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 Period :50,000 BCE- 20,000 BCE
 Occupation : hunting animals
 The stone age is a broad prehistoric period during
which stone was widely used to make implements with
sharp edge, a point, or a percussion surface
 The Stone age is the first of the three age system of
archaeology ,which divides human technological
prehistory into three period:
The stone age , The bronze age , The Iron age
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Neolithic or New Stone Age ,was a period in the
development of human technology .
 Traditionally considered the last part of the stone age ,
the Neolithic followed that terminal Holocene
Epipaleolithic period and commented with the
beginning of the farming, which produced the
Neolithic revolution.
 Period :4000 BCE – 1000 BCE
 Occupation : Hunting ,Fishing , Agriculture ,
History of architecture for students
 Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization ,noted for Maya
script
 Period : 2000 BC -250 AD
 Maya civilization shares many features with other
Mesoamerican civilization due to high degree of
interaction and cultural diffusion that characterized
the region.
History of architecture for students
 Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient
Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower
reaches of the Nile river in what is now the modern
country of Egypt.
 Period : 3000 BC -373 AD.
 It is one of the six civilizations globally to arise
independently.
History of architecture for students
 Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze age civilization
that arouse on the island of Crete
 Period : 3000+ BC
 They are monumental buildings serving administrative
purpose , as evidence by the large archives unearthed by
archaeologists.
 The palace are often multi – storied , with interior and
exterior stair case , light wells , massive columns , storage
magazines , and courtyards .
 The Minoans produced a civilization oriented around trade and
bureaucracy with little or no evidence of a military state.
 They built perhaps the single most efficient bureaucracy in
antiquity.
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Mycenaean Greece refers to the last phase of the
bronze age in Ancient Greece
 Period : 1600 BC – 1100 BC
 It takes its name from the archaeological site of
Mycenae in Argolis , Peloponnese , southern Greece .
 Mycenaean influenced settlement sites also appeared
in Epirus , Macedonia , on islands in the Aegean sea ,
on the coast of Asia Minor , the Levant , Cyprus , and
Italy.
History of architecture for students
 Sumer was one of the ancient civilizations and
historical regions in southern Mesopotamia , modern
– day southern Iraq , during the Chalcolithic and
early Bronze Age.
 Period : 5300 BC – 2000 BC
 Sumerian civilization took form in the Uruk period
continuing into the Jemdat Nar and early Dynastic
periods
History of architecture for students
 Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab , eastern
Pakistan , about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal .
 The current village of Harappa is 6km from the ancient
site
 The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of
Bronze Age fortified city , which was part of the
cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization ,
centered in Sindh and the Punjab
History of architecture for students
 Indian rock – cut architecture is more various and
found in greater abundance than any other form of
rock – cut architecture around the world
 Rock – cut architecture is the practice of solid natural
rock.
 Indian rock – cut architecture is mostly religious in
nature
History of architecture for students
 Buddhist religious architecture developed in South
Asia in the 3rd century BCE
 Three types of structure are associated with the
religious architecture of early buddhism : monasterie ,
places to venerate relics , and shrines or prayer halls ,
which later came to be called temples in some cases
History of architecture for students
 The Hindu architecture is an open , symmetry driven
structure , with many variations , on a square grid of
Padas, deploying perfect geometric shapes such as
circle and squares.
 The Hindu temple architecture reflects a synthesis of
arts , the ideals of dharma , beliefs , values and the way
of life cherished under Hinduism
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Period : 776BC – 265 BC
 Ancient Greek is the form of Greek used during the
period of time spanning
 This civilization period belonging to period of Greek
history .
 Immediately following this period was the beginning
of the early middle ages and the Byzantine
History of architecture for students
 Period : 753 BC – 663AD
 Roman architecture covers the period from the
establishment of the roman republic in 509 BC to
about the 4th century AD , after which it becomes
reclassified as Late Antique or Byzantine architecture
 Roman architectural style continued to influence
building in the former empire for many centuries , and
the style used in Western Europe beginning abut 1000
is called Romanesque architecture to reflect this
dependence on basic roman forms
History of architecture for students
 Early Christian art and architecture is the art produced
by Christians or under Christian patronage from the
earliest period of Christianity
 Early Christian art not only used Roman forms it also
used roman style .
 Early Christian used the same artistic media as the
surrounding pagan culture.
History of architecture for students
 Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the
Byzantine empire , also known as the later Roman or
Eastern Roman Empire
 This terminology is used by modern historian to
designate the medieval Roman Empire as it evolved as
a distinct artistic and culture entity centered on the
new capital of Constantinople rather than the city of
Rome and Envions
 Period : 527 (Sofia)- 1520
History of architecture for students
 Pre – Romanesque art and architecture is the period in
European art from either the emergency of the
Merovingian kingdom in about 500 CE or from the
Carolingain Renaissance in the late 8th century to the
beginning of the 11th century Romanesque period.
 The Merovingian dynasty were replaced by the
Carolingian dynasty in 752 AD ,
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of
medieval Europe characterized by semi – circular
arches.
 There is no consensus for the beginning date of the
Romanesque architecture , with the proposals ranging
from the 6th to the 10th century
 Example of Romanesque architecture can be found
across the continent , making it the first pan –
European architectural style since Imperial Roman
architecture
History of architecture for students
 Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during
the high and late medieval period.
 It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by
Renaissance architecture.
 Its characteristics include the pointed arch , the ribbed vault and
the flying buttress .
 Period : 1140-1520 AD
 It is also the architecture of many castles , palaces , town hall ,
guild halls universities and to a less prominent extent , private
dwellings
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Hoysala architecture is the building style developed
under the rule of the Hoysala empire between the 11th
and 14th centuries , in the region known today as
Karnataka , a state of India .
 Other examples fine Hoysala craftsmanship are the
temples at Belavidi , amruthapura ,Hosaholalu ,
Mosale.
 The vigorous temple building activity of the Hoysala
Empire was due to the social , culture and political
events of the period.
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 The Most notable type of building is the mosque
 Originally this was only a large open area where
the faithful would gather.
 There is also a minbar, or pulpit, from which sermons are
delivered.
 It is actually
built facing
Justinian’s
Church, on
the site of
the old
Imperial
Palace.
 Mecca’s Grand Mosque houses Islam’s most holy
site – the Kaaba, which all moslems face to pray.
 It features the Kaaba in its massive courtyard.
 Modelled on a
mosque, the
building is sited in
a garden.
 The glistening
white marble
appears almost
weightless, despite
the volume of
masonry.
 Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry ,
proportion , geometry and the regularity of parts as
they are demonstrated in the architecture of Classical
antiquity and in particular ancient Roman architecture
, of which many examples remained
 Orderly arrangements of columns , pilasters and lintels
as well as the use of semicircular arches ,
hemispherical domes , niches and aedicules replaced
the more complex proportional systems and irregular
profile of medival buildings
History of architecture for students
 Mannerism is a period of European art that emerged
from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance
around 1520 AD
 It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when the Baroque
style began to replace it , but Northern Mannerism
continued into the early 17th century.
 Mannerism in literature and music is notable for its
highly florid style and intellectual sophistication.
 Stylishness in design could be applied to a building as
well as to a painting.
 Showed extensive knowledge of Roman architectural
style.
 Complex, out of step style  taking “liberties” with
classical architecture.
 Architecture, sculpture, and walled gardens were seen
as a complex, but not necessary unified whole.
 Villa Capra
[or Villa
Rotunda]
 By Andrea
Palladio
 Architectural style originating in late 16th-century Italy
and lasting in some regions, notably Germany and
colonial South America, until the 18th century. It had its
origins in the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic
Church launched an overtly emotional and sensory
appeal to the faithful through art and architecture.
 Complex architectural plan shapes, often based on the
oval, and the dynamic opposition and interpenetration
of space
 The term Baroque once had a negative
meaning.
 The name is derived from Baroque pearls
 pearls with unusual, odd shapes
 Compared to Renaissance art, it was
considered to be
 “over-dramatic”
 The architecture, “overly decorated”.
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
Kensigton Palace
History of architecture for students
 Rococco is an 18th century artistic movement and style ,
affecting many aspects of the arts including painting ,
sculpture , architecture , interior design , decoration ,
literature , music and theatre.
 It developed in the early 18th century in Paris , France
as a reaction against the grandeur , symmetry and
strict regulation of the baroque , especially of the
Palace of Versailles.
 Means pebble, or shell
 Refined, fanciful, playful style fashionable in
France due to Louis XIV’s pampered lifestyle.
 1700-1789
 Scenes showed the luxuries and leisurely
pursuits of aristocrats and the wealthy
 More decorative and non-functional then
Baroque
History of architecture for students
 Neo classical is the dominant style in Europe during
1750 – 1850 marked by the imitation of Greco Roman
forms.
 It was used in range of architectural forms, including
churches , arches , temples , houses , terrace ,garden
monuments and interior design
 Neo classical architecture became an international
style : each country have distinct characteristics which
reflected the architecture of Ancient Rome and
Egypt.
Overview of Neo-Classicism
$ Art produced in Europe and North America from the mid-
18c to the early 19c.
$ More than just an antique revival  a reaction against the
surviving Baroque & Rococo styles.
$ Linked to contemporary political events:
S Revolutions established republics in France and in
America. [Neo-Classicism was adapted as the official
art style].
S Association with the democracy of Greece and the
republicanism of Rome.
S Napoleon  used the style for propaganda.
Herculaneum
in 1738.
Syon House
1760s
 Georgia is situated on the isthmus between the Black
Sea and the Caspian Sea. In the north it is bounded by
the Main Caucasian Range, forming the frontier with
Russia, Azerbaijan to the east and in the south by
Armenia and Turkey. Geographically Georgia is the
meeting place of the European and Asian continents
and is located at the crossroads of western and eastern
cultures.
 These settlements have different patterns according to
geographical and climatic conditions and provide
indications of various aspects of the activity of the
population.
Tsromi
The eighth and ninth centuries in Georgian art
historical literature are called a transition period.
Gurjaani
Svetitskhiveli
 The Empire style , the second phase of Neoclassicism ,
is an early – 19th century design movement in
architecture , furniture , other decorative arts , and the
visual arts .
 The style originated in and takes its name from the
rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire , where it
was intended to idealize Napoleon’s leadership and the
French state
History of architecture for students
 The Regency style of architecture refers primarily to
buildings built in Britain during the period in the early
19th century when George IV was Prince Regent , and
also to later buildings following the same style.
 The style follows closely on from the neo-classical
Georgian style of architecture , adding an elegance and
lightness of touch
 Regency residences typically are built as terreces or
crescents
History of architecture for students
 Nordic classicism was a style of architecture that
briefly blossomed in the Nordic countries ( Sweden ,
Denmark , Norway and Finland ) between 1910 and
1930
 Nordic classicism was regarded as a mere interlude
between two far more well-known architectural
movements , National Romanticism or Jugendstil and
Functionalism
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Revivalism in architecture is the use of visual style
that consciously echo the style of a previous
architectural era
 Modern – day revival style can be summarized
within New Classical Architecture , and
sometimes under te umbrella term traditional
architecture
History of architecture for students
 The Victorian period is the time period during 1825-
1900
 In the Victorian period things in common such as
wrap around porches, steep gabled roofs, and possible
towers or turrets are seen .
Homes during the Victorian period in the east had things in
common such as wrap around porches, steep gabled roofs,
and possible towers or turrets.
This house in
Irvington,
displays the
wrap-around
porch.
This house in Athens, shows an example of steeply gabled
roofs.
This house in
Cape May,
exhibits a
tower-like
structure.
 Orientalism is a term used by art historians and
literary and cultural studies scholar for the imitation
or depiction of aspects of Middle Eastern , South Asian
, and East Asian cultures by writers , designers and
artists from the west
History of architecture for students
 Indo – Saracenic revival was an architecture style
movement by British architects in the late 19th century
in British India.
 It drew elements from native Indo-Islamic and Indian
architecture , and combined it with the Gothic revival
and Neo – Classical style favoured in Victorian Britain
History of architecture for students
 The style's patterns and motifs were taken
primarily from nature and were often carried out
with unrestrained exuberance of form, color, and
especially line. The characteristic line, a flowing
curvilinear, was to give Art Nouveau the
descriptive nicknames "noodle," "whiplash,“
"tapeworm," and "cigarette-smoke style."
Chrysler building,
NYC
Passeig de Gràcia
Barcelona (Spain)
 A type of architectural style that describes a group of architects working in
Chicago, 1900 – 1917,
 Frank Lloyd Wright
 Rejected historic styles and emphasized the harmony with the site in which the
structure would be built
 Wright enjoyed the abstract shapes and forms of contemporary painting
 Stylized botanical shapes were particularly prized
 Wright would employ cantilever construction to have porches and terraces
dangle out from the main section of a structure. This would give the impression
of hovering forms over open spaces, held by seemingly weightless anchors.
 Organic qualities of material were believed to be most beautiful
 Strong horizontals are a characteristic of the Prairie Style
 Falling Water is an example of the Prairie Style
Frank Lloyd Wright, The Robie
House, 1907-1909, Chicago
 Constructivist architecture was a form of modern
architecture that flourished in Soviet Union in 1920s
and early 1930s
 It combined advanced technology and engineering
with an avowedly Communist social purpose
 This movement produced many pioneering projects
and finished buildings before falling out of favour
around 1932
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Functionalism , in architecture , is the principle that
architects should design a building based on the
purpose of that building
 This statement is less self-evident than it first appears ,
and is a matter of confusion and controversy within
the profession , particularly in regard to modern
architecture
 Functionalism had the strongest influence in Germany
, Czechoslovakia , the USSR and the Netherlands
History of architecture for students
 Inspired by the Fauve
 Violent juxtapositions of color
 Purposely roused the ire of critics and the public
 The Blue Rider, formed in Germany 1911 (named due to the
interests in horses and the color blue)
 Highly intellectual, filled with theories of artistic representation
 Conceived the natural world in terms that went beyond
representation
 Kandinsky’s theories were best expressed in
his influential essay, Concerning the Spiritual
in Art, which out line this theories on color and
form for the modern movement.
History of architecture for students
 Bauhaus – literally ‘house of construction’ was
understood as ‘school of building’
 Staatliches Bauhaus , commonly known simply as
Bauhaus , was an art school in Germany that combined
for the approach to design that it publicised and
taught
 Bauhaus style became one of the most influential
currents in modern design , modernist architecture
and art , design and architectural education
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students
 Modern architecture or modernist architecture is a
term applied to overarching movement , with its exact
definition and scope varying widely
 In art history , the revolutionary and neoclassical style
that evolved around 1800 are also called modern
 The concept of Modernism is a central theme in the
efforts of 2oth century modern architecture
History of architecture for students
 Art Deco is an influential visual arts design style that
first appeared in France after World War I and began
flourishing internationally in the 1920 ,1930, 1940
before its popularity waned after World War II
 The style is often characterized by rich colours , bold
geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation
 Art deco represented luxury , glamour , exuberance
and faith in social and technological progress
History of architecture for students
 Period : 1950 AD -1970AD
 Brutalism architecture is a movement in architecture
that flourished from the 1950 to the mid -1970 s,
descended from the modernist architectural
movement of the early 20th century
History of architecture for students
 Structuralism is a theoretical paradigm in sociology ,
anthropology , linguistics and semiotics positing that
elements of human culture must be understood in
terms of their relationship to a larger , overarching
system or structure .
 It works to uncover the structures that underlie all the
things that humans do , think , perceive , and feel.
 Structuralism originated in the early 1900s , in the
structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the
subsequent Prague , Moscow and Copenhagen schools
of linguistics.
History of architecture for students
 Fragmented architecture
 Bent/uneven outlines
 Incomplete forms
 Controlled chaos
 Many layers of pictures on top of each other
History of architecture for students
 Blobitecture from blob architecture , blobism or
blobismus are terms for a movement in architecture in
which buildings have an organic , amoeba shaped ,
building form .
 Though the term blob architecture was in vogue
already in the mid-1990s , the word Blobitecture first
appeared in print in 2002 , William Safire's on
language column in the New York times magazine in
an article entitled defenestration
History of architecture for students
 A Definition of Interactive Architecture “I.A.”
Human and Environmental Interaction Physical
Means of Actuation Embedded Computational
Infrastructures
 Architectural solutions that can demonstrate
responsive behaviors with
 respect to changing individual, social and
environmental needs.
 Interactive architecture is the base from which concepts about
time dependant architecture can be explored both theoretically
and experimentally. The idea that architecture and the perception
of architecture can change over time allows speculation about an
architecture which interacts with its environments and its user.
Questions are raised which can draw on answers from art
practice, theories of perception, cybernetics, physics,
biology and recent (and not so recent) developments in
architectural practice.
 - The Bartlett School
Son-O-House
 Practitioners of green building often seek to
achieve not only ecological balance but aesthetic
harmony as well.
 The buildings are built out of materials that are
good for the environment. The appearance and
style of sustainable homes and buildings can be
nearly indistinguishable from their less sustainable
counterparts.
History of architecture for students
 A Natural building involves a range of building system
and materials that place major emphasis on
sustainability
 Natural building tends to rely on human labor , more
than technology
 Natural building uses primarily abundantly available ,
renewable , reused or recycled material
History of architecture for students
History of architecture for students

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History of architecture for students

  • 1.  Period :50,000 BCE- 20,000 BCE  Occupation : hunting animals  The stone age is a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with sharp edge, a point, or a percussion surface  The Stone age is the first of the three age system of archaeology ,which divides human technological prehistory into three period: The stone age , The bronze age , The Iron age
  • 4.  Neolithic or New Stone Age ,was a period in the development of human technology .  Traditionally considered the last part of the stone age , the Neolithic followed that terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commented with the beginning of the farming, which produced the Neolithic revolution.  Period :4000 BCE – 1000 BCE  Occupation : Hunting ,Fishing , Agriculture ,
  • 6.  Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization ,noted for Maya script  Period : 2000 BC -250 AD  Maya civilization shares many features with other Mesoamerican civilization due to high degree of interaction and cultural diffusion that characterized the region.
  • 8.  Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile river in what is now the modern country of Egypt.  Period : 3000 BC -373 AD.  It is one of the six civilizations globally to arise independently.
  • 10.  Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze age civilization that arouse on the island of Crete  Period : 3000+ BC  They are monumental buildings serving administrative purpose , as evidence by the large archives unearthed by archaeologists.  The palace are often multi – storied , with interior and exterior stair case , light wells , massive columns , storage magazines , and courtyards .  The Minoans produced a civilization oriented around trade and bureaucracy with little or no evidence of a military state.  They built perhaps the single most efficient bureaucracy in antiquity.
  • 13.  Mycenaean Greece refers to the last phase of the bronze age in Ancient Greece  Period : 1600 BC – 1100 BC  It takes its name from the archaeological site of Mycenae in Argolis , Peloponnese , southern Greece .  Mycenaean influenced settlement sites also appeared in Epirus , Macedonia , on islands in the Aegean sea , on the coast of Asia Minor , the Levant , Cyprus , and Italy.
  • 15.  Sumer was one of the ancient civilizations and historical regions in southern Mesopotamia , modern – day southern Iraq , during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age.  Period : 5300 BC – 2000 BC  Sumerian civilization took form in the Uruk period continuing into the Jemdat Nar and early Dynastic periods
  • 17.  Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab , eastern Pakistan , about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal .  The current village of Harappa is 6km from the ancient site  The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of Bronze Age fortified city , which was part of the cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization , centered in Sindh and the Punjab
  • 19.  Indian rock – cut architecture is more various and found in greater abundance than any other form of rock – cut architecture around the world  Rock – cut architecture is the practice of solid natural rock.  Indian rock – cut architecture is mostly religious in nature
  • 21.  Buddhist religious architecture developed in South Asia in the 3rd century BCE  Three types of structure are associated with the religious architecture of early buddhism : monasterie , places to venerate relics , and shrines or prayer halls , which later came to be called temples in some cases
  • 23.  The Hindu architecture is an open , symmetry driven structure , with many variations , on a square grid of Padas, deploying perfect geometric shapes such as circle and squares.  The Hindu temple architecture reflects a synthesis of arts , the ideals of dharma , beliefs , values and the way of life cherished under Hinduism
  • 26.  Period : 776BC – 265 BC  Ancient Greek is the form of Greek used during the period of time spanning  This civilization period belonging to period of Greek history .  Immediately following this period was the beginning of the early middle ages and the Byzantine
  • 28.  Period : 753 BC – 663AD  Roman architecture covers the period from the establishment of the roman republic in 509 BC to about the 4th century AD , after which it becomes reclassified as Late Antique or Byzantine architecture  Roman architectural style continued to influence building in the former empire for many centuries , and the style used in Western Europe beginning abut 1000 is called Romanesque architecture to reflect this dependence on basic roman forms
  • 30.  Early Christian art and architecture is the art produced by Christians or under Christian patronage from the earliest period of Christianity  Early Christian art not only used Roman forms it also used roman style .  Early Christian used the same artistic media as the surrounding pagan culture.
  • 32.  Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine empire , also known as the later Roman or Eastern Roman Empire  This terminology is used by modern historian to designate the medieval Roman Empire as it evolved as a distinct artistic and culture entity centered on the new capital of Constantinople rather than the city of Rome and Envions  Period : 527 (Sofia)- 1520
  • 34.  Pre – Romanesque art and architecture is the period in European art from either the emergency of the Merovingian kingdom in about 500 CE or from the Carolingain Renaissance in the late 8th century to the beginning of the 11th century Romanesque period.  The Merovingian dynasty were replaced by the Carolingian dynasty in 752 AD ,
  • 37.  Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi – circular arches.  There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture , with the proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century  Example of Romanesque architecture can be found across the continent , making it the first pan – European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture
  • 39.  Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period.  It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.  Its characteristics include the pointed arch , the ribbed vault and the flying buttress .  Period : 1140-1520 AD  It is also the architecture of many castles , palaces , town hall , guild halls universities and to a less prominent extent , private dwellings
  • 42.  Hoysala architecture is the building style developed under the rule of the Hoysala empire between the 11th and 14th centuries , in the region known today as Karnataka , a state of India .  Other examples fine Hoysala craftsmanship are the temples at Belavidi , amruthapura ,Hosaholalu , Mosale.  The vigorous temple building activity of the Hoysala Empire was due to the social , culture and political events of the period.
  • 46.  The Most notable type of building is the mosque  Originally this was only a large open area where the faithful would gather.  There is also a minbar, or pulpit, from which sermons are delivered.
  • 47.  It is actually built facing Justinian’s Church, on the site of the old Imperial Palace.
  • 48.  Mecca’s Grand Mosque houses Islam’s most holy site – the Kaaba, which all moslems face to pray.  It features the Kaaba in its massive courtyard.
  • 49.  Modelled on a mosque, the building is sited in a garden.  The glistening white marble appears almost weightless, despite the volume of masonry.
  • 50.  Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry , proportion , geometry and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of Classical antiquity and in particular ancient Roman architecture , of which many examples remained  Orderly arrangements of columns , pilasters and lintels as well as the use of semicircular arches , hemispherical domes , niches and aedicules replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profile of medival buildings
  • 52.  Mannerism is a period of European art that emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520 AD  It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when the Baroque style began to replace it , but Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century.  Mannerism in literature and music is notable for its highly florid style and intellectual sophistication.
  • 53.  Stylishness in design could be applied to a building as well as to a painting.  Showed extensive knowledge of Roman architectural style.  Complex, out of step style  taking “liberties” with classical architecture.  Architecture, sculpture, and walled gardens were seen as a complex, but not necessary unified whole.
  • 54.  Villa Capra [or Villa Rotunda]  By Andrea Palladio
  • 55.  Architectural style originating in late 16th-century Italy and lasting in some regions, notably Germany and colonial South America, until the 18th century. It had its origins in the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic Church launched an overtly emotional and sensory appeal to the faithful through art and architecture.  Complex architectural plan shapes, often based on the oval, and the dynamic opposition and interpenetration of space
  • 56.  The term Baroque once had a negative meaning.  The name is derived from Baroque pearls  pearls with unusual, odd shapes  Compared to Renaissance art, it was considered to be  “over-dramatic”  The architecture, “overly decorated”.
  • 61.  Rococco is an 18th century artistic movement and style , affecting many aspects of the arts including painting , sculpture , architecture , interior design , decoration , literature , music and theatre.  It developed in the early 18th century in Paris , France as a reaction against the grandeur , symmetry and strict regulation of the baroque , especially of the Palace of Versailles.
  • 62.  Means pebble, or shell  Refined, fanciful, playful style fashionable in France due to Louis XIV’s pampered lifestyle.  1700-1789  Scenes showed the luxuries and leisurely pursuits of aristocrats and the wealthy  More decorative and non-functional then Baroque
  • 64.  Neo classical is the dominant style in Europe during 1750 – 1850 marked by the imitation of Greco Roman forms.  It was used in range of architectural forms, including churches , arches , temples , houses , terrace ,garden monuments and interior design  Neo classical architecture became an international style : each country have distinct characteristics which reflected the architecture of Ancient Rome and Egypt.
  • 65. Overview of Neo-Classicism $ Art produced in Europe and North America from the mid- 18c to the early 19c. $ More than just an antique revival  a reaction against the surviving Baroque & Rococo styles. $ Linked to contemporary political events: S Revolutions established republics in France and in America. [Neo-Classicism was adapted as the official art style]. S Association with the democracy of Greece and the republicanism of Rome. S Napoleon  used the style for propaganda.
  • 68.  Georgia is situated on the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. In the north it is bounded by the Main Caucasian Range, forming the frontier with Russia, Azerbaijan to the east and in the south by Armenia and Turkey. Geographically Georgia is the meeting place of the European and Asian continents and is located at the crossroads of western and eastern cultures.  These settlements have different patterns according to geographical and climatic conditions and provide indications of various aspects of the activity of the population.
  • 69. Tsromi The eighth and ninth centuries in Georgian art historical literature are called a transition period.
  • 72.  The Empire style , the second phase of Neoclassicism , is an early – 19th century design movement in architecture , furniture , other decorative arts , and the visual arts .  The style originated in and takes its name from the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire , where it was intended to idealize Napoleon’s leadership and the French state
  • 74.  The Regency style of architecture refers primarily to buildings built in Britain during the period in the early 19th century when George IV was Prince Regent , and also to later buildings following the same style.  The style follows closely on from the neo-classical Georgian style of architecture , adding an elegance and lightness of touch  Regency residences typically are built as terreces or crescents
  • 76.  Nordic classicism was a style of architecture that briefly blossomed in the Nordic countries ( Sweden , Denmark , Norway and Finland ) between 1910 and 1930  Nordic classicism was regarded as a mere interlude between two far more well-known architectural movements , National Romanticism or Jugendstil and Functionalism
  • 79.  Revivalism in architecture is the use of visual style that consciously echo the style of a previous architectural era  Modern – day revival style can be summarized within New Classical Architecture , and sometimes under te umbrella term traditional architecture
  • 81.  The Victorian period is the time period during 1825- 1900  In the Victorian period things in common such as wrap around porches, steep gabled roofs, and possible towers or turrets are seen .
  • 82. Homes during the Victorian period in the east had things in common such as wrap around porches, steep gabled roofs, and possible towers or turrets. This house in Irvington, displays the wrap-around porch.
  • 83. This house in Athens, shows an example of steeply gabled roofs.
  • 84. This house in Cape May, exhibits a tower-like structure.
  • 85.  Orientalism is a term used by art historians and literary and cultural studies scholar for the imitation or depiction of aspects of Middle Eastern , South Asian , and East Asian cultures by writers , designers and artists from the west
  • 87.  Indo – Saracenic revival was an architecture style movement by British architects in the late 19th century in British India.  It drew elements from native Indo-Islamic and Indian architecture , and combined it with the Gothic revival and Neo – Classical style favoured in Victorian Britain
  • 89.  The style's patterns and motifs were taken primarily from nature and were often carried out with unrestrained exuberance of form, color, and especially line. The characteristic line, a flowing curvilinear, was to give Art Nouveau the descriptive nicknames "noodle," "whiplash,“ "tapeworm," and "cigarette-smoke style."
  • 92.  A type of architectural style that describes a group of architects working in Chicago, 1900 – 1917,  Frank Lloyd Wright  Rejected historic styles and emphasized the harmony with the site in which the structure would be built  Wright enjoyed the abstract shapes and forms of contemporary painting  Stylized botanical shapes were particularly prized  Wright would employ cantilever construction to have porches and terraces dangle out from the main section of a structure. This would give the impression of hovering forms over open spaces, held by seemingly weightless anchors.  Organic qualities of material were believed to be most beautiful  Strong horizontals are a characteristic of the Prairie Style  Falling Water is an example of the Prairie Style
  • 93. Frank Lloyd Wright, The Robie House, 1907-1909, Chicago
  • 94.  Constructivist architecture was a form of modern architecture that flourished in Soviet Union in 1920s and early 1930s  It combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly Communist social purpose  This movement produced many pioneering projects and finished buildings before falling out of favour around 1932
  • 97.  Functionalism , in architecture , is the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building  This statement is less self-evident than it first appears , and is a matter of confusion and controversy within the profession , particularly in regard to modern architecture  Functionalism had the strongest influence in Germany , Czechoslovakia , the USSR and the Netherlands
  • 99.  Inspired by the Fauve  Violent juxtapositions of color  Purposely roused the ire of critics and the public  The Blue Rider, formed in Germany 1911 (named due to the interests in horses and the color blue)  Highly intellectual, filled with theories of artistic representation  Conceived the natural world in terms that went beyond representation  Kandinsky’s theories were best expressed in his influential essay, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, which out line this theories on color and form for the modern movement.
  • 101.  Bauhaus – literally ‘house of construction’ was understood as ‘school of building’  Staatliches Bauhaus , commonly known simply as Bauhaus , was an art school in Germany that combined for the approach to design that it publicised and taught  Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in modern design , modernist architecture and art , design and architectural education
  • 104.  Modern architecture or modernist architecture is a term applied to overarching movement , with its exact definition and scope varying widely  In art history , the revolutionary and neoclassical style that evolved around 1800 are also called modern  The concept of Modernism is a central theme in the efforts of 2oth century modern architecture
  • 106.  Art Deco is an influential visual arts design style that first appeared in France after World War I and began flourishing internationally in the 1920 ,1930, 1940 before its popularity waned after World War II  The style is often characterized by rich colours , bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation  Art deco represented luxury , glamour , exuberance and faith in social and technological progress
  • 108.  Period : 1950 AD -1970AD  Brutalism architecture is a movement in architecture that flourished from the 1950 to the mid -1970 s, descended from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century
  • 110.  Structuralism is a theoretical paradigm in sociology , anthropology , linguistics and semiotics positing that elements of human culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger , overarching system or structure .  It works to uncover the structures that underlie all the things that humans do , think , perceive , and feel.  Structuralism originated in the early 1900s , in the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the subsequent Prague , Moscow and Copenhagen schools of linguistics.
  • 112.  Fragmented architecture  Bent/uneven outlines  Incomplete forms  Controlled chaos  Many layers of pictures on top of each other
  • 114.  Blobitecture from blob architecture , blobism or blobismus are terms for a movement in architecture in which buildings have an organic , amoeba shaped , building form .  Though the term blob architecture was in vogue already in the mid-1990s , the word Blobitecture first appeared in print in 2002 , William Safire's on language column in the New York times magazine in an article entitled defenestration
  • 116.  A Definition of Interactive Architecture “I.A.” Human and Environmental Interaction Physical Means of Actuation Embedded Computational Infrastructures  Architectural solutions that can demonstrate responsive behaviors with  respect to changing individual, social and environmental needs.
  • 117.  Interactive architecture is the base from which concepts about time dependant architecture can be explored both theoretically and experimentally. The idea that architecture and the perception of architecture can change over time allows speculation about an architecture which interacts with its environments and its user. Questions are raised which can draw on answers from art practice, theories of perception, cybernetics, physics, biology and recent (and not so recent) developments in architectural practice.  - The Bartlett School
  • 119.  Practitioners of green building often seek to achieve not only ecological balance but aesthetic harmony as well.  The buildings are built out of materials that are good for the environment. The appearance and style of sustainable homes and buildings can be nearly indistinguishable from their less sustainable counterparts.
  • 121.  A Natural building involves a range of building system and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability  Natural building tends to rely on human labor , more than technology  Natural building uses primarily abundantly available , renewable , reused or recycled material