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Systems of Governments
What Do You Know?
Name the city, county, state, and country you
live in. Beside the name of each place,
what is the leader of each kind of
government is called?
City – Mayor
Gwinnett – County Commissioner
Georgia – Governor
United States – President

Why are there different levels in our
government?
Why Do We Have
Governments?




They are organized ways for creating
laws/rules designed to protect the wellbeing of the general public and to help
manage conflict.
They determine the power structure (who
has the power) within a country.
 In

some countries, only one person or party
maintains centralized control of the
government, while in other countries power is
shared between individuals and factions.
Why Do We Have
Governments?

All countries require governments to
function.
Governments provide laws, structure,
public services, and national defense.
There are different types of
governments:
 democracies
 republics
 monarchies
 dictatorships
To study governments, geographers
look at the following:
Types – Who rules and who
participates.
Systems – How the power is
distributed.
Systems of Government are based
on one question: How is the
power distributed?
There are three ways governments
distribute power:
 Unitary
 Confederation
 Federal
How Is Power Shared?

Federal
Confederation
Unitary

Image from Center of Civic Education. 2008
Unitary
One central government controls
everything.
Power is not shared between states,
counties, or provinces.
Examples : United Kingdom, France,
the Netherlands, Spain, and former
Soviet Union
Unitary
Diagram:
Unitary Governments of the
World
(All countries in blue)
Confederation
Two Options:
A. A voluntary or weak association of independent
states that agrees to follow a powerful central
government.
 B. Nations can choose to follow or not follow the
lead of the weak central government.


Examples: Confederate States of America
( 1861-1865), European Union, Switzerland
Confederation
Diagram:
Federal
Power is shared by a powerful central
government.
States or provinces are given
considerable self rule, usually through
their own legislatures.
Examples: United States of America,
Federal Republic of Germany
Should the national government,
state government, or both have these
powers?
List of Powers Shared in a Federal
Government
Issue driver’s licenses

Make laws for the
environment

Collect taxes

Conduct elections

Create marriage laws

Punish law breakers

Declare war

Create standards for schools

Make agreements with other
countries

Defend the country

Coin money

Protect citizen rights
Federal System
Diagram:
Federal Governments of the
World
(All countries in green)
Let’s Talk About IT!
•
•

Let’s get in groups of three.
Number yourselves one, two, and three.
Ones explain to the twos and threes how a
unitary government system distributes power.
Twos explain to the ones and threes how a
confederation government system distributes
power.
Threes explain to the ones and twos how a
federal government system distributes power.
Written Summary: How is the power
distributed politically?

Image from Center of Civic Education. 2008

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Systems of government powerpoint (unitary, confederation, federal)updated 2010

  • 2. What Do You Know? Name the city, county, state, and country you live in. Beside the name of each place, what is the leader of each kind of government is called? City – Mayor Gwinnett – County Commissioner Georgia – Governor United States – President Why are there different levels in our government?
  • 3. Why Do We Have Governments?   They are organized ways for creating laws/rules designed to protect the wellbeing of the general public and to help manage conflict. They determine the power structure (who has the power) within a country.  In some countries, only one person or party maintains centralized control of the government, while in other countries power is shared between individuals and factions.
  • 4. Why Do We Have Governments? All countries require governments to function. Governments provide laws, structure, public services, and national defense. There are different types of governments:  democracies  republics  monarchies  dictatorships
  • 5. To study governments, geographers look at the following: Types – Who rules and who participates. Systems – How the power is distributed.
  • 6. Systems of Government are based on one question: How is the power distributed? There are three ways governments distribute power:  Unitary  Confederation  Federal
  • 7. How Is Power Shared? Federal Confederation Unitary Image from Center of Civic Education. 2008
  • 8. Unitary One central government controls everything. Power is not shared between states, counties, or provinces. Examples : United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Spain, and former Soviet Union
  • 10. Unitary Governments of the World (All countries in blue)
  • 11. Confederation Two Options: A. A voluntary or weak association of independent states that agrees to follow a powerful central government.  B. Nations can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the weak central government.  Examples: Confederate States of America ( 1861-1865), European Union, Switzerland
  • 13. Federal Power is shared by a powerful central government. States or provinces are given considerable self rule, usually through their own legislatures. Examples: United States of America, Federal Republic of Germany
  • 14. Should the national government, state government, or both have these powers? List of Powers Shared in a Federal Government Issue driver’s licenses Make laws for the environment Collect taxes Conduct elections Create marriage laws Punish law breakers Declare war Create standards for schools Make agreements with other countries Defend the country Coin money Protect citizen rights
  • 16. Federal Governments of the World (All countries in green)
  • 17. Let’s Talk About IT! • • Let’s get in groups of three. Number yourselves one, two, and three. Ones explain to the twos and threes how a unitary government system distributes power. Twos explain to the ones and threes how a confederation government system distributes power. Threes explain to the ones and twos how a federal government system distributes power.
  • 18. Written Summary: How is the power distributed politically? Image from Center of Civic Education. 2008