13. 工業4.0、智慧製造
By integrating CPS with intelligent
systems (e.g., intelligent production
scheduling, intelligent logistics, and
intelligent services) in the current
industrial practices, it would transform
today’s factories into an Industry 4.0
(Smart Manufacturing) factory with
significant economic potential. (周至宏)
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15. 人工智慧/人工智能
(Artifical Intelligence、AI)
(Wikipedia)
◆Artificial Intelligence (AI) is defined as “a system’s ability to
correctly interpret external data, to learn from such data, and
to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks
through flexible adaptation”. Colloquially, the term "artificial
intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive"
functions that humans associate with other human minds, such
as "learning" and "problem solving".
◆人工智慧亦稱機器智慧,是指由人工製造出來的系
統所表現出來的智慧。通常人工智慧是指通過電腦實
現的智慧。
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16. 智慧/智能 (Intelligence)
"We need to think of intelligence as an
optimization process, a process that
steers the future into a particular set of
configurations. A superintelligence is a
really strong optimization process."
— Professor Nick Bostrom
Director, Governance of Artificial Intelligence Program,
University of Oxford
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17. A Glossary of
Artificial-Intelligence Terms (Ethan Tu)
█ Artificial Intelligence
AI is the broadest term, applying to any technique that enables
computers to mimic human intelligence, using logic, if-then rules,
decision trees, and machine learning (including deep learning).
█ Machine Learning
The subset of AI that includes abstruse statistical techniques that
enable machines to improve at tasks with experience. The category
includes deep learning.
█ Deep Learning
The subset of machine learning composed of algorithms that permit
software to train itself to perform tasks, like speech and image
recognition, by exposing multilayered neural networks to vast
amounts of data.
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19. The Broad Perspective of AI (David Fogel)
●周至宏:除了David Fogel所提之實現智慧的八類技術範疇外,
Feedback機制也是一實現智慧的重要技術。(In addition to the eight broad software
perspective proposed by David Fogel to implement intelligence, the feedback mechanism is also an important
technology to achieve intelligence.)
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20. Computational Intelligence (CI, 計算智慧)
Any biologically, naturally, and linguistically motivated
computational paradigms include, but not limited to,
Neural Network,
Connectionist Machine,
Fuzzy System,
Evolutionary Computation,
Autonomous Mental Development,
and Hybrid Intelligent Systems in which these paradigms
are contained.
Coined by the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society
Credited to Jim Bezdek, University of West Florida
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26. 智慧製造/工業4.0
關注的研發議題(3/5)
(Steven Y. Liang,Intelligent Machinery and Equipment Technology,2016/10/24)
The use of computational data analysis, machine learning, scenario
simulation, future prediction, and system optimization (數據分析、
機器學習、情境仿真、未來預測和系統優化) in support of
decision making and manufacturing execution so as to extend human
capabilities in:
• coping with complexities (問題複雜)
• coping with uncertainties (不確定性)
• coping with large amount of data (數據量大)
• coping with limited corporate memory (記憶有限)
• coping with urgencies (情況突發)
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37. Inductive AI、Deductive AI
(Statistical AI、Classical AI)
◆ Inductive AI (statistical AI), which is
coming from machine learning, tends to be
going on the path of "inductive" thought:
given a set of patterns, induce the trend. (Neural
Networks)
◆ Deductive AI (classical AI) is concerned
with "deductive" thought: given a set of
constraints, deduce a conclusion. (Fuzzy Logic、
Expert Systems、Control Technologies)
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38. Endpoint e-AI of Smart Manufacturing (1/2)
(Renesas Electronics Corporation;Junko Yoshida of EE Times)
◎ IIoT需要與網際網路連結,但工廠管理層最不希望看到的是生產製造系統受到網路
攻擊。實際上,多年來人們都認為工業控制系統(ICS)環境應該與IT網路隔離,以防範
駭客攻擊。另外,數據隱私是在Endpoint處理而不是在Cloud處理的動機之一。
◎ OT領域的Real-time Continuous AI與IT領域推動的Statistical AI有著鮮明對比。
◎ OT領域在能源消耗和延遲等方面的要求與IT領域截然不同,工廠生產線上的各種
設備有成百上千個感測器,絕不允許停機;可預測性、安全性、穩健性、可靠度、即
時性、和效能等條件,對工業控制系統(ICS)環境至關重要。一座智慧工廠所需的基礎
設施,其穩健性和可靠度要比一般的IT基礎設施高出一個等級。
◎ 當生產線上的特定問題已經被確定時,AI技術最能妥善應用於OT領域;AI會要求
OT管理者將生產過程分解為多個小塊,然後在每個終端節點進行AI推理,使用即時
輸入資料來執行“做或不做”等的決策。
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39. Endpoint e-AI of Smart Manufacturing (2/2)
◎Artificial Intelligence is rapidly driving growth in the Information Technology
(IT) and Operational Technology (OT) domains. In the Smart Manufacturing, the
needs of Operational Technology are Endpoint Real-time Inference Technology,
Endpoint Learning, Real-time Cognition and Intelligence without Cloud Lag,
Control Technology, Safety, Robustness, and Low Power. The e-AI (embedded
artificial intelligence) solutions are enhancing OT-based systems and products by
placing AI where it matters the most – at the endpoint – while decoupling
dependency on the Cloud for real-time decisions, real-time action, and AI inference
at endpoint with real-time action no cloud lag.
(Renesas Electronics Corporation)
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40. 智慧製造/工業4.0
(圖的來源:黃俊弘,工研院機械所系統組,2019年3月5日)
● Endpoint AI、Edge AI、Cloud AI
● Statistical AI (Inductive AI)
Real-time Continuous AI (Deductive AI、Classical AI)
● MES (Manufacturing Execution System)
MOM (Manufacturing Operations Management)
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49. Research & Development Needs
(Professor Alf J. Isaksson, ABB, Västerås, Sweden)
◎ What services are helpful?
◎ What business models make sense?
◎ How to technically implement software services?
◎ How to provide self-healing, self-organizing or self-optimizing production
and negotiation capabilities?
◎ How to protect investments of existing plants?
◎ How to model and store virtual models ?
◎ How to interact between virtual and real world?
◎ How to reach industrial performance?
◎ How to provide a secure network?
◎ How to model and standardize interfaces towards physical objects and
services?
◎ How to connect devices into the internet?
◎ How to model self-awareness across vendors regarding functionality,
requirements etc.?
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