A newspaper is a written publication containing news, information, and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper. Newspapers are most often published on a daily or weekly basis and focus on a particular geographic area. Despite recent setbacks, newspapers are still the most iconic outlet for news and other types of written journalism. Advances in printing technology during the Industrial Revolution made newspapers cheaper and available to more people, such as the penny press newspapers of the 1830s. However, recent developments on the internet are posing major challenges to newspapers' business model as paid circulation and advertising revenue decline.

1. TheNewspaper 1

3. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports.

4. Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing columns which express the personal opinions of writers. Supplementary sections may contain advertising, comics, coupons, and other printed media. 2

6. Despite recent setbacks in circulation and profits newspapers are still the most iconic outlet for news and other types of written journalism.

7. A daily newspaper is issued every day, sometimes with the exception of Sundays and some national holidays . Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers tend to be larger, include more specialized sections and advertising inserts, and cost more.

8. Typically, the majority of these newspapers’ staff work Monday to Friday, so the Sunday and Monday editions largely depend on content done in advance or content that is syndicated. Most daily newspapers are published in the morning. Afternoon or evening papers are aimed more at commuters and office workers.3

10. In ancient Rome, Acta Diurna ,or government announcement bulletins, were made public by Julius Caesar. They were carved on stone or metal and posted in public places.

11. In China, early government-produced news sheets, called tipao , circulated among court officials during the late Han dynasty (second and third centuries AD).

12. The World Association of Newspapers recognizes Johann Carolus’s Collection of all distinguished and commemorable news,published in 1605, as the world’s first newspaper.

13. By the early 19th century, many cities in Western and Eastern Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspaper-type publications though not all of them developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and cultural preferences4

15. In 1814, The Times of London acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per minute.Soon, it was adapted to print on both sides of a page at once.

16. This innovation made newspapers cheaper and thus available to a larger part of the population.

17. In 1833, Benjamin Day printed the first penny pressnewspaper, The New York Sun.

18. Penny press papers cost about one sixth the price of other newspapers and appealed to a wider audience.5

20. Paid circulation is declining in most countries, and advertising revenue, which makes up the bulk of most newspapers’ income, is shifting from print to online, resulting in a general decline in newspaper profits.

21. This has led to some predictions that newspapers will shrink or even disappear, although new media technologies such as radio and television never supplanted print media.6

22. Trabalho Realizado Por: Ana Pinho nº2 Diana Malta nº10 7