Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Women Empowerment
1. Made By:Made By:
YASH SHAHYASH SHAH
yash6595@yahoo.comyash6595@yahoo.com
120110116038120110116038
2. Outline of the presentation
Background: Facts about India
Women in Modern Times
Education
Employment
Empowerment
Famous Faces Indian Women
Action
Conclusion
3. DEFINITIONDEFINITION
“Any act of gender-based violence that results in,
or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or
psychological harm or suffering to women and
girls, including threats of such acts, coercion or
arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring
in public or private life”.
4. Violence against women and girls isViolence against women and girls is
on the increase.on the increase.
More violent forms, such asMore violent forms, such as
femicide, acid attacks, ritual rapes and murders,femicide, acid attacks, ritual rapes and murders,
gang rapes, abductions, defilement and forced earlygang rapes, abductions, defilement and forced early
marriages,marriages,
Military sexual slavery, rape as a weapon of war,Military sexual slavery, rape as a weapon of war,
trafficking in women and girls andtrafficking in women and girls and
ill-treatment of widows have become more widespread.ill-treatment of widows have become more widespread.
6. Education
Gender gaps in higher education
○ About 1 percent of total women population
has college education
○ Women account for a third of the students at
college/university level
○ In engineering and business, the proportion of
female students is much smaller
○ In education, nearly half of the students are
women
7. Barriers to Female Education
Poverty: one-fourth of India’s population
lives below the poverty line (2002)
Social values and parental preferences
Inadequate school facilities
Shortage of female teachers: 29 percent at
the primary level and 22 percent at the
university level (1993)
Gender bias in curriculum
8. Employment
Difficult to get an overall picture of employment
among women
○ Most women work in the informal sector
Women accounted for only 23 percent of the
total workers in the formal sector in 1991
The number of female workers has increased
faster than the number of male workers
Female unemployment rates are similar to male
unemployment rates
9. Barriers to Female Employment
Cultural Restrictions
○ Hierarchical society (caste system)
○ Purdah system: the veiling and seclusion of women
Discrimination at Workplace
○ More prevalent in fields where male competition is high
○ Less prevalent in fields where competition is low
Lack of employment opportunities
10. Empowerment
Social Empowerment
Education
○ There is no direct relationship between education
and work force participation; but may affect their
participation in household decision making
Economic Independence:
○ Economic independence does not imply significant
improvement in social standing
○ Culture and tradition play an important role
○ A small fraction has opened up towards Western
values
11. Economic Empowerment
Property Rights
○ Patriarchal society
Economic Decision Making
○ In the household
○ In businesses
Political Empowerment
Representation in democratic institutions
Government reservations policy for women:
the constitutional amendment of 1990s
12. Famous Faces
Indira Gandhi
Mother Teresa
Mira Nair
Kalpana Chawla
Gurinder Chadha
Arundhati Roy
Jhumpa Lahiri
Aishwarya Rai
Sushmita Sen
15. Action Areas
Women availing servicesavailing services of public utilities
like road transport, power, water and
sanitation, telecommunication etc.
TrainingTraining of women as highly skilled workers-
top end skills
Research/TechnologyResearch/Technology for women
Women in the work force
Asset ownershipAsset ownership by women
Women as EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs
16. Implementation of Laws like
Equal remuneration
Minimum Wages
Factories Act
Infrastructure for women like
Water and sanitation at workplace
Creches
Working Women Hostels
Transport services
Security
17. To Conclude
“It is more important to create a general
awareness’ and understanding of the
problems of women’s employment in all
the top policy and decision making and
executive personnel. There is also the
special problem facing women like the
preference for male children for social
and cultural reasons. This will require
awareness, understanding and action.
The best way to do so is to educate the
children, orient the teachers, examine the
text books and teaching-aids and ensure
that the next generation grows up with
new thinking.”
Holistic approach to women’s empowerment: Social (education, health, status in family etc) Economic (asset ownership, share in income, skills, appropriate technology etc) Political (participation in decision making)