2. Introducing GIS concepts
• What is a GIS
• Five generic questions that a
sophisticated GIS can answer
• Components of geographic data
• GIS functions
2
3. Five generic questions that a
sophisticated GIS can answer
• Location
What is at ….?
• Condition
Where is it ?
• Trends
What has changed since … ?
• Patterns
What spatial patterns exists ?
• Modeling
What if … ?
2
8. GIS definition
An organized collection of computer hardware,
software,
geographic data & personnel
designed
to efficiently
capture ,
store,
update,
manipulate,
analyze ,
and display
all forms of geographically referenced information.
2
9. What is a GIS?
• An integration of five basic components
Procedures
A
2
14. Global Positioning Systems
• GPS is a revolutionary
navigation system
– 24 satellites orbiting the
earth
– Provide location within
metres or less anywhere on
the globe.
– Now available in many cars
as an option
15. Capturing data
Paper maps Digital data
GIS
Data
1,543.42 2223.54
2,582.32 5947.65
3,577.22 6548.52
4,857.66 9856.56
5,875.25 6582.12
Coordinates
GPS
2
17. Abstracting real-world entities
real-
Geographic
• Real-world
Real- entities can
be abstracted
database
into three basic shapes
Points Lines/Arcs/Routes Areas/Polygons/Regions
(Retail stores) (Streets) (Land uses)
2
18. Linking features and attributes
• Feature classes have an associated table
• Each feature has a record in the table
– Unique identifier links feature and attributes
FID = 4103
(Feature IDentifier)
2
19. Query
• Identifying features based on conditions
Landlocked
countries with
a population
greater than Uzbekistan
20,000,000
Ethiopia
A
2
20. What is a GIS?
(Geographic Information System)
• A Method of Organizing Data
– Geographic Data (Maps)
– Descriptive Data (Databases)
– Images
• A Method of Distributing Data
• A Method of Analyzing Data
• A Method of Visualizing Data
21. GIS – Describing Our World
We can describe any
element of our world
in two ways:
Attribute Information:
What is it?
Location Information:
Where is it? Species: Oak
Height: 15m
Age: 75 Yrs
Condition:
Good
51°N, 112°W
51° 112°
22. GIS - Links Datasets
• GIS software links the
location data and the
attribute data:
23. GIS - Analysis
• GIS software can answer Attribute Questions:
questions about our world:
What provinces have more
than 1.5 million people?
Spatial Questions:
What provinces border
Saskatchewan?
24. How GIS works
• In a GIS, different types of
information are represented
as separate map layers
• Each layer is linked to
descriptive information
• Layers are combined to make
a map
26. Summary - What is GIS?
• GIS is about using data to describe our
world in two ways:
– Location Data - Where is it?
– Attribute Data - What is it?
• GIS software maintains a link between
layers of location and attribute data
– With the link, we can ask questions about
our world…
35. School District Admin
• School mapping and
redistricting
• Enrollment analysis
• Facilities
management
• School
transportation
• Staff/student
location analysis
• School safety
36. Classroom Applications
• History
• Earth Science
• Social Studies
• Biology
• Environmental
Studies
• Political
Science
• Mathematics
• Economics
• Business
• Computer
Science
37. Creation of DEM
Gollalapale Bhilimili
m
Edulapaka
and
Bonangi
Bay of
Bengal
Nadupuru
Reserved
Forest
