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Hip joint anatomy
1.
HIPJOINTANATOMY SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
2.
Contents • Introduction • Type
& variety • Articulation • Ligaments • Blood supply • Nerve supply • Muscles & movements SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
3.
Introduction • The hip
joint allows the same movement as the mobile shoulder joint, but the range of movement is restricted SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
4.
Type & Variety Ball
and socket joint Synovial joint SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
5.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
6.
Articulation • The head
of the femur articulate with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint • The head of the femur forms more than half a sphere, and is covered with hyaline cartilage except at the fovea capitis • The acetabulum presence a horseshoe shaped, lunate articular surface, an acetabular notch and an acetabular fossa SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
7.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
8.
Stability • The hip
joint is unique in having a high degree of stability as well as mobility • The stability or strength depends upon: • Depth of the acetabulum and the narrowing of its mouth by the acetabular labrum • Tension and strength of ligaments • Strength of the surrounding muscles • Length and obliquity of the neck of the femur • Atmosphere pressure SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
9.
Ligaments • Fibrous capsule •
Iliofemoral ligament • Pubofemoral ligament • Ischiofemoral ligament • Ligament of the head of the femur • Acetabular labrum • Transverse acetabular ligament SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
10.
Fibrous capsule • It
is attached on the hip bone to the acetabular labrum including the transverse acetabular ligament, and to bone above and behind the acetabulum; and an the femur to the intertrochanderic line in front, and 1cm medial to the intertrochanderic crest behind • Anterosuperiorly, the capsule is thick and firmly attached • This part is subjected to maximum tension in standing posture SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
11.
• Posteroinferiorly, the
capsule is thin and loosely attached to bone • The capsule is made up of two types of fibres : • Outer fibres – longitudinal • Inner fibres – zona orbicularis • The joint cavity communicates with a bursae lying deep to the tendon of psoas major SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
12.
Iliofemoral ligament • It
is inverted y shaped ligament of bigelow , lies anteriorly • It is one of the strongest ligament of the body • It prevents the trunk from falling backwards in the standing posture • It is triangular in shape SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
13.
Pubofemoral ligament • It
is support the joint inferomedially • It is also triangular in shape • Superiorly, it is attached to the iliopubic eminence, the obturator crest and the obturator membrane • inferiorly, it merges with the anteroinferior part of the capsule and with the band of the Iliofemoral ligament SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
14.
Ischiofemoral ligament • It
covers the joint posteriorly • It is fibres or twisted and extend from the ischium to the acetabulum • The fibres of the ligament form the zona orbicularis • some of them are attached to the greater trochander SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
15.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
16.
Ligament of the
head of the femur • It is round ligament or ligamentum teres is a flat and triangular ligament • The apex is attached to the fovea capitis, and the base to the transversr ligament and the margins of the acetabular notch SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
17.
Acetabular labrum • It
is a fibro cartilaginous rim attached to the margins of the acetabulum • It narrows the mouth of the acetabulum • This helps in holding the head of the femur in position SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
18.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
19.
Transverse ligament • It
is a part of acetabular labrum which bridges the acetabular notch • The notch is thus converted in to a foramen which transmits acetabular vessels and nerves to the joint SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
20.
Blood supply • Obturator
artery • Medial circumflex artery • Lateral circumflex artery • Two gluteal arteries SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
21.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
22.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
23.
Nerve supply • Femoral
nerve • Obturator nerve • Superior gluteal nerve SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved
24.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
25.
Muscles producing movements
at hip joint Movements Chief muscles Accessory muscles Flexion Psoas major & iliacus Pectineus, rectus femories & sartorius Extension Gluteus maximus & Hamstring ---- Adduction Adductor longus, brevis & magnus Pectineus & Gracilis Abduction Gluteus medius & minimus It band & sartorius Medial rotation It band & the anterior fibres of the Gluteus medius & minimus ---- SPINALIS - 11 © All rights reserved Lateral rotation Two obturators, two gemelli & the quadratus femoris Piriformis , Gluteus maximus & sartorius
26.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
27.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
28.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
29.
SPINALIS - 11
© All rights reserved
30.
SPINALIS - 11
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