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Regeneration Roadmap: Rethinking Consumption
1.
Consumers and the
Future of Sustainability SUSTAINABILITYLOGOTYPE FOR PRINT ONLY
2.
Contents
4 INTRODUCTION About This Study Developed by BBMG, GlobeScan and SustainAbility, The Regeneration Consumer Study is an online survey of consumer attitudes, motivations and behaviors around sustainable consumption among 6,224 respondents in six major international markets (Brazil, China, Germany, THINK define India, United Kingdom and United States). Fielded in September and Responsibility, Leadership and Trust Priorities, Preferences and Behaviors October 2012, the study represents a holistic exploration of sustainability market trends, priorities and engagement pathways, including information 10 Responsibility for Leadership 20 Motivations for Switching Brands on sustainable consumption, trust, transparency, social issues, behavior 12 Corporate Leaders and Laggards 22 Sustainable Consumption change, consumer collaboration, participation and advocacy actions. 14 Most Important Issues 24 Sustainable Behaviors 16 The Source of Trust 26 Barriers and Levers to Sustainable The overarching goal of the study is to bring the consumer voice into Purchasing the sustainability conversation and help articulate specific decisions and actions that companies can take to accelerate and grow a more sustainable economy. Specifically, the study seeks to: • Uncover consumer motivations that drive their interest in living sustainable lives – and provide opportunities for companies to create products and services with beneficial economic, social and environmental impact; • Provide insights and implications that help companies make the business case for sustainability and advance the creation and NEW ENGAGE deployment of more sustainable products, policies and practices; and Happiness, Collaboration Consumer Segments from • Better understand how companies can engage consumers in creating a and Participation Advocates to Indifferents sustainable economy and future. 30 The Dynamics of Happiness 40 Advocates 32 Collaboration and Participation 42 Aspirationals The study is part of The Regeneration Roadmap, a collaborative and 34 Individualism and Shared 44 Practicals multi-faceted thought leadership initiative designed to engage the private Responsibility 46 Indifferents sector in advancing and achieving sustainable development by improving sustainability strategy, increasing credibility and delivering results at greater speed and scale. 48 IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACTION We thank Presenting Sponsors BMW Group and SC Johnson, and Sponsors Cisco, DuPont, Interface and Pfizer for their support of the Regeneration Roadmap as well as Brown-Forman, Campbell’s, Itau, 52 METHODOLOGY, CREDITS, and SPONSORS L’Oréal, Shell and Starbucks for their direct support of the Regeneration Consumer Study. 2 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 3
3.
Introduction
Twenty years after the first Rio Earth Summit, the global economy and natural environment face unprecedented stresses as scarce resources are stretched to meet growing needs. Economists brace for “peak everything” and “the end of growth” while citizens around the world question ways of doing business that prioritize short-term, transactional, profit-only thinking over long-term, transparent and trusted relationships that drive shared value. Consumers are Global challenges persist from climate change and safe drinking water to jobs, health and education, while demographers expect profound social Re:THINKING consumption, and environmental impacts as two billion more people will live on the planet by 2050. Re:DEFINING success and Amidst all this, new research with over 6,000 consumers across six countries provides evidence that a new marketplace is rising. That attitudes and behaviors are shifting. That opportunities for collaboration Re:IMAGINING the future of a are expanding. And that a new cadre of enterprising brands is seizing the moment to innovate smarter, safer, cleaner and greener solutions. more sustainable economy. As mission-driven brands focus on taking sustainability to scale and the largest corporations leverage their capabilities to advance sustainability, the role of consumers has never been more important — not as passive targets of the latest marketing promotion, but as the greatest potential force for value generation and change. While significant barriers to more sustainable consumption remain – from perceptions of product performance, to high prices, skepticism about product claims and a lack of knowledge about what makes a product socially or environmentally responsible – there are pathways to progress. Like never before, consumers are uniting deeply held principles with everyday pragmatism, demonstrating a sense of purpose with more active participation to help create solutions that can improve their own lives while creating a more sustainable economy that can benefit all. 4 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 5
4.
Summary of Key
Findings • Rethinking Consumption: Consuming Less. Consuming Better. • The Dynamics of Happiness: Balancing Relationships, Time and Passions with Nearly two-thirds of respondents across six markets (66%) say that “as Income and Material Possessions. While consumers across all markets overwhelmingly a society, we need to consume a lot less to improve the environment for say “friends and family are the most important thing in life” (85%), consumers in developing future generations,” and 65% say they feel “a sense of responsibility to markets are more than twice as likely as those in developed markets to prioritize “time with purchase products that are good for the environment and society.” people and projects I care about” over income (62% to 28%, respectively). Conversely, consumers in developing markets are also more than twice as likely to say “having a lot of • New Demands and Opportunities in Emerging Markets. Consumers material possessions is important to my happiness,” (49% to 23%, respectively). in developing markets (Brazil, China, India) are more than twice as likely as their counterparts in developed markets (Germany, United • Consumer Segmentation: From Advocates to Indifferents. Advanced statistical Kingdom, United States) to report that they purchase products because modeling reveals four consumer segments on the sustainability spectrum, from highly of environmental and social benefits (51% to 22%), are willing to pay committed Advocates (14%) to style and social status-seeking Aspirationals (37%), to price more for sustainable products (60% to 26%) and encourage others to and performance-minded Practicals (34%) and less engaged Indifferents (16%), providing buy from companies that are socially and environmentally responsible a rich understanding of consumer values, motivations and behaviors as well as insights and (70% to 34%). opportunities for engagement and action. • Perceptions of Price, Performance and Credibility Critical to • Aspirationals Offer Key to Sustainable Consumption. Importantly, the largest consumer Driving Sustainable Consumption. A majority of consumers globally segment, the Aspirationals, is seeking both sustainability and consumption. They are agree or strongly agree that they would “purchase more products that looking for brands to provide solutions that both improve their lives and serve the larger are environmentally and socially responsible” if they “performed as well society. And, because they are trendsetters in emerging markets like China and India, as, or better than, products they usually buy” (75%), “it didn’t cost more” we believe business has the opportunity to shape a new consumerism by meeting their (70%), and “companies’ health and environmental claims were more aspirations and desires with more sustainable products and lifestyle choices. believable” (64%). • Implications and Opportunities for Action. Finally, building on our consumer • Sharing Responsibility for a Shared Future. Three in four segmentation analysis, the concluding section of the study explores the tension between respondents globally say that government (76%), businesses (74%) material possessions and social and environmental progress – a dynamic that we believe and consumers (74%) should be very or extremely responsible provides the greatest opportunity for companies to advance sustainable consumption for “working to improve the environment and society for future and create positive social impact through their practices. We outline five implications and generations,” with two-thirds of respondents globally (65%) saying they action steps to advance a more sustainable economy, including opportunities for product personally “feel a sense of responsibility to society.” innovation, transparent communication, social networking and consumer collaboration. • Requiring Action: Top Issues for Companies to Address Include Water, Health, Fairness and Jobs. Nine in 10 consumers globally (92%) say it is very or extremely important for companies to address “safe drinking water” as part of their products, services or operations, followed by health care (87%), fair wages and safe working conditions (87%), jobs and economic opportunity (86%) and waste reduction (86%). • Collaboration and Participation: Being Part of the Solution. Two-thirds of consumers globally (67%) are “interested in sharing their ideas, opinions and experiences with companies to help them develop better products or create new solutions,” while seven in ten consumers globally (72%) “believe in voting and advocating for issues important to me.” 6 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 7
5.
Responsibility, THINK
Leadership and Trust
6.
THINK
Sector Responsibility All 6 Markets Developed Countries Developing Countries Responsibility for Leadership Government 76% 72% 79% No one sector owns the responsibility for working to improve the 74% environment and society for future generations. Three in four consumers Businesses 74% see this as a shared obligation among government, the private sector and 75% consumers. 74% Each sector’s role, though, is different. For governments, it’s largely Consumers 71% focused on policies designed to limit negative impacts while encouraging 77% socially and environmentally responsible development. 69% In the private sector, it’s about setting and achieving goals that make Non-Profit Organizations 64% both products and operations better for people and the planet. And many 75% consumers see themselves and other individuals as part of this equation through the purchase of environmentally friendly and ethical products and Charities and 64% by taking actions that reduce their own environmental impact. 58% Philanthropists 70% Many see important supporting roles for other organizations as well – NGOs and non-profits that create specific programs addressing 53% environmental protection; charities and philanthropies that fund Religious Organizations 42% 64% such programs and initiatives; and the faith community, by sharing information and encouraging responsible actions and beliefs among their Note: 1=not responsible at all, 5=extremely responsible congregations. % who chose 4 or 5 shown Question 12: How responsible should each of the following groups be in working to help improve the environment and society for future generations? All sectors share responsibility for building a sustainable future. 10 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 11
7.
Brand Leaders and
Laggards (All 6 Markets) 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Leader Google 4.2 Apple 4.1 BMW 4.0 THINK Procter & Gamble (P&G) 4.0 Coca-Cola 4.0 Volkswagen 3.9 Walmart* 3.9 Facebook 3.9 Corporate Leaders and Laggards HP SC Johnson 3.9 3.9 How do consumers rate the environmental and social leadership of Unilever 3.9 companies within their respective sectors? From an industry perspective, L’Oréal 3.8 some may have a more positive halo than others: technology, automotive Pfizer 3.8 and retail companies are all rated above the average. Those in alcohol beverages, gas/petrol and flooring fall below average. In the remaining DuPont 3.7 Consumers see sectors, consumer rankings of companies are as likely to be above the average as below. Pepsico 3.7 leadership in the All five technology companies included in the study garner scores at or Cisco Starbucks 3.7 3.7 technology sector above the overall average, led by Google (average score = 4.2), and closely followed by Apple (4.1). Kraft 3.6 Shell 3.6 and have mixed Coca-Cola leads the food and beverage sector (4.0), followed by PepsiCo Interface 3.6 perceptions of (3.7), Starbucks (3.7), Kraft (3.6), and Campbell’s (3.6). Like the food and beverage industry, scores in the household and personal/beauty sector Campbell’s 3.6 fall within a fairly tight range, led by Proctor & Gamble (4.0), SC Johnson Estée Lauder 3.6 the food, beauty, (3.9), Unilever (3.9) and L’Oréal (3.8), followed by Esteé Lauder (3.6), Avon 3.6 Avon (3.6) and Reckitt Benckiser (3.5). pharmaceutical Merck 3.5 Variable ratings within industry sectors are found within pharmaceuticals Brown-Forman 3.5 and chemicals and chemicals, with ratings of Pfizer (3.8) outperforming Merck (3.5), Diageo 3.5 and Dupont (3.7) besting Dow (3.4), the lowest rated among the 29 industries. companies measured across all six markets. Reckitt Benckiser 3.5 Shaw 3.5 Dow 3.4 Note: 1=very behind, 3=somewhere in the middle, 5=strong leader Mean = 3.7 Average score shown *Walmart rating includes ASDA (UK) and Bharti (India) Question 4: How would you rate each of the following companies’ environmental and social leadership in their industry? Mobility Household and Food and Beverage Retail Flooring Beauty / Personal Technology Pharmaceutical Chemical Gas / Petrol Alcohol Beverages and Healthcare 12 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 13
8.
Most Important Issues
All 6 Markets Most Important Issues Safe drinking water 92% HealthcareDeveloped Countries Developing Countries 87% 90% Fair wages and safe working drinking water Safe conditions 87% 93% 83% Health care THINK Jobs and economic opportunity 86% 92% 87% Fair wages and safeWaste reduction working conditions 86% 87% Most Important Issues 85% Jobs and economic opportunity Education 86%87% All 6 Markets 84% Safe drinking water 92% Waste reduction Ingredient transparency 86%88% 82% Healthcare 87% Education Renewable and alternative energy sources 85% 90% Most Important Issues Fair wages and safe working conditions 87% Ingredient transparency Human rights Renewable and alternative energy sources Conservation of wildlife and environmental habitats 84% 84% 88% 81% 90% Jobs and economic opportunity 86% 82% 81% Waste reduction asked about the social and environmental issues that are very or When 86% Equal rights Human rights / Diversity 82% 87% extremely important for companies to address as part of their products, Conservation of wildlife and environmental habitats 80% Education 86% Protecting wildlife and habitat 81% 84% services or operations, there’s universal agreement on the top priority: 79% Ingredient transparency 86% safe drinking water. This is true in every country surveyed, with 93% ResearchingEqual rights / Diversity cures for diseases 81% 85% 78% Renewable and alternative energy sources of respondents in developing markets and 90% of those in developed 85% Protecting wildlife and habitat Hunger 79% 83% markets saying so. 79% Human rights 84% Researching cures for diseases Global warming / Climate change 79% 82% 79% Water safety is closely followed by healthcare (87%), fair wages and Conservation of wildlife and environmental habitats 82% Hunger Cruelty to animals / Animal welfare 76% 79% safe working conditions (87%), jobs and economic opportunity (86%), Global warming / Climate Change 71% Disaster relief 73% 86% Equal rights / Diversity reduction (86%) and education (86%). There is a82%amount of waste fair 78% consistency across countries around these issues as the top priorities. Protecting wildlife and habitat 81% Cruelty to animals development Community / Animal welfare 73%73% Healthcare is number two in line in developing countries, while in Disaster relief 66% Poverty 73% 80% Researching cures for diseases 81% developed countries this is edged out by fair wages and safe 65% working conditions. Hunger 79% Community development 81% Note: 1=not at all important, 5=extremely important Poverty 71% 74% Global warming / Climate change 79% The lowest priority for each country differs considerably, however. In % who chose 4 or 5 shown the United States, climate change and community development are at Question 13: How important is it for companies to help solve each of the following? Cruelty to animals / Animal welfare 76% Note: 1=not at all important, 5=extremely important the bottom of the list (65% rated these as very or extremely important). Disaster Germany also places community development last73% (67%), though relief % who chose 4 or 5 shown in line Question 13: How important is it for companies to help solve each of the following? Community developmentclimate change ranks higher there than in the US (81% vs. 65%). For the 73% United Kingdom, disaster relief ranks last (56%). For India, it is animal Poverty (77%) and for China it is poverty (61%). 73% Most Important Issues Most Important Issues welfare Developed Countries Developing Countries Safe drinking water 90% Safe drinking water 93% Note: 1=not at all important, 5=extremely important % who chose 4 or 5 shown Fair wages and safe Healthcare 92% 87% Safe drinking water is consumers’ working conditions Question 13: How important is it for companies to help solve each of the following? Jobs and economic Renewable and 85% 90% opportunity alternative energy top priority. Waste reduction Ingredient 84% Education Ingredient 88% 90% 84% transparency transparency Note: 1=not at all important, 5=extremely important Note: 1=not at all important, 5=extremely important % who chose 4 or 5 shown % who chose 4 or 5 shown Question 13: How important is it for companies to help solve Question 13: How important is it for companies to help solve each of the following? each of the following? 14 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 15
9.
The Source of
Trust All 6 Markets Certification seals or labels on product packaging 40% Media reports 31% Consumer reviews, ratings, blogs or message boards 28% THINK Friends, family or coworkers 27% Government information or reports 25% Awards and recognition by independent, third-party sources 25% Statements made on product packaging 22% Endorsements by organizations you trust 22% The Source of Trust Corporate social responsibility or sustainability reports Social media like Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn 15% 13% Company advertisements 11% Consumers across all six markets look to certification seals or labels on product packaging (40%) as the most trusted source of information about Films or documentaries 11% whether a product is environmentally and socially responsible, followed Company website or a company’s Facebook page 7% by media reports (31%), consumer reviews and ratings (28%), friends, No way of knowing who to trust for this information 5% family or coworkers (27%) and government information and reports (27%). Certifications are ranked highest by consumers in developed Church, temple or other spiritual community 3% countries (43%), while those in developing markets list media reports None of the above 1% (37%) as their most trusted source. Note: Among respondents' top 3 choices The most trusted Consumers in developing markets are four times as likely to trust “social Question 9: Which of the following sources do you trust to inform you about whether a product is environmentally and socially responsible? sources are media like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn” as consumers in developed markets (22% to 5% respectively). Similarly, consumers in developing certification seals, markets are twice as likely to trust “CSR Reports” than their counterparts in developed markets (20% to 9%). By contrast, consumers in developed markets are twice as likely to turn to “endorsements by organizations you The Source of Trust (Differences Between Developed and Developing Countries) media reports and trust” (29% to 15%). Developed Countries Developing Countries consumer reviews. Least trusted? Traditional company communications. Barely one in ten consumers rely on company advertisements or website content, 29% Endorsements by reinforcing the perception that the most reliable claims often come from organizations you trust 15% sources largely beyond a company’s control. Surprisingly, only 5% of consumers say they have “no way of knowing who to trust for this information,” signaling confidence in their ability to access information 9% Corporate social responsibility about products. or sustainability reports 20% 5% Social media like Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn 22% Note: Among respondents' top 3 choices Question 9: Which of the following sources do you trust to inform you about whether a product is environmentally and socially responsible? 16 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 17
10.
Priorities, Preferences define
and Behaviors
11.
define
Motivations for Switching Brands All 6 Markets Developed Countries Developing Countries 56% Product performance / Quality 49% 64% 54% Motivations for Switching Brands Price 45% 64% 49% Value for the money 37% 62% 27% The consumer trial trifecta of quality, price and value holds true across all Brand 17% 37% six markets and in both developed and developing markets, where half or 23% more say these attributes are among the top factors influencing them Health and product safety 12% 34% “to try something different from their usual brand.” 22% Promotions / Discounts 18% 25% Yet this initial similarity across markets masks more fundamental differences about what consumers value in making purchase decisions. 19% Convenience / Easy to get, use 13% 24% Consumers in developed markets are more likely than their peers in developing markets to see price (64% to 45%), value for the money 15% Innovation/New features 13% 16% (62% to 37%), promotions/discounts (25% to 18%) and convenience (24% to 13%) as factors driving trial of new products, while consumers in 10% Fits my identity / Style 8% developing markets are more likely to seek product performance/quality 11% (64% to 49%), brand (37% to 17%) and product health and safety 8% (34% to 12%). Environmental impact / benefit 8% 8% 8% Consumers are least likely to name “origin – where it comes from” (5%) Appearance/Makes me look good 7% 8% and “supports causes I believe in / has a positive social impact” (4%) as 5% motivations for switching brands. Origin – where it comes from 5% 4% Supports causes I believe in / 4% 5% Has positive social impact 3% Note: Among respondents' top 3 choices Consumers decide whether to try Question 2: When you make or influence purchase decisions, which of the following factors would you say most influence you to try something different from your usual brand? new products and services based on perceptions around quality, value, brand and safety. 20 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 21
12.
define
Sustainable Consumption All 6 Markets Developed Countries Developing Countries As a society, I believe we need to 66% consume a lot less to improve the 57% environment for future generations 76% Sustainable Consumption I believe that I have responsibility to purchase products that are good for the environment and society 49% 65% 82% I often encourage others to buy 52% The very concept of “sustainable consumption” holds an inherent tension from companies that are socially 34% driven by impacts from each product’s development, dissemination, use and environmentally responsible 70% and disposal on one hand, and market pressure for ever increasing sales Made, repaired or reused products volume and scale on the other. Will buying greater numbers of more 45% (e.g., clothing, etc.) rather than buy 39% sustainable products make a difference, or is the solution fundamentally them new* 50% about buying less? It’s a conundrum experienced by many consumers In tough economic times, I am who aspire to practice more responsible purchasing behavior, and the 43% willing to pay more for products with 26% dynamic plays out differently in established markets relative to those social and environmental benefits 60% A majority of in emerging countries where consumers are entering the modern marketplace for the first time. Avoided a product because of its 37% 22% consumers across A majority of respondents across all six markets say that “as a society, environmental or social damage* 52% 36% all six markets say we need to consume a lot less to improve the environment for future generations,” including 66% overall, 76% in developing markets and 57% Purchased a product because of its environmental or social benefits* 22% 51% in developed markets saying this describes or completely describes them. “as a society, we Shared or borrowed products (e.g., gear, equipment, cars) to reduce 31% 27% Yet respondents in developing markets are significantly more likely need to consume a to feel a sense of “responsibility to purchase products that are good the need to buy new products* 35% for the environment and society,” compared to those in developed lot less to improve markets (82% to 49%, respectively). Similarly, six in ten consumers in Note: 1=does not describe me at all, 5=completely describes me,% who chose 4 or 5 shown Question 7; Thinking about things that are important to you, and those that are less important, developing markets are “willing to pay more for products with social and the environment for environmental benefits,” compared to the one-fourth of consumers in how well does each of the following phrases describe you? 1=never done, 5=do it all the time, % who chose 4 or 5 shown developed markets willing to do so (60% to 26%, respectively). future generations.” *Question 8: Please indicate how often you have done each of the following in the past year. Interestingly, the study illuminates emerging trends toward alternatives to consumption, including “making, repairing or reusing products rather than buying them new,” with 45% of respondents globally, 50% in developing markets and 39% in developed markets saying they do this most or all of the time. The data suggest that trends toward sustainable consumption are likely to be influenced by consumers in emerging markets, with the opportunity to leapfrog barriers and challenges that have been experienced in more developed markets. 22 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 23
13.
define
Sustainable Behaviors All 6 Markets Developed Countries Developing Countries Sustainable Behaviors Recycled materials that can be recycled 55% 61% 66% Used my own reusable shopping 61% The two most common sustainable behaviors among all consumers bags, rather than accepting bags 62% surveyed are recycling and using reusable shopping bags. Six in ten from the store or market 59% consumers (61%) say they “recycle materials that can be recycled” and Bought products whose contents 58% “use my own reusable shopping bags rather than accepting bags from the 53% and/or packaging can be recycled 63% store or market” on a regular basis, followed by buying “products whose contents and/or packaging can be recycled” (58%), and “checking the list 57% Checked the list of ingredients of ingredients before purchasing” (57%). 49% before purchasing 65% Consumers in developing markets are more likely to adopt sustainable Bought cleaning and other products 48% behaviors than their counterparts in developed markets, including in concentrated forms that reduce 42% packaging 55% checking the list of product ingredients (65% vs. 49%), green commuting, where they are more than 50 percent more likely to say they commute by Commuted by biking, walking, 45% bike, foot, public transit or carpool than drive alone (53% vs. 37%), and carpooling or public transit instead of 37% 53% seeking products in concentrated forms that reduce product packaging driving a car or motorbike that I own (55% vs. 42%). Composted yard and 38% 41% household waste 35% The least common behavior overall and in both emerging and established markets is composting, with only 38% of all respondents doing so on a Note: 1=never done, 5=do it all the time regular basis. % who chose 4 or 5 shown Question 8: Please indicate how often you have done each of the following in the past year. Consumers in developed markets are most likely to recycle, while those in developing markets are checking the list of product ingredients before buying. 24 RE:THINKING CONSUMPTION Consumers and the Future of Sustainability ©2012 All rights reserved BBMG, GlobeScan, SustainAbility 25
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