Seven tools of TQM/ Seven tools of Total Quality Management/ Tools of TQM

1. Tools Of TQM
PRESENTED BY-
VARUN SAXENA

2. Seven Problem Solving Tools
 Pareto Analysis
 Flowcharts
 Checklists
 Histograms
 Scatter Diagrams
 Control Charts
 Cause-and-Effect Diagrams

3. Pareto Chart
A Pareto Chart is a vertical bar chart in which the bars
are arranged in the descending order of their height
starting from the left and prioritize the problems or
issues.
USES
 To prioritize problems
 To analyze a process
 To identify root causes
 To verify that whatever improvement process you
implement continues to work

4. Pareto Analysis
NUMBER OF
CAUSE DEFECTS PERCENTAGE
Poor design 80 64 %
Wrong part dimensions 16 13
Defective parts 12 10
Incorrect machine calibration 7 6
Operator errors 4 3
Defective material 3 2
Surface abrasions 3 2
125 100 %

5. Pareto ChartPercentfromeachcause
Causes of poor quality
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
(64)
(13)
(10)
(6)
(3) (2) (2)

6. Flow Charts
Operation Decision
Start/
Finish
Start/
Finish
Operation
OperationOperation
Operation
Decision
• Flow charts are nothing but graphical representation of steps involved in a
process.
• Flow charts give in detail the sequence involved in the material, machine
and operation that are involved in the completion of the process.
• Thus, they are the excellent means of documenting the steps that are
carried out in a process.

7. Check Sheet
• A simple means of data collection.
• Check sheets are nothing but forms that can be used to systematically
collect data.
• Data is read by observing the location and number of marks on the
sheet.

8. Check Sheet
COMPONENTS REPLACED BY LAB
TIME PERIOD: 22 Feb to 27 Feb 2017
REPAIR TECHNICIAN: Tom
TV SET MODEL
Integrated Circuits |||| ||||
Capacitors |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| ||
Resistors ||
Transformers ||||
Commands
CRT |

9. Check Sheet
USES
 To gather data
 To test a theory
 To evaluate alternate solutions
 To verify that whatever improvement process you implement continues
to work
Steps
 Team agrees on what to observe
 Decide who collects data
 Decide time period for collecting data
 Design check sheet
 Collect data
 Compile data in the check sheet
 Review check sheet

10. 0
5
10
15
20
1 2 6 13 10 16 19 17 12 16 2017 13 5 6 2 1
Histogram
Used to graphically represent groups of data.
Histograms help in understanding the variation in the process. It also helps
in estimating the process capability.

11. Scatter Diagram
Y
X
• It is a graph of points plotted. This graph is helpful in comparing two
variables.
• The distribution of the points helps in identifying the cause and effect
relationship between two variables.

12. Control Chart
A control chart is nothing but a run chart with limits. This is helpful in finding
the amount and nature of variation in a process.

13. Histograms do not
take into account
changes over
time.
Control charts can
tell us when a
process changes

14. Cause and Effect Diagram
 Developed by Dr Kaoru Ishikawa in 1943. It is also
known by the name of 1) Ishikawa diagram,
2)Fishbone diagram.
 This diagram is helpful in representing the
relationship between an effect and the potential or
possible causes that influences it.
 This is very much helpful when one want to find out
the solution to a particular problem that could have
a number of causes for it and when we are
interested in finding out the root cause for it.

15. Cause and effect Diagram
 There is a systematic arrangement of all possible
causes which give rise to the effect in Ishikawa
diagram. Before taking up problem for a detailed
study, it is necessary to list down all possible
causes through a brainstorming session so that
no important cause is missed. The causes are
then divided into major sources or variables.
15

16. Cause and effect Diagram
Quality
Problem
Out of adjustment
Tooling problems
Old / worn
Machines
Faulty
testing equipment
Incorrect specifications
Improper methods
Measurement
Poor supervision
Lack of concentration
Inadequate training
Human
Deficiencies
in product design
Ineffective quality
management
Poor process design
Process
Inaccurate
temperature
control
Dust and Dirt
Environment
Defective from vendor
Not to specifications
Material-
handling problems
Materials