1. Period :50,000 BCE- 20,000 BCE
Occupation : hunting animals
The stone age is a broad prehistoric period during
which stone was widely used to make implements with
sharp edge, a point, or a percussion surface
The Stone age is the first of the three age system of
archaeology ,which divides human technological
prehistory into three period:
The stone age , The bronze age , The Iron age
4. Neolithic or New Stone Age ,was a period in the
development of human technology .
Traditionally considered the last part of the stone age ,
the Neolithic followed that terminal Holocene
Epipaleolithic period and commented with the
beginning of the farming, which produced the
Neolithic revolution.
Period :4000 BCE – 1000 BCE
Occupation : Hunting ,Fishing , Agriculture ,
6. Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization ,noted for Maya
script
Period : 2000 BC -250 AD
Maya civilization shares many features with other
Mesoamerican civilization due to high degree of
interaction and cultural diffusion that characterized
the region.
8. Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient
Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower
reaches of the Nile river in what is now the modern
country of Egypt.
Period : 3000 BC -373 AD.
It is one of the six civilizations globally to arise
independently.
10. Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze age civilization
that arouse on the island of Crete
Period : 3000+ BC
They are monumental buildings serving administrative
purpose , as evidence by the large archives unearthed by
archaeologists.
The palace are often multi – storied , with interior and
exterior stair case , light wells , massive columns , storage
magazines , and courtyards .
The Minoans produced a civilization oriented around trade and
bureaucracy with little or no evidence of a military state.
They built perhaps the single most efficient bureaucracy in
antiquity.
13. Mycenaean Greece refers to the last phase of the
bronze age in Ancient Greece
Period : 1600 BC – 1100 BC
It takes its name from the archaeological site of
Mycenae in Argolis , Peloponnese , southern Greece .
Mycenaean influenced settlement sites also appeared
in Epirus , Macedonia , on islands in the Aegean sea ,
on the coast of Asia Minor , the Levant , Cyprus , and
Italy.
15. Sumer was one of the ancient civilizations and
historical regions in southern Mesopotamia , modern
– day southern Iraq , during the Chalcolithic and
early Bronze Age.
Period : 5300 BC – 2000 BC
Sumerian civilization took form in the Uruk period
continuing into the Jemdat Nar and early Dynastic
periods
17. Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab , eastern
Pakistan , about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal .
The current village of Harappa is 6km from the ancient
site
The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of
Bronze Age fortified city , which was part of the
cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization ,
centered in Sindh and the Punjab
19. Indian rock – cut architecture is more various and
found in greater abundance than any other form of
rock – cut architecture around the world
Rock – cut architecture is the practice of solid natural
rock.
Indian rock – cut architecture is mostly religious in
nature
21. Buddhist religious architecture developed in South
Asia in the 3rd century BCE
Three types of structure are associated with the
religious architecture of early buddhism : monasterie ,
places to venerate relics , and shrines or prayer halls ,
which later came to be called temples in some cases
23. The Hindu architecture is an open , symmetry driven
structure , with many variations , on a square grid of
Padas, deploying perfect geometric shapes such as
circle and squares.
The Hindu temple architecture reflects a synthesis of
arts , the ideals of dharma , beliefs , values and the way
of life cherished under Hinduism
26. Period : 776BC – 265 BC
Ancient Greek is the form of Greek used during the
period of time spanning
This civilization period belonging to period of Greek
history .
Immediately following this period was the beginning
of the early middle ages and the Byzantine
28. Period : 753 BC – 663AD
Roman architecture covers the period from the
establishment of the roman republic in 509 BC to
about the 4th century AD , after which it becomes
reclassified as Late Antique or Byzantine architecture
Roman architectural style continued to influence
building in the former empire for many centuries , and
the style used in Western Europe beginning abut 1000
is called Romanesque architecture to reflect this
dependence on basic roman forms
30. Early Christian art and architecture is the art produced
by Christians or under Christian patronage from the
earliest period of Christianity
Early Christian art not only used Roman forms it also
used roman style .
Early Christian used the same artistic media as the
surrounding pagan culture.
32. Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the
Byzantine empire , also known as the later Roman or
Eastern Roman Empire
This terminology is used by modern historian to
designate the medieval Roman Empire as it evolved as
a distinct artistic and culture entity centered on the
new capital of Constantinople rather than the city of
Rome and Envions
Period : 527 (Sofia)- 1520
34. Pre – Romanesque art and architecture is the period in
European art from either the emergency of the
Merovingian kingdom in about 500 CE or from the
Carolingain Renaissance in the late 8th century to the
beginning of the 11th century Romanesque period.
The Merovingian dynasty were replaced by the
Carolingian dynasty in 752 AD ,
37. Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of
medieval Europe characterized by semi – circular
arches.
There is no consensus for the beginning date of the
Romanesque architecture , with the proposals ranging
from the 6th to the 10th century
Example of Romanesque architecture can be found
across the continent , making it the first pan –
European architectural style since Imperial Roman
architecture
39. Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during
the high and late medieval period.
It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by
Renaissance architecture.
Its characteristics include the pointed arch , the ribbed vault and
the flying buttress .
Period : 1140-1520 AD
It is also the architecture of many castles , palaces , town hall ,
guild halls universities and to a less prominent extent , private
dwellings
42. Hoysala architecture is the building style developed
under the rule of the Hoysala empire between the 11th
and 14th centuries , in the region known today as
Karnataka , a state of India .
Other examples fine Hoysala craftsmanship are the
temples at Belavidi , amruthapura ,Hosaholalu ,
Mosale.
The vigorous temple building activity of the Hoysala
Empire was due to the social , culture and political
events of the period.
46. The Most notable type of building is the mosque
Originally this was only a large open area where
the faithful would gather.
There is also a minbar, or pulpit, from which sermons are
delivered.
47. It is actually
built facing
Justinian’s
Church, on
the site of
the old
Imperial
Palace.
48. Mecca’s Grand Mosque houses Islam’s most holy
site – the Kaaba, which all moslems face to pray.
It features the Kaaba in its massive courtyard.
49. Modelled on a
mosque, the
building is sited in
a garden.
The glistening
white marble
appears almost
weightless, despite
the volume of
masonry.
50. Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry ,
proportion , geometry and the regularity of parts as
they are demonstrated in the architecture of Classical
antiquity and in particular ancient Roman architecture
, of which many examples remained
Orderly arrangements of columns , pilasters and lintels
as well as the use of semicircular arches ,
hemispherical domes , niches and aedicules replaced
the more complex proportional systems and irregular
profile of medival buildings
52. Mannerism is a period of European art that emerged
from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance
around 1520 AD
It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when the Baroque
style began to replace it , but Northern Mannerism
continued into the early 17th century.
Mannerism in literature and music is notable for its
highly florid style and intellectual sophistication.
53. Stylishness in design could be applied to a building as
well as to a painting.
Showed extensive knowledge of Roman architectural
style.
Complex, out of step style taking “liberties” with
classical architecture.
Architecture, sculpture, and walled gardens were seen
as a complex, but not necessary unified whole.
55. Architectural style originating in late 16th-century Italy
and lasting in some regions, notably Germany and
colonial South America, until the 18th century. It had its
origins in the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic
Church launched an overtly emotional and sensory
appeal to the faithful through art and architecture.
Complex architectural plan shapes, often based on the
oval, and the dynamic opposition and interpenetration
of space
56. The term Baroque once had a negative
meaning.
The name is derived from Baroque pearls
pearls with unusual, odd shapes
Compared to Renaissance art, it was
considered to be
“over-dramatic”
The architecture, “overly decorated”.
61. Rococco is an 18th century artistic movement and style ,
affecting many aspects of the arts including painting ,
sculpture , architecture , interior design , decoration ,
literature , music and theatre.
It developed in the early 18th century in Paris , France
as a reaction against the grandeur , symmetry and
strict regulation of the baroque , especially of the
Palace of Versailles.
62. Means pebble, or shell
Refined, fanciful, playful style fashionable in
France due to Louis XIV’s pampered lifestyle.
1700-1789
Scenes showed the luxuries and leisurely
pursuits of aristocrats and the wealthy
More decorative and non-functional then
Baroque
64. Neo classical is the dominant style in Europe during
1750 – 1850 marked by the imitation of Greco Roman
forms.
It was used in range of architectural forms, including
churches , arches , temples , houses , terrace ,garden
monuments and interior design
Neo classical architecture became an international
style : each country have distinct characteristics which
reflected the architecture of Ancient Rome and
Egypt.
65. Overview of Neo-Classicism
$ Art produced in Europe and North America from the mid-
18c to the early 19c.
$ More than just an antique revival a reaction against the
surviving Baroque & Rococo styles.
$ Linked to contemporary political events:
S Revolutions established republics in France and in
America. [Neo-Classicism was adapted as the official
art style].
S Association with the democracy of Greece and the
republicanism of Rome.
S Napoleon used the style for propaganda.
68. Georgia is situated on the isthmus between the Black
Sea and the Caspian Sea. In the north it is bounded by
the Main Caucasian Range, forming the frontier with
Russia, Azerbaijan to the east and in the south by
Armenia and Turkey. Geographically Georgia is the
meeting place of the European and Asian continents
and is located at the crossroads of western and eastern
cultures.
These settlements have different patterns according to
geographical and climatic conditions and provide
indications of various aspects of the activity of the
population.
69. Tsromi
The eighth and ninth centuries in Georgian art
historical literature are called a transition period.
72. The Empire style , the second phase of Neoclassicism ,
is an early – 19th century design movement in
architecture , furniture , other decorative arts , and the
visual arts .
The style originated in and takes its name from the
rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire , where it
was intended to idealize Napoleon’s leadership and the
French state
74. The Regency style of architecture refers primarily to
buildings built in Britain during the period in the early
19th century when George IV was Prince Regent , and
also to later buildings following the same style.
The style follows closely on from the neo-classical
Georgian style of architecture , adding an elegance and
lightness of touch
Regency residences typically are built as terreces or
crescents
76. Nordic classicism was a style of architecture that
briefly blossomed in the Nordic countries ( Sweden ,
Denmark , Norway and Finland ) between 1910 and
1930
Nordic classicism was regarded as a mere interlude
between two far more well-known architectural
movements , National Romanticism or Jugendstil and
Functionalism
79. Revivalism in architecture is the use of visual style
that consciously echo the style of a previous
architectural era
Modern – day revival style can be summarized
within New Classical Architecture , and
sometimes under te umbrella term traditional
architecture
81. The Victorian period is the time period during 1825-
1900
In the Victorian period things in common such as
wrap around porches, steep gabled roofs, and possible
towers or turrets are seen .
82. Homes during the Victorian period in the east had things in
common such as wrap around porches, steep gabled roofs,
and possible towers or turrets.
This house in
Irvington,
displays the
wrap-around
porch.
83. This house in Athens, shows an example of steeply gabled
roofs.
85. Orientalism is a term used by art historians and
literary and cultural studies scholar for the imitation
or depiction of aspects of Middle Eastern , South Asian
, and East Asian cultures by writers , designers and
artists from the west
87. Indo – Saracenic revival was an architecture style
movement by British architects in the late 19th century
in British India.
It drew elements from native Indo-Islamic and Indian
architecture , and combined it with the Gothic revival
and Neo – Classical style favoured in Victorian Britain
89. The style's patterns and motifs were taken
primarily from nature and were often carried out
with unrestrained exuberance of form, color, and
especially line. The characteristic line, a flowing
curvilinear, was to give Art Nouveau the
descriptive nicknames "noodle," "whiplash,“
"tapeworm," and "cigarette-smoke style."
92. A type of architectural style that describes a group of architects working in
Chicago, 1900 – 1917,
Frank Lloyd Wright
Rejected historic styles and emphasized the harmony with the site in which the
structure would be built
Wright enjoyed the abstract shapes and forms of contemporary painting
Stylized botanical shapes were particularly prized
Wright would employ cantilever construction to have porches and terraces
dangle out from the main section of a structure. This would give the impression
of hovering forms over open spaces, held by seemingly weightless anchors.
Organic qualities of material were believed to be most beautiful
Strong horizontals are a characteristic of the Prairie Style
Falling Water is an example of the Prairie Style
94. Constructivist architecture was a form of modern
architecture that flourished in Soviet Union in 1920s
and early 1930s
It combined advanced technology and engineering
with an avowedly Communist social purpose
This movement produced many pioneering projects
and finished buildings before falling out of favour
around 1932
97. Functionalism , in architecture , is the principle that
architects should design a building based on the
purpose of that building
This statement is less self-evident than it first appears ,
and is a matter of confusion and controversy within
the profession , particularly in regard to modern
architecture
Functionalism had the strongest influence in Germany
, Czechoslovakia , the USSR and the Netherlands
99. Inspired by the Fauve
Violent juxtapositions of color
Purposely roused the ire of critics and the public
The Blue Rider, formed in Germany 1911 (named due to the
interests in horses and the color blue)
Highly intellectual, filled with theories of artistic representation
Conceived the natural world in terms that went beyond
representation
Kandinsky’s theories were best expressed in
his influential essay, Concerning the Spiritual
in Art, which out line this theories on color and
form for the modern movement.
101. Bauhaus – literally ‘house of construction’ was
understood as ‘school of building’
Staatliches Bauhaus , commonly known simply as
Bauhaus , was an art school in Germany that combined
for the approach to design that it publicised and
taught
Bauhaus style became one of the most influential
currents in modern design , modernist architecture
and art , design and architectural education
104. Modern architecture or modernist architecture is a
term applied to overarching movement , with its exact
definition and scope varying widely
In art history , the revolutionary and neoclassical style
that evolved around 1800 are also called modern
The concept of Modernism is a central theme in the
efforts of 2oth century modern architecture
106. Art Deco is an influential visual arts design style that
first appeared in France after World War I and began
flourishing internationally in the 1920 ,1930, 1940
before its popularity waned after World War II
The style is often characterized by rich colours , bold
geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation
Art deco represented luxury , glamour , exuberance
and faith in social and technological progress
108. Period : 1950 AD -1970AD
Brutalism architecture is a movement in architecture
that flourished from the 1950 to the mid -1970 s,
descended from the modernist architectural
movement of the early 20th century
110. Structuralism is a theoretical paradigm in sociology ,
anthropology , linguistics and semiotics positing that
elements of human culture must be understood in
terms of their relationship to a larger , overarching
system or structure .
It works to uncover the structures that underlie all the
things that humans do , think , perceive , and feel.
Structuralism originated in the early 1900s , in the
structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the
subsequent Prague , Moscow and Copenhagen schools
of linguistics.
112. Fragmented architecture
Bent/uneven outlines
Incomplete forms
Controlled chaos
Many layers of pictures on top of each other
114. Blobitecture from blob architecture , blobism or
blobismus are terms for a movement in architecture in
which buildings have an organic , amoeba shaped ,
building form .
Though the term blob architecture was in vogue
already in the mid-1990s , the word Blobitecture first
appeared in print in 2002 , William Safire's on
language column in the New York times magazine in
an article entitled defenestration
116. A Definition of Interactive Architecture “I.A.”
Human and Environmental Interaction Physical
Means of Actuation Embedded Computational
Infrastructures
Architectural solutions that can demonstrate
responsive behaviors with
respect to changing individual, social and
environmental needs.
117. Interactive architecture is the base from which concepts about
time dependant architecture can be explored both theoretically
and experimentally. The idea that architecture and the perception
of architecture can change over time allows speculation about an
architecture which interacts with its environments and its user.
Questions are raised which can draw on answers from art
practice, theories of perception, cybernetics, physics,
biology and recent (and not so recent) developments in
architectural practice.
- The Bartlett School
119. Practitioners of green building often seek to
achieve not only ecological balance but aesthetic
harmony as well.
The buildings are built out of materials that are
good for the environment. The appearance and
style of sustainable homes and buildings can be
nearly indistinguishable from their less sustainable
counterparts.
121. A Natural building involves a range of building system
and materials that place major emphasis on
sustainability
Natural building tends to rely on human labor , more
than technology
Natural building uses primarily abundantly available ,
renewable , reused or recycled material