EPA Clean Air Act Authority FOIA Email 8.28.03 (b)

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RECORD TYPE: FEDERAL (NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR:Khary I. Cauthen ( CN=Khary I Cauthen/OU=CEQ/O=EOP@Exchange [ CEQ I
CREATION DATE/TIME:28-AUG-2003 15:16: 8.00
SUBJECT: : co2 talking points sent by pa
TO:mformica~uschamber.com @ mnet ( mf rmica~uschamber.com @ mnet [ UNKNOWN
READ:UNKNOWN
TEXT:
…-----------Forwarded by Kiary I. Cauthen/CEQ/EOP on 08/28/2003
03:13 PM…-- - - - - -- - - - - - -
Notice of Denial of the Petition for ]PA to Regulate
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from M tor Vehicles
8/2 8/03
Action: EPA today (August 28, 2003) signed a notice denying a
petition to regulate greenhouse gas e issions from motor vehicles. The
Agency is denying the petition to regilate greenhouse gas emissions from
motor vehicles for three reasons:
1) EPA lacks aut ority under the Clean Air Act to
regulate C02 and other greenhouse gas s for climate change purposes;
2) The only prac ical way to reduce motor vehicle
emissions of C02 is to regulate fuel ?conomy, which is a task that
Congress has already assigned to DOT; and
3) EPA believes :hat regulating greenhouse gas
emissions from motor vehicles would b~ inappropriate at this time.
(See additional point3 below related to the reasons.)
In February 2002, President Bush anno nced an aggressive approach to
addressing climate change that encour ges substantial voluntary reductions
in GHG intensity and pursues fuel ecolomy improvements:
< ~ This approach sets a iational goal of reducing the GHG
intensity of the U.S. economy by 18 p rcent over the next ten years. This
strategy sets the U.S. on a path to s ow the growth of GHG emissions and,
as the science justifies, to stop and then reverse that growth.
< ~In taking prudent environmental action at home and
abroad, the U.S. is advancing a reali tic and effective long-term
approach, rather than adopting costly short-term measures whose benefit is
uncertain.
< ~ This policy supports 7ital climate change research, and
lays the groundwork for future action by investing in science, technology,
and institutions.
< ~In addition, the Pres dent=s policy emphasizes
international cooperation and promotes working with other nations to
develop an efficient and coordinated response to global climate change.
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< ~ EPA is building effic~ent and effective market-driven
programs that address the transportation sector=s contribution to climate
change. These programs include Climate Leaders, Energy Star, Smartway and
Best Workplaces for Commuters.
< I~n February 2 02, EPA launched Climate Leaders, a
voluntary industry- government partne ship under which companies work with
EPA to evaluate their GHG emissions, set aggressive reduction goals, and
report their progress toward meeting those goals. To date, more than 40
companies from almost all the most en rgy-intensive industry sectors have
joined.
< ~ EPA=s Energy Star is a voluntary labeling program
that provides critical information to businesses and consumers about the
energy efficiency of the products the~ purchase. Reductions in GHG
emissions from Energy Star purchases were equivalent to removing 10
million cars from the road last year.
< ~The Smartway transport partnership works with the
trucking and railroad industry to achieve cleaner and more efficient
vehicles and locomotives by adopting pollution control and energy saving
technologies. Smartway partners will develop and deploy
fuel-efficient technologies and practices to achieve substantial fuel
savings and emission reductions. Idling strategies alone have the
potential to save 1 billion gallons ol diesel fuel per year, while
reducing greenhouse gases by 2.5 MMTC1 and NOx by 200,000 tons.
< ~ Best Workplace for Commuters offers innovative
solutions to commuting in order to re uce vehicle trips and miles
traveled. We expect that 3.7 million employees will be covered by this
program in 2005.
< ~ EPA will also play a leadership role in advancing fuel
cell vehicle and hydrogen fuel techno ogies and policies to support the
U.S. environmental, energy and nation 1 security goals.
Additional talking points relating to (1), (2) and (3) above:
<No CAA provision spec fically authorizes climate change
regulation. A few sections mention c imate change, but these are limited
to non-regulatory measures.
<Congress has taken up the issue of climate change
numerous times over the past few year , but has not enacted legislation
that gives EPA authority to regulate HG emissions for climate change
purposes.
<Regulation of C02 and other GH~s for climate change
purposes would have enormous economic practical, and societal
implications, which certainly were no~ envisioned when the CAA was enacted
and amended.
<Under these circumsta ces, it would be inappropriate for
EPA to search for authority to regula e in an existing statute that was
not specifically designed or enacted :o deal with the climate change
issue.
< ~[In case questions cone up concerning the ACannon Memo@)
in determining that the CAA does not authorize regulation to address
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climate change, EPA adopted the conclusion reached by its current General
Counsel in a legal opinion reviewing relevant legal authorities and
withdrawing the opinion and statements of two former EPA General Counsels
who served in the prior Administration.
<Congress entrusted regulation of motor vehicle fuel
economy to DOT, not EPA. C02 emission standards set by EPA under the CAA
would effectively supplant fuel econoy standards set by DOT under the
Energy Policy Act, because the only practical way of reducing vehicle C02
emissions is to increase fuel economy.
< ~Establishing GHO emission standards for motor vehicles at
this time would be premature,-because it would require EPA to make
scientific and technical judgments without the benefit of the studies
being developed to reduce uncertainties and advance technologies.
< ~Establishing regulations now would result in an
inefficient, piecemeal approach to addressing the climate change issue,
because motor vehicles are only one of many categories of GHO emission
sources.
< ~Unilateral EPA regulation of motor vehicle GHG emissions
could also hamper U.S. efforts to persuade key developing countries to
reduce the GHG intensity of their economies.
Background of the Petition:
$ The petition was filec by the International Center for
Technology Assessment and 18 other technology, citizen and environmental
advocacy groups October 20, 1999.
$ The petition asserted that EPA is obligated to regulate
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from m tor vehicles under Section 202(a) (1)
of the Clean Air Act.
$ Section 202(a) (1) pro ides that Athe Administrator [of
EPA] shall by regulation prescribe ... in accordance with the provisions
of [section 202], standards applicable to the emission of any air
pollutant from any class or. classes of new motor vehicle . .. , which in his
judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be
anticipated to endanger public health or weltfare.@
$ Petitioners claim that EPA has a mandatory duty to
regulate GHG emissions from motor vehicles under Section 202 because EPA
has already determined that:
$ C02 and other GHGs are air pollutants under the
Clean Air Act; and
$ GHG emissions from motor vehicles contribute to
pollution that may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or
welfare.
To the contrary, EPA has not made findings that trigger a
mandatory duty under the CAA, even as uming the CAA authorized regulation
to address climate change.
$ ICTA and two other orcanizations (Sierra Club and
Greenpeace) have filed a lawsuit in t e U.S. District Court for DC seeking
to compel EPA to respond to the petit-on. Rather than engage in needless
and unproductive litigation, EPA has (ecided to take final action on the
petition at this time.
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(See attached file: C02 petition talkirg pts 8-28.2.wpd)
- ~~~~~ATTACHMENT 1 =
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7. Page 7 of 14
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11. Page 11 of 14
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15. * em~~~AS
1en4
Notice of Denial of the Petition for EPA to Regulate
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Motor Vehicles
/28/03
Action: EPA today (August 28, 2003) signed a notice denying a petition to regulate
greenhouse gas emissions fror motor vehicles. The Agency is denying the petition
to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons:
1) EPA lacks authority uer the Clean Air Act to regulate C02 and other
greenhouse gases for climate change purposes;
2) The only practical way to reduce motor vehicle emissions Of CO 2 is to
regulate fuel economy, which is a task that Congress has already assigned
to DOT; and
3) EPA believes that reguating greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles
would be inappropriate at this time.
(See additional points below r -lated to the reasons.)
addressing climate
In February 2002, President Bush announ ed an aggressive approach to
and pursues fuel
change that encourages substantial volunt ry reductions in GHG intensity
economy improvements:
This approach sets a national loal of reducing the GHG intensity of the U.S.
a
economy by 18 percent over the next ten years. This strategy sets the U.S. on
and
path to slow the growth of GI G emissions and, as the science justifies, to stop
then reverse that growth.
a
In taking, prudent environmental action at home and abroad, the U.S. is advancing
realistic and effective long-tem approach, rather than adopting costly short-term
measures whose benefit is un ertain.
This policy supports vital cli ate change research, and lays the groundwork for
future action by investing in science, technology, and institutions.
In addition, the President's p licy emphasizes international cooperation and
promotes working with other nations to develop an efficient and coordinated
response to global climate change.
the
EPA is building efficient and effective market-driven programs that address
transportation sector's contri uton to climate change. These programs include
Climate Leaders, Energy Sta., Smartway and Best Workplaces for Commuters.
In February 2002, EF A launched Climate Leaders, a voluntary industry-
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16. evaluate
government partnership under which companies work with EPA to
their
their GHG emissions, st aggressive reduction goals, and report
progress toward mneetin those goals. To date, more than 40 companies
from almost all the most energy-intensive industry sectors have joined.
critical
EPA's Energy Star is a voluntary labeling program that provides
information to business s and consumers about the energy efficiency of the
Star
products they purchase Reductions in GUG emissions from Energy
last
purchases were equival -nt to removing 10 million cars from the road
year.
The Smartway transpol partnership works with the trucking and railroad
by
industry to achieve cle ner and more efficient vehicles and locomotives
adopting pollution con ro and energy saving technologies. Smartway
partners will develop ad deploy fuel-efficient technologies and practices
to achieve substantial f el savings and emission reductions. Idling
fuiel per
strategies alone have t e potential to save 1 billion gallons of diesel
year, while reducing geenhouse gases by 2.5 MMTCE and NOx by
200,000 tons.
in
Best Workplace for Cc niniuters offers innovative solutions to commuting
million
order to reduce vehicle trips and miles traveled. We expect that 3.7
employees will be coy red by this program in 2005.
and hydrogen
EPA will also play a leadership role in advancing fuel cell vehicle
energy and
fuel technologies and policies to support the U.S. environmental,
national security goals.
Additional talking points relating to (1), ( ) and (3) above:
A few
No CAA provision specifically authorizes climate change regulation.
measures.
sections mention climate cha ge, but these are limited to non-regulatory
over the past
Congress has taken up the iss ae of climate change numerous times
few years, but has not enacted legislation that gives EPA authority to regulate GHG
emissions for climate change purposes.
would have
Regulation of C02 and other GHGs for climate change purposes
enormous economic, practice I, and societal implications, which certainly were not
envisioned when the CAA w is enacted and amended.
search for
Under these circumstances, i 'would be inappropriate for EPA to
designed or
authority to regulate in an existing statute that was not specifically
enacted to deal with the climate change issue.
Cd31F 2 as 4

17. [In case questions come up c ncerning the "Cannon Memo"] In determining
adopted
that the CAA does not authorie regulation to address climate change, EPA
the conclusion reached by its cirrent General Counsel in a legal opinio reviewing
two former
relevant legal authorities and withdrawing the opinion and statements of
EPA General Counsels who se ved in the prior Administration..
EPA.
Congress entrusted regulation )f motor vehicle fuel economy to DOT, not
fuel
C02 emission standards set b~EPA under the CAA would effectively supplant
economy standards set by DO" under the Energy Policy Act, because the only
practical way of reducing vehi le C02 emissions is to increase fuel economy.
be
Establishing GHG emission st mdards for motor vehicles at this time would
premature, because it would rc quire EPA to make scientific and technical
judgments without the benefit ofthe studies being developed to reduce
uncertainties and advance tec nologies.
to
Establishing regulations now, ould result in an inefficient, piecemeal approach
of many
addressing the climate change issue, because motor vehicles are only one
categories of GHG emission s urces.
Unilateral EPA regulation of motor vehicle GUG emissions could also hamper
U.S.
of their
efforts to persuade key devel ping countries to reduce the GHG intensity
economies.
Background of the Petition:
and
The petition was filed by the .ntemational Center for Technology Assessment
20, 1999.
18 other technology, citizen ad environmental advocacy groups October
* The petition asserted that EPA is obligated to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG)
Act.
emissions from motor vehicle s under Section 202(a)(1) of the Clean Air
* Section 202(a)(1) provides that "the Administrator [of EPA] shall by regulation
applicable
prescribe ... in accordance wit the provisions of [section 202], standards
to the emission of any air pollutant from any class or classes of new motor vehicle
...which in his judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may
reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare."
from
* Petitioners claim that EPA h sa mandatory duty to regulate GHG emissions
that:
motor vehicles under Section 202 because EPA has already determined
* C02 and other GHGE are air pollutants under the Clean Air Act; and
* GHG emissions fror motor vehicles contribute to pollution that may
t~e3 cr3 4

18. reasonably be anticipat d to endanger public health or welfare.
the
To the contrary, EPA has not ad findings that trigger a mandatory duty under
CAA, even assuming the CA authorized regulation to address climate change.
ICTA and two other organizat ons (Sierra Club and Greenpeace) have filed a
to the
lawsuit in the U.S. District Co rtfor DC seeking to compel EPA to respond
petition. Rather than engage i ineedless and unproductive litigation, EPA has
decided to take final action on the petition at this time.
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