Introduce therapeutic applications of EEG & QEEG in health and disease Know about Neurofeedback an emerging modality of treatment of disease where Drugs and surgery has limited effects. Overview Neurofeedback World Market size and Bangladesh Context Identify role of Engineers in the application of Neurofeedback and other Advanced Medical Brain imaging and Therapeutics. EEG stands for “electroencephalography” which is an electrophysiological process to record the electrical activity of the brain. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of brain activity. EEG measures changes in the electrical activity produced by the brain. Voltage changes come from ionic current within and between brain cells called neurons.  The electrodes of an EEG device capture electrical activity expressed in various EEG frequencies using an algorithm called a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), these raw EEG signals can be identified as distinct waves with different frequencies. Frequency, which refers to the speed of the electrical oscillations, is measured in cycles per second — one Hertz (Hz) is equal to one cycle per second. Brainwaves are categorized by frequency into four main types: Beta, Alpha, Theta and Delta. Quantitative igital processing of EEG signals consists of different components: signal acquisition unit, feature extraction unit, and a decision algorithm. The input to the system is an EEG signal acquired from the scalp, brain surface, or brain interior. The signal acquisition unit is represented by electrodes whether they are invasive or non-invasive. The feature extraction unit is a signal processing unit aiming to extract discriminative features from channel(s). The decision unit, in brain computer interface (BCI) for example, is a hybrid unit with the purpose of classification, decision-making, and passing the decisions to external devices outputting the intention of the subject. Electroencephalography (qEEG) is a procedure that processes the recorded EEG activity from a multi-electrode recording using a computer. This multi-channel EEG data is processed with various algorithms, such as the “Fourier” classically, or in more modern applications “Wavelet” analysis. The digital data is statistically analyzed, sometimes comparing values with “normative” database reference values. The processed EEG is commonly converted into color maps of brain functioning called “Brain maps”. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) is the analysis of the digitized EEG, and in lay terms this sometimes is also called “Brain Mapping”. In Neurofeedback (NF) the current parameters of EEG recorded from a subject’s head is presented to the subject through visual, auditory, or tactile modality, where the subject alters these parameters to reach a more efficient mode of brain functioning. Over the last 40 years, neurofeedback has been used to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions, and to improve cognitive function in various contexts.

1. EEG Signal Processing and
Application to the Neurofeedback:
Operant Conditioning of Brain &
Behaviors

2. Objectives

3. EEG Definition

5. The first human EEG recording by Hans Berger in 1924.

6. Types of Brainwaves that EEG
Measures

7. EEG signals waveform and frequency

8. 10-20 system

9. Different areas of the Brain

11. Digital processing of EEG

12. Quantitative EEG (qEEG)

13. EEG & QEEG

15. Brain
Map

16. Application of QEEG

17. Brain
Map

19. What is Neurofeedback

20.  Neurofeedback is a direct training of brain waves by which the
brain learns to function more efficiently. It's based on the idea
that you can consciously alter the way your brain functions using
real-time displays of your brain's electrical activity (known as
brainwaves). It is also called EEG (Electroencephalogram)
Biofeedback.
 It is non-invasive and a drug-free treatment, it teaches the brain
to self-regulate, strengthening neural pathways while increasing
mental endurance and flexibility.
What is Neurofeedback ?

21. “The whole of man’s life
stands in need of a
right rhythm.”

22.  In the late 1960s and 1970s, researchers discovered
that it was possible to recondition, retrain or learn
different brainwave patterns.
 Some of this work began with training to increase
alpha brainwave activity to increase relaxation, while
other work originating at UCLA focused on
uncontrolled epilepsy.
This brainwave training is called
Neurofeedback or EEG biofeedback .
Introduction

23.  Within every human brain can be found different types of
brainwave patterns.
 Several types of brainwaves are present at any given time, but
each brain area has a predominant pattern reflective of the current
mental state.
 These patterns can be measured and recorded by an
electroencephalogram (EEG), which can then be used to make a
‘map’ of an individual’s mental function.
Brain Waves

24. Brain Wave Characteristics

25. Brain Wave Patterns: Frequency Bands

26. Excesses or deficits of certain brainwaves in different
brain areas usually indicate a problem in mental
functioning.
Distinctive patterns are found in individuals with
problems such as ADHD, ASD, Learning disorder
,Depression and Anxiety etc.
Basis of Neurofeedback

27. QEEG
Brain Map

29.  In Neurofeedback (NF) the current parameters of
EEG recorded from a subject’s head is presented to
the subject through visual, auditory, or tactile
modality, where the subject alters these parameters
to reach a more efficient mode of brain functioning.
What is Neurofeedback ?

30. What is Neurofeedback ?

31. What is Neurofeedback ?

32.  Over the last 40 years, neurofeedback has been used to treat various
neurological and psychiatric conditions, and to improve cognitive
function in various contexts.
 It has been found to produce symptom relief and changes in brain
activity that endure over time in neuropsychological disorders.
Neurofeedback as Treatment &
Therapy

35.  Individual trains their brains to produce optimal brain
waves in definite functional brain areas through
neurofeedback and corrects spectral power, asymmetry,
coherences and phase differences in all frequency Bands
How Brain is Regulated

36. Neurofeedback Process
How neurofeedback is Given

37. How neurofeedback is Given

38.  In a typical Neurofeedback session a client sits in front of
a computer screen.
 electrodes placed on the trainee’s head, positioned as
training protocol enabling the computer to read the
trainee’s brainwave activity.
 The protocol means which frequency to be rewarded and
which to be inhibited, area of the brain to be trained.
 The frequencies targeted , and the specific locations on
the scalp are specific to the conditions.
How Neurofeedback work?

39. How neurofeedback is Given

40. How neurofeedback is Given

41. Typical NF Session

42.  The trainee is instructed to watch on a computer screen and
make a game work.
 The video display on the computer will work while the correct
patterns of brainwaves are detected, and will stop or fade if
the unproductive patterns are being used.
 In this way, trainee’s brainwave activity, of which they are
usually unaware, becomes ‘visible’ to them.
 Gradually, learning of new brainwave patterns takes place –
one which is closer to that normally observed in individuals
without the problem.
How does Neurofeedback work?

43. Neurofeedback Operant
Conditioning

44. The good news is that almost any
brain, regardless of its level of
function, can be trained to function
better.
Neurofeedback

45. Protocols

46. SMR Training
Inhibit: Theta and High Beta
Reward: Lo-Beta (SMR)
Location: Cz or C4

48. Alpha Training
Inhibit: Theta and High Beta
Reward: Alpha
Location: Pz
Eyes closed

49. Deep Relaxation
Inhibit: High Beta
Reward: Theta and Alpha
Location: Pz or Oz
Eyes closed

50. Trend of EEG amplitude

51. Figure-7c: Trend Analysis of EEG frequency amplitude (ADHD) on 5/12/14

52. Neurofeedback Equipment's

54. Data Bridge Market Research
analyses

55. Neurofeedback Market Size
Revenue in USD Million, Volumes in Units,
Pricing in USD

56. Global Neurofeedback Market
Scope

57. Different Neurofeedback
Systems

58. Neurofeedback in Bangladesh
NEUROFEEDBACK
?????
UNKNOWN IN
BANGLADESH

59. Outcome of My experience
ADHD :Very good response; Increases attention, Reduces
Hyperactivity, Improves School performances
AUTISM: Rewarding. Reduces Hyperactivity and Tantrum
to minimum, Improves cognition, Social Adaptation;
Alleviates repetitive behavior's; Improves Speech and
nonveral communication
EPILEPSY: Reduces frequency of Seizure, prolongs seizuire
free periods
Depression, Anxiety Disorder: Heals almost completely
C P & Downs Syndrome: Improves Cognition, speech and
Vocabulary
Stress Relief & Relaxation : Very much effective

60. Scope of Neurofeedback in
Bangladesh
 If Neurofeedback available people would be highly
benefited
 Neurofeedback abroad is time consuming and expensive .
 Bangladesh government has given emphasis on Mental Health & child
development disorder specially on Autism.
 There is an opportunity to integrate Neurofeedback with other services.
 Many National and international NGOs are also working in Autism and
other developmental disorder.
 There are Many Universities in Bangladesh now who can do research in
Neurofeedback.
 Neurofeedback It can be a new HOPE in the Darkness

61.  Affiliated with Spectrum Learning Asia,
Singapore
 Member Asia Pacific Neuro-Biofeedback
Association (APNA)
 Member Institute of Neural Regulation
and Research(ISNR), USA
 Affiliate Member Brain Master
Technologies, USA
 Contact: 01977226840
 Email:
Spectrumneurology@gmail.com
Spectrum Neurology & Neurofeedback
Centre (SNNC)

63. Thank YOU