Content in this presentation: 1. advantages of citizen journalism in crisis reporting; 2. advantages of citizen journalism in war reporting; 3.digital technologies; 4.the cooperation between professional journalism and citizen journalism.

1. Histories of Citizen Journalism “A new news medium” ----Jon Katz (1994) Zhimin Zhou (Jamie) Z3352365

2. Reasons for the rise of citizen journalism: The advantages of citizen journalism in crisis reporting The advantages of citizen journalism in war reporting The arrive of digital technologies

3. Citizen journalism in crisis reporting: London Riots

4. Citizen Journalism: The Guardian crowdsourcing experiment on coverage of London riots The Guardian uses a blog to do the coverage of London Riots—mixing official information with twitters, bloggers, videos and records sent by the crowed http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/blog/2011/aug/08/london-riots-third-night-live (The third night: live blog)

5. Citizen Journalism: The Guardian crowdsourcing experiment on coverage of London riots Josh Halliday, journalist of The Guardian, had started to source Blackberry Messenger broadcasts—to provide real-time updates and predictions about future incidents http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/aug/08/london-riots-facebook-twitter-blackberry (London riots: how BlackBerry Messenger played a key role)

6. James Ball: a data journalist of The Guardian “thanks to live reporting and tweeting from reporters and eyewitnesses, a clear picture of what happned, and its aftermath, is rapidly emerging” “the only people who can really shed light on why the riots took place are those who rioted, their friends, families and neighbors”

7. Citizen journalism in war reporting: Pictures from: http://article.wn.com/view/2011/08/21/Gaddafi_claims_attack_in_Tripoli_crushed/

8. Citizen journalism in war reporting: To Stuart Allan (2009) Warblogs provide “viewpoints about what life is like for ordinary Iraqis”, which “likely to be routinely ignored or trivialized in their country’s mainstream news media. Warblogs offer readers “a stronger sense of immediacy, an emotional feel for life on the ground”

9. Citizen journalism in war reporting: Growth of warblogging: Milblogging is a portal that indexes military blogs worldwide. Now Milblogging indexes over 1,800 military blogs in over 30 countries, including these written by troops deployed to the frontline of Iraq and Afghanistan http://milblogging.com/ (Milblogging)

12. Questions: What’s the biggest challenge for citizen journalism? How is user-generated content usually gathered and used? Does this follow ethical practice of professional journalism? Do you think citizen journalism benefits the public and traditional media industry?

13. Bibliography Allan, S 2006, Online news: journalism and the internet, Maidenhead and New York: Open University Press Halliday, J 2011, ‘London riots: how BlackBerry Messenger played a key role’, The Guardian, accessed 24th August 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/aug/08/london-riots-facebook-twitter-blackberry Citizen Journalism: The Guardian crowdsourcing experiment on coverage of London riots, accessed 24th August 2011, <http://www.crowdsourcing.org/editorial/citizen-journalism-the-guardian-crowdsourcing-experiment-on-coverage-of-london-riots/5904> The Guardian 2011, London riots: the third night – Monday 8 August 2011, weblog, accessed 24th August 2011, <http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/blog/2011/aug/08/london-riots-third-night-live> Milblogging 2011, the story of Milblogging.com, accessed 24th August 2011, <http://milblogging.com/about.php>