborations
Venture Capital Arms
Accelerator Programs
Acquisitions
OEMs & Tier 1s are engaging with start-ups through multiple avenues
General Motors Ventures
SAIC Motors in energy vehicles and
powertrains
Acquired myTaxi, RideScout to get
talent and tech in Ride Sharing
BMW Startup garage
BMWiVentures
Strategic alliance with Toyota in hydrogen
fuel cells, vehicle electrification, sports car
BMW’s collaborated with Microsoft for
cloud computing services
Bosch India Accelarator Program
Partnership with a security
startup GhangorCloud in US
Acquired Connected car start-up
Ottomatika
Delphi Venture Capital
Acquired Cruise Automation, SideCar to
enhance Telematics, autonomous tech
Partnership through Apple
Carplay
Robert Bosch Venture Capital
Gmbh
Acquired SEEO for dry solid
polymer technology
Bosch entered healthcare market India
with telemedicine collaboration
NXP and Delphi enter partnership
in automotive electronics
Delphi Connect powered by
Microsoft Azure
4

The intensity of collaborations is highest in the Bay Area
22
Venture Capital Arms Accelerator PartnershipsOpen Innovation Labs
Honda set up an open innovation
lab for R&D in connected vehicles,
HMI, big data and apps
Volkswagen’s Electronics Research
Lab focusses on ADAS,
autonomous driving, HMI and
mobility solutions
GM’s advanced technology lab
in Silicon valley is a listening
post to identify high relevance
star-ups for collaboration
Mobility
Advanced Materials,
EV and Infotainment
1st Ranked Start-up
Ecosystem in the world >120
Auto Technology Start-
ups across all stages
$ 14 B +
Total Funding received
by auto start-ups since
2005
>2K
Investors residing in the
Bay Area
Silicon Valley is home to the most mature and diverse start-up ecosystem in the
world
10
Venture Capital Arms set up
by automotive companies
6
Accelerators set up by
automotive companies
4

Tier 1s are acquiring aggressively as compared to the OEMs
23
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
OEM Tier 1
AverageAcquireeMaturity
Low
High
Acquisition Year
• Autonomous Technology
• Connected Car
• On-demand Services
• Electric Powertrain
• Connected Car
• Infotainment
• Infotainment
Technology
Focus
Bubbles indicate acquisitions by OEMs or Tier 1s
5

OEM acquisitions are limited and inclined towards Transport Tech…
24
OEM
Materials
Acquisitions by OEMs
Connected Car
Powertrain
Tier 1
Infotainment
Autonomous
Transport Tech
5

…while Tier 1s are focused on increasing their capabilities in Connected Car
Technology & Infotainment through acquisitions
25
Infotainment
Acquisitions by Tier 1s
Connected Car
Powertrain
Transport Tech
Autonomous
Tier 1
OEM
Materials
5

Case Examples: Harman, Bosch & Continental – aggressively investing in
acquiring/incubating software capabilities
26
Infotainment
Lifestyle Audio Systems
Professional Audio Systems
Maps and Navigation
Product portfolio Then – Only Hardware Product portfolio Now – Software Focus
Organic
Acquisition
2005 2015
Cloud based Analytics Platform
Infotainment content provider
Navigation Solution
Software Prod. Development
Specialized Software
Infotainment solutions
Cybersecurity
IOT Middleware
IOT Cloud Suite
Embedded Software
and Services
Multimedia Solutions
Battery
Technologies
5

Corporate Investors from Non-Automotive verticals are making significant bets in
the Automotive ecosystem
27
6
Telecommunication
104
Non-Auto
Corporate Investors
SemiconductorInternet Tech Mafia
Travel
Electronics
Others
Investment Focus
Transport Tech
Aftermarket & Dealerships
Advanced Services
Autonomous
Connected Car
Data Player
OEM
Powertrain
High Medium Low
Investment Focus Intensity

Revenue Models like Commission model & Advertising model are becoming more
prevalent in the Auto Landscape with higher penetration of software in the cars
28
20%
16%
20%
19%
15%
24%
13%
10%
13%
12%
10%
13%
9%
7%
2005 -2009 2010-2015
Production Model Fee-for-service Model Comission Model
Licensing Model One Time Payment Model Advertising Model
Commission
Model
Advertising
Model
Production
Model
Licensing
Model
Grew by 9%,
majorly driven by
ride-sharing
start-ups
Driven by Navigation
& Infotainment
Increased by 3 %
Highest
Decrease (4%)
Decreased
By 3%
Percentage share of Revenue Models
Founding Year
7

Bangalore
69 "Prathiba Complex",
4th 'A' Cross,
Koramangala 5th Block,
Bangalore-560 095.
Phone: +91-80-41127925/6
Singapore
Level 42, Suntec Tower Three
8 Temasek Boulevard
Singapore 038988
Phone:+65 6829 2123
Texas
21, Waterway Ave
Suite 300
The Woodlands
TX-77380 USA
Phone:+1-281-362-2773
Beijing
Meilifang Tower 4, Entrance
4, 10/F #1003,
11 Beiyuan Shuangying
Road,
Chaoyang District, Beijing
China 100012
Thank You
Gurgaon Office:
First Floor,
Plot no. 131, Sector 44,
Gurgaon-122002,
Phone: +91 124 4420100
California Office
3080 Olcott Street
Suite A125,
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: +408-716-8432
Thank You
www.geip.zinnov.com

Automotive Start-Up Tech Mapping (1/2)
31
Alternative
Vertical
Tier 1
Automotive
Wiring Cables
Regenerative
Suspension System
Car Design &
Development
Engine & Truck Parts
Nut Manufacturer
Power Steering
Systems
OEM
EV
OEM
Disabled
Friendly
Electric
Tricycles
Full Electric
Vans
Electric Stand
Up Cycles
Foldable
Electric Bike
Solar + Pedal
Electric Trike
Full Electric Bike
Electric
Motorcycle Pods
Battery EV
Supercar
Electric
Assist Pedal
Trike
Motion Activated
Electric Unibike
Full Autonomous
Car
Full Autonomous
Truck
Gas
Powered
OEM
High Mileage
Low Cost Trike
Sleek Design
Bicycle
Manufacturer
Hybrid
Commercial
Vehicles
Rugged Vehicles
Manufacturer
Luxury Bus
Design Company
Autonomous
OEM
AC Solution
for Buses
Auto Glass
Repair
Traditional
Aftermarket
Anti Rattle
Windows
Auto Detailing
Traditional Fleet
Management
Car Restoration &
Restyling
Companion
Bicycle Seats
Emergency
Vehicle
Upfitting
Aftermarket
&
Dealerships
Aftermarket
Aggregator
Bike Parts &
Accessories
Marketplace
Car Parts &
Accessories
Marketplace
Car Repair &
Maintenance
Marketplace
Car Wash
Locator
EV Parts &
Accessories
Marketplace
Car
Graphics &
Artwork
Marketplace
Tyre
Marketplace
Car Purchase
marketplace
Dealership/
Used Car
Aggregator
Car Auction
Information
Listing
Rugged Vehicle
Information
Listing
EV
Marketplace
Heavy Duty
Vehicle
Marketplace
Vintage Car
Marketplace
P2P Used Car
Marketplace
Vehicle Information
Listing & Price
Comparison
Motorcycle Clothing
& Protection Gear
Paintless Dent
Removal
Car Tuning
Parts
New Age
Aftermarket
Aerodynamic
Wheel Covers
Motorcycle
Smart Brake
Lights Module
Alcohol
Detection
Biosensor
Driver Safety
Windshield
Nanofilm
Emojis
Windshield
Sticker
OBD
Supplier
Wheel
Nut
Securing
Device
Traditional
Dealership
Car Dealership
Motorcycle
Dealership
New Age
Dealership
Honda Car Online
Dealership
Full Online
Dealership
Roadside
Assistance
Advanced
Services
Auto
Consulting
Car Valet Advance
Booking
On Vehicle
Advertising
On Demand Enterprise
Advertising
Vehicle
Towing
Alternative
Transport Autonomous
Flying Cars
Electric Boats
Glides Manufacturer
Hybrid Electric
Hovercraft
Maglev Enabled
PRT
Transport
Tech
Intercity Tech
Bus Operator
Route Optimized
Buses for Events
Vehicle Loop Transit
Bidding Based On
Demand Cabs
Ecommerce
to Car
Delivery
On Demand
Mixed
Mode
Commuting
Freight
Management
& Services
Hyperlocal
Packaging
Delivery
All Inclusive Transit
Information
On Demand Junk
Removal & Recycling
P2P Car Rental
P2P
Car sharing
On Demand
Shuttles
New Age
Car Rental
Media &
News
Auto Ads
Aggregator
Auto
Enthusiast
Newsbytes
Social
Network
Social Network &
Ecommerce
Website
Aggregator
Auto Enthusiast
Social
Community
Carpooling Social
Network
Legal
Certificate of
Conformity
Crash Scene
Investigation Vehicle
Registration
Renewals
Car Reviews &
Road Tests
Car Reviews &
Blogs
Child Carpooling
Social Network
BFSI
Car FinancingCar Financing Buyer-
to-Bank Marketplace
Savings
Top up Platform
Car Pricing &
Financial Information
Listing
Insurance Claims
Management
Payment Solution
for Car Dealerships
Pay Per Mile
Insurance
Car Insurance
Buy Marketplace

Automotive Start-Up Tech Mapping (2/2)
32
Connected
Car
Autonomous
Infotainment
Vehicle &
Driver
Security
Powertrain
New Age
Materials &
Manufacturing
P2P Parking
Ticket Alert
Infrastructure
EV
Charging
Behaviour
based EV
Chargers EV Chargers
Test
Equipment
EV Charging
Infrastructure
Management
Software
EV
Charging
Station
EV Charging
Station
Locator
EV Wireless
Charging Pads
P2P EV Charging
Portable EV
Chargers
Smart EV
Charging
Cables
Solar Shaded EV
Charging Station
Gas
Refill
On Demand
Gas FiIling
On
Road
Parking
Solution
s
Parking Spot
App Locator
Car Parking
Garage Spot
Reservation
Digital Parking
Payment
P2P Car
Garage
Parking
Bicycle
Stands &
Pumps
Digital Valet
Parking
Parking Payment
Gateway
Data
Player
Infrastructure
Data Aggregator
Data Aggregator &
Predictive Analytics
Vehicle
History
Reports
ADAS
Lidar &
Radar
Lidar &
Radar
AI Software for
Self Driving Cars
Autonomous
Car Kit
AI/Camera
Based
Driver &
Health
Monitoring
Autonomous
Vehicle
Operating
System
Driver
Safety
App Based
Vehicle & Driver
Health Monitoring
EDR Based
Vehicle & Driver
Health
Monitoring
SDK Based Vehicle &
Driver Health
Monitoring
OBD + Dashboard
Based Vehicle &
Driver Health
Monitoring Motorbike Crash
Detection App
Motion
Activated
Phone Lock
Vehicle &
Asset
Tracking
New Age
Fleet
Manage
Fleet
Management
Software
OBD Based
Electronic
Logbook
Truck
Platooning
OTA
SOTA &
FOTA
Updates
GPS &
Navigation
Car Satellite
Antenna
Digital Signal
Processing
Dash
board
Augmented
Display
Anti Theft
System
Passenger
Security
Cyber
security
Hybrid &
Electric
Low Cost Hybrid
Diesel Engine
Electric
Conversion
Kit
Hybrid EV
Truck Engine &
Architecture
Hybrid Gearbox
Electric
Turbochargers
Supercapacitor
Carbon Battery
Alternative
Fuel
CNG Conversion
Kit
PEM Hydrogen
Fuel Cells
Engine
Efficiency
New Age
Materials
Electric Vehicle
Exterior Body
Platform
New Age
Manufacturing3D
Laser
Cutting

Tech Attributes Definitions (1/2)
33
Infrastructure
Any technology independent of the car itself but
essential to the automotive industry. An infrastructure
technology acts as a support mechanism to the
movement of vehicles providing gas, parking, charging
facilities etc.
EV Charging
As an electric vehicle needs charging support structure,
this sub stack includes EV Charging Stations, Solar
Shaded EV Chargers, EV Wireless Charging Pads etc.
Gas Refill
Infrastructure
Some new age gas refill solutions involve on demand gas
refill or RFID based payments on a gas refill. This sub
stack includes all gas refill solutions.
On Road
If energy/information lost can be recaptured outside the
car (like piezoelectric/thermoelectric tech or Real Time
Traffic Monitoring), then it would fall under On Road Sub
Stack.
Parking
Solutions
Parking being one of the oldest automotive
infrastructure problems, Parking Apps, Digital Valet,
Parking Payment Gateway etc. would fall under this
category.
Data Player
With the increasing use of software in automotive, there
inadvertently emerge players who aggregate the
colossal data created, apply predictive analytics and
create insightful customized reports. These are pure play
data players.
OEM
Startups which manufacture full cars. It could be fully
autonomous, fully electric vehicles or Gas Powered
Vehicles with Higher Mileage or Sleek Designs.
Tier 1
This stack includes Tier-1 companies that are exclusive
of any of the other Tech Stacks like Connected Car,
Autonomous etc. These startups can be thought of as
traditional Tier-1 players who are low on innovation.
Areas include Car Design, Wiring Cables, Suspension
Systems, Nut Manufacturers, Power Steering Etc.
Autonomous
Self Driving Cars have been classified into five
levels according to SAE; Level 5 where the full car is
made has not been included here (refer OEM). Any
technology which helps a car drive itself is
classified under 'Autonomous'.
ADAS
Collision Avoidance, Lane Departure Warning,
Skeleton Tracking, Gesture Control, Proximity
Detection, Parking Assist all assist drivers and help
in achieving a fully autonomous vehicle.
Gas Refill
Infrastructure
AI is still not included in all ADAS Solutions & still in
very nascent stages in the automotive industry.
This would include AI based Operating Systems, AI
based Driver Monitoring etc.
Lidar &
Radar
Although Lidar Technology ultimately helps in
achieving ADAS solutions, there are some
companies that only make these sensors without
worrying about helping this technology achieve
Collision Avoidance or Lane Departure Warning.
These are included under Lidar & Radar.
Driver Security
Technologies which help augment security in a
vehicle
Anti Theft
System
Companies which work on Biometric Lock
Authentication, Stolen Vehicle Map Locator etc.
Passenger
Security
Some companies work on Child Passenger Seats,
Passenger Securing Devices (for emergency
braking) etc.
Cybersecurity
With increasing use of software, automotive
cybersecurity has become an independent entity in
and of itself.
New Age
Materials &
Manufacturing
Companies involved in Carbon Ceramic Brakes,
Nanofiber Battery Separators, High Pressure Fuel
Cylinder Material, Metal Lubricity Technology;
Technologies like Intelligent Drawing & Stamping,
3D Laser Cutting etc.
Connected
Car
Any car connected to the Internet is
technically termed as Connected Car.
Connected Car aims at interconnecting
everything automotive to the Internet of
Things and in the process increase
efficiency, data optimization & create
novel mechanisms for Driver Safety.
Driver Safety
App, EDR, OBD based Driver & Vehicle
Health Monitoring, Vehicle & Asset
Tracking all are new age technologies that
wirelessly capture information integral
and previously hidden in the car, process
it on proprietary servers and helps in
driver safety in real-time.
New Age Fleet
Management
Old Age Fleet Management on written
logbooks, phone based truck driver
communications etc. are now largely
defunct and have been replaced by
Connected Car technologies like OBD
based Electronic Logbooks, Truck
Platooning Apps etc.
OTA
Today increasingly, the ECU of a car does
not have to be taken over to an
aftermarket services company for
updates. With Software-over-the-air &
Firmware-over-the-air, OTA technologies
have revolutionized the updates
processes of the car..
GPS &
Navigation
Some Novel GPS mechanisms like Digital
Signal Processors (DSP) or Car Satellite
Antennas are being used today that
create alternate GPS Data capture
mechanisms or increase accuracy &
reliability of digital communications (and
thus help in navigation). These are
included under 'GPS & Navigation'.

Tech Attributes Definitions (2/2)
Infotainment
With changing consumer demands, comes widespread
use of alternate media & entertainment display
technologies like dashboards, HUD etc. These
technologies are typically entertainment related but
require a great deal of processing whether on external
servers or in-car processing units.
Entertainmen
t
Dashboard
Augmented
Display
Any display apart from usual Dashboards which help in
Driver Interaction. This sub stack includes various kinds
of Heads Up Display (Helmet Mounted, Smartphone
projected, Holographic HUD) or Smartphone Smart
Docks.
Voice-controlled, smartphone-integrated dashboards
with custom UI Design software are included here.
Dashboards are typically electronic screens that enable
drivers to interact effectively with various in-car calls,
reminders, GPS maps etc.
Powertrain
Powertrain includes new age technologies that help in
transmitting power from engine (or battery) to axle. This
stack could include alternative fuel or hybrid engine
companies..
Aftermarket
&
Dealerships
As the name suggests, all startups involved in
aftermarket products or are full dealerships
(premium or independent dealership) will fall
under this category
Aftermarket
Aggregator
This Sub Stack includes Parts & Accessories
Marketplace, Car Services (Wash, Repair) App
Locator, Car Graphics Aggregator etc. It does
not include full car marketplaces.
Technologies meant for purely Entertainment purposes
like Car Internet Radio etc.
Hybrid &
Electric
Companies working on Electric Conversion Kits, Lithium
Battery Technology, Electric Turbochargers, Hybrid
Diesel Engines etc..
Alternative
Fuel
Powertrain technologies apart from Petrol or Electric -
like PEM Hydrogen Fuel Cells, CNG Conversion Kit etc.
Engine
Efficiency
There are many new age ways of improving efficacy of
traditional cylinder engines which involve cylinder
deactivation algorithms, self recharge engines, better
drivetrain coupling technology etc.
Dealership/
Used Car
Aggregator
This sub stack include full car marketplaces:
EV Marketplace, Vintage Cars Marketplace,
Car Auction Information Listing, Heavy Duty
Vehicle Marketplace etc.
Traditional
Aftermarket
Startups that sell Aftermarket Products which
are low on innovation: AC Solutions, Glass
Repair, Auto Detailing, Car Painting, Vehicle
Upfitting etc.
New Age
Aftermarket
Aftermarket Products which are high on
innovation: Aerodynamic Wheel Covers,
Alcohol Detection Biosensors, Driver Safety
Windshield Nanofilm, OBD Supplier, Emojis
Windshield Sticker
Alternative
Fuel
Old Age Dealership Companies which are
short on innovation
New Age
Dealership
Typical Solutions would incorporate VR
Technology in Online Dealership, 3D
Immersive Experience in Physical Dealerships,
Online Car Configurator & Simulator etc.
Alternative
Vertical
With the automotive industry evolving at
unprecedented pace, there are verticals
outside automotive which have started to
matter. Transport Tech, Flying Cars, Maglev,
On-Vehicle Advertising & so on. All these
outside players are part of this Tech Stack.
Services which typically are not part of
Aftermarket & which have provided essential
support structure to the Automotive Industry
but which have started to matter more and
more. This typically includes Car Valet
Booking, Towing, On Demand Valet, On
Vehicle Advertising & so on
Advanced
Services
Alternative
Transport
New Age Transport Mechanisms which do not
necessarily include on road vehicles but still
create impact on the automotive sector.
Maglev enabled Personal Transportation
System, Autonomous Flying Cars, Hyperloop
would typically fall under this category.
Transport
Tech
New Age Mobility Services like Ridesharing
have brought alternate mobility mechanisms
for the end consumer. Route Optimized
Buses, Cars-as-a-Public Transport, On Demand
Cabs, Freight Management Software, P2P Car
Rental, Personalised Cabdrivers are part of
this sub stack.
BFSI
There have always been financers, insurance
players as a support mechanism to the
automotive industry but Pay Per Mile
Insurance & Savings Topup are some startup
solution which have high impact potential.

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