14. … one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
Input text QG-Net
15. … one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
Input text QG-Net
16. … one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance?
Input text QG-Net
Generated
question
17. … one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance?
Input text QG-Net
Generated
question
✓ Fluent
✓ relevant
41. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
42. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
43. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
44. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
45. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
46. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
47. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
48. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
49. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
50. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
51. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
52. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance?
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
53. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance?
LSTM
network
LSTM
network
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
54. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance?
LSTM
network
LSTM
network
Attention
mechanism
Copy
mechanism
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
55. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance?
LSTM
network
LSTM
network
Attention
mechanism
Copy
mechanism
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
1. D. Bahdanau et. al., 2014
2. A. See et. al., 2017
1
2
56. QG-Net
Reader Generator
… one of the positive
contributions of deviance is
that it fosters social change.
What is one of the positive
contributions of deviance?
LSTM
network
LSTM
network
Attention
mechanism
Copy
mechanism
✓ Fluent and relevant questions
✓ Adaptive to texts from various
subjects
0100010101
0100110100
1010001010
0111010101
01010101...
Intermediate
representation
58. Experiment overview
Source sentence
(from Wikipedia)
Answer
(selected from text)
Generated
question[ ]
● QG-Net learns to generate questions using SQuAD
Nikola Tesla was a
Serbian American
inventor, …
59. Experiment overview
Source sentence
(from Wikipedia)
Answer
(selected from text)
Generated
question[ ]
● QG-Net learns to generate questions using SQuAD
Nikola Tesla was a
Serbian American
inventor, …
Serbian American
60. Experiment overview
Source sentence
(from Wikipedia)
Answer
(selected from text)
Generated
question[ ]
● QG-Net learns to generate questions using SQuAD
Nikola Tesla was a
Serbian American
inventor, …
Serbian American
What is Tesla’s
nationality?
65. Experiment overview
● QG-Net learns to generate questions using SQuAD
● We test it on three OpenStax textbooks
○ Pre-processed the textbook texts to the same format as SQuAD
66. Experiment overview
● QG-Net learns to generate questions using SQuAD
● We test it on three OpenStax textbooks
○ Pre-processed the textbook texts to the same format as SQuAD
○ Compared to 2 of the best existing models (baseline11, baseline 22) 1. M. Heilman, 2010
2. X. Du et. al., 2017
67. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people’s reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
68. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
69. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
QG-Net: Along with education and race, what did Weber believe different groups
were affected by?
70. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
QG-Net: Along with education and race, what did Weber believe different groups
were affected by?
Baseline 1: What was education, race, and,?
71. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
QG-Net: Along with education and race, what did Weber believe different groups
were affected by?
Baseline 1: What was education, race, and,?
72. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
QG-Net: Along with education and race, what did Weber believe different groups
were affected by?
Baseline 1: What was education, race, and,?
Baseline 2: Along with education, race, race, and race, what other groups were
affected by the Kinsey scale?
73. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
QG-Net: Along with education and race, what did Weber believe different groups
were affected by?
Baseline 1: What was education, race, and,?
Baseline 2: Along with education, race, race, and race, what other groups were
affected by the Kinsey scale?
74. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
QG-Net: Along with education and race, what did Weber believe different groups
were affected by?
Baseline 1: What was education, race, and,?
Baseline 2: Along with education, race, race, and race, what other groups were
affected by the Kinsey scale?
75. Qualitative evaluation result #1 (Sociology)
Weber noted that different groups were affected differently based on education,
race and gender, and that people's’ reactions to inequality were moderated by
class differences and rates of social mobility, ...
QG-Net: Along with education and race, what did Weber believe different groups
were affected by?
Baseline 1: What was education, race, and,?
Baseline 2: Along with education, race, race, and race, what other groups were
affected by the Kinsey scale?
Chapter 12.1
Chapter 1.3
76. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson.
77. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson. Chapter 10.4
78. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson. Chapter 10.4
79. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson.
QG-Net: What act became one of the identifying characteristics of the age of
Jackson?
Chapter 10.4
80. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson.
QG-Net: What act became one of the identifying characteristics of the age of
Jackson?
Baseline 1: What did and subsequent displacement of the Creek, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfil the vision of a
white nation?
Chapter 10.4
81. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson.
QG-Net: What act became one of the identifying characteristics of the age of
Jackson?
Baseline 1: What did and subsequent displacement of the Creek, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfil the vision of a
white nation?
Chapter 10.4
82. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson.
QG-Net: What act became one of the identifying characteristics of the age of
Jackson?
Baseline 1: What did and subsequent displacement of the Creek, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfil the vision of a
white nation?
Baseline 2: What was the name of the act that caused a white nation to become a
white nation?
Chapter 10.4
83. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson.
QG-Net: What act became one of the identifying characteristics of the age of
Jackson?
Baseline 1: What did and subsequent displacement of the Creek, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfil the vision of a
white nation?
Baseline 2: What was the name of the act that caused a white nation to become a
white nation?
Chapter 10.4
84. Qualitative evaluation result #2 (History)
The 1830 Indian Removal Act and subsequent displacement of the Creek,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfilled the
vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying characteristics of the
age of Jackson.
QG-Net: What act became one of the identifying characteristics of the age of
Jackson?
Baseline 1: What did and subsequent displacement of the Creek, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the southeast fulfil the vision of a
white nation?
Baseline 2: What was the name of the act that caused a white nation to become a
white nation?
QG-Net:
✓ Generates fluent and relevant questions
✓ Is adaptive to text from various subjects
85. Human evaluation experiment
● We sample 150 sentences from each textbook
● We use the three models to generate questions
● Human evaluators evaluate the quality of generated questions
○ Fluency
○ relevance
● Human evaluators pick which question(s) could have been generated by human
○ Can choose none of them
88. Human evaluation results
Baseline 1
Baseline 2
QG-Net:
✓ Generates superior questions in terms of
both fluency and relevance
✓ Works well for inputs from various subjects
90. Human evaluation results
Baseline 1
Baseline 2
Perceptually, QG-Net generates questions of
superior quality than those generated by
baseline models.