The mechanization of Indian horticulture and agriculture is urgently required in India. The machines required for end to end mechanization of horticulture in India are presented here. The presentation is for benefits of farmers and agricultural machinery manufacturers. For further help email to suresh.mandhar@gmail.com or phone +919480637505 , +919886385295

1. MECHANIZATION OF HORTCULTURE
Suresh Mandhar
Emeritus Scientist
Ph 09480637505, 09886385295
E mail suresh.mandhar@gmail.com
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
Hessargahtta, Bangalore - 560089

2. VEGETABLES - 94 lakh ha
FRUITS - 72 lakh ha
PLANTATION CROPS - 37 lakh ha
SPICES - 32 lakh ha
M & A PLANTS - 5 lakh ha
LARGE AREA UNDER HORTICULTURE
LARGE NO. OF TRACTORS –60 LAKHS
LARGEST PRODUCER - 6.0 LAKHS/YEAR
( 20% of World Production)
WHY MECHANIZATION ?

3. Captain TAFE Mini Tractor
Tractors available in India are only used for
Ploughing, Seed sowing, Trailer operation/Transport
The average use of tractor - 300 -400 hr/year
( Uneconomical ) - 1 hr /day
The cultivation practices followed does not allow the
interculture operations by tractor
Fruit trees are too high for mechanized and efficient
operations
Suitable implements for Transplanting, Weeding,
Spraying and Harvesting are not available

4. MAJOR FRUIT CROPS
Crop Area
(lakh ha)
Production (lakh
tonnes)
Productivity
(MT/ha))
Mango 25.2 184.3 7.3
Citrus 10.8 111.5 10.3
Banana 8.0 297.3 37.0
Apple 3.2 25.9 8.1
Guava 2.7 36.7 13.7
Sapota 1.8 17.4 9.9
Pomegranate 1.3 13.5 10.3
Pineapple 3.1 25.0 8.0
Papaya 1.3 56.4 42.3
Grape 1.1 17.4 15.8
Litchi 0.8 5.9 7.0

5. Crop Area
(lakh ha)
Production
(lakh tonne)
Productivity
(MT/ha)
Potato 19.7 415.6 21.1
Onion 8.8 187.4 21.2
Brinjal 7.1 135.6 19.1
Tomato 12.0 194.0 16.1
Okra 5.3 63.5 11.9
Peas 4.3 38.7 8.9
Cabbage 4.0 90.4 22.6
Cauliflower 4.3 85.7 19.8
Tapioca 2.3 81.4 35.7
Sweet Potato 1.1 10.9 10.3
MAJOR VEGETABLE CROPS

6. Major Spice crops
Turmeric 2.33 11.90 5.1
Ginger 1.33 6.55 4.9
Cumin 8.59 5.14 0.6
Coriander 4.47 3.14 0.7
Crop Area ( Lakh Hec) lakh tonnes t/ha
Chillies 7.75 14.92 1.9
Garlic 2.31 1.25 2 5.4

7. MAJOR PLANTATION CROPS
Crop Area
(lakh ha)
Production
(lakh tonne)
Productivity
(MT/ha)
Coconut 21.4 149.1 5.7
Arecanut 4.5 6.2 1.4
Cashew 10.1 7.5 0.7
Oil Palm 0.80 9.76 12.20

8. HIGH CLEARANCE TRACTOR
FOR OPERATIONS IN VEGETABLE CROPS

9. HIGH CLEARANCE TRACTOR FOR
INTERCULTURE IN VEGETABLE CROPS

10. RAISED BED OR RIDGE CULTIVATION FOR
MECHANIZATION

11. ARTICULATED TRACTOR FOR
FRUIT ORCHARDS
1.Less Height
2.Less Turning Radius
3.Works in both
directions
( Forward and Rear)

12. MACHINERY FOR
SEED BED PREPARATION

13. Use Reversible Mould Board or Disc Plough
0.25 to 0.40 ha/hr
Mould Board Plough
Disc Plough
Reversible M B Plough
Reversible Disc Plough

14. Trailed Disc Harrow
Cultivator
Rotavator
0.60 to 0.90 ha/hr
0.20 to 0.30 ha/hr
Disc Harrow with Transport Wheels

15. DISC HARROW
CUM
CLOD CRUSHER
SUB-SOILER CUM DISC HARROW CUM ROLLER
MULTI OPERATION IMPLEMENTS FOR
TRACTORS ABOVE 60-HP

16. Laser Leveler – to Save Irrigation Water

17. SEED BED PREPARATION MACHINERY
FRUIT AND PLANTATION CROPS
Tractor operated pit hole digger (50-60 cm. dia)
EXCAVATOR
( BACK HOE)

18. SEED BED PREPARATION MACHINERY
FRUIT AND PLANTATION CROPS
Motorized
Auger
ENGINE OPERATED
ENGINE & HYDRAULIC
OPERATED

19. TRACTOR OPERATED DITCHER /
TRENCHER FOR PLANTING GRAPES &
HIGH DENSITY ORCHARDS
Dondi Spa, Italy
Trencher for
planting
pineapple
TRENCHER

20. SEED BED PREPARATION MACHINERY
VEGETABLE AND SEED SPICES CROPS
Ridger
Bed
Former

21. Chisel Plough / Sub Soiler
– for Breaking Hard Pan
& Deeper Penetration of
Roots

22. APPLICATION OF
FERTILIZER

23. Manure spreader-
tipping type trailer
with beater drum –
0.5ha/hr
Oscillating spout fertilizer
broadcaster - 2 ha/hr
FERTILIZER AND FYM SPREADERS
Double disc spin fertilizer
broadcaster for row crops

24. SUBSOILER CUM
FERTILIZER
APPLICATOR AT
DEPTH

25. NURSERY
MACHINERY

26. VEGETABLE NURSERY MANUAL OPERATIONS
PROTRAY & NURSERY IN PROTRAY

27. VARIOUS STAGES OF VEGETABLE
NURSERY UNDER NETHOUSE
SEEDED PROTRAYS SEED GERMINATION IRRIGATION
NURSERY RAIN PROTECTION

28. TRANSPORT OF VEGETABLE NURSERY

29. Media siever – 1 t/hr Power screener
Soil shredder Screening
bucket
Media mixer
– 1 t/hr
PREPATION OF ROOTING MEDIA

30. VEGETABLE NURSERY MACHINERY
Media sterilizer / Boiler
Media filling, dibbling &
sowing machine – 400 trays/hr
Dibbling & sowing machine
-120 trays/hr

31. STEP SEEDER
120 PROTRAY/HR
VISSER

32. Urbinati and Blackmore step seeders
have become popular
1700
rows/hr
2400
rows/hr
6500
rows/hr

33. Automatic protray de-stacking, filling,
dibbling, sowing machine
200-1000 protrays/hr

34. FRUIT, ORNAMENTAL & FORESTRY NURSERY IN PLASTIC BAGS
AND ROOT TRAINERS
MECHANIZATION OF FRUIT AND
ORNAMENTAL NURSERIES
USE ROOT TRAINERS

36. Pouch forming
and filling
Pot filling Transplanter
FRUIT / ORNAMENTAL NURSERY
MACHINERY
Bag filling – 1000bags/hr

37. VEGETABLE NURSERY MACHINERY
Protray sterilization, destacking & stacking machines

38. GRAFTING

39. Grafting Machine (600 plants/hr)
Grafting robots (800-2000 plants/hr)
VEGETABLE GRAFTING

40. GRAFTING OF FRUIT CROPS

41. Bench Grafter , Hand Operated

42. Graft Crafter Units

43. BENCH GRAFTING MACHINE
FOOT OPERATED

44. Grafting
Machines at
Commercial
Nursery
BENCH
GRAFTING
MACHINE

45. CROP PLANTING

46. RAISED BED OR RIDGE CULTIVATION FOR MECHANIZATION
IRRIGATION EARTHING / WEEDING
WEEDING SPRAYING

47. DRIP LINE LAYING & REMOVING
DRIP LINE
INJECTOR
DRIP LINE
LAYING
TRENCHER

48. PLANTING ON RAISED BED OR RIDGES IS
REQUIRED FOR END TO END MECHANIZATION
Ridger - 0.3ha/hr Bed former - 0.3ha/hr
VEGETABLE & SEED SPICES CROP PLANTING
BED FORMING WEEDING ON RAISED BEDS

49. VEGETABLE SEED PLANTING
Seed – cum-fertilzer drill –cum- seed planters 0.8-1.0 ha/hr
Raised Bed Seed Planter
for Okra, Beans & Peas Seed Planter

50. Manual Drawn Drum Seeder for Onion
0.2
ha/hr

51. Animal Drawn Drum Seeder
0.4 ha/hr
Tractor Drawn Drum Seeder - 0.4 ha/hr

52. Field Photo at -
Raguttahally
Crop raised by onion seeder

53. SEED CUM FERTILIZER DRILL FOR ONION
No. of rows - 7. Row spacing - 13 cm
Field capacity - 0.5 ha/h. Operating speed - 5 kmph

54. VACUUM SEED PLANTERS
FOR SOWING VEGETABLES AND SPICES - 0.4-0.6 Ha/Hr

55. POTATO
PLANTING
Automatic finger type
4 row potato planter
Semi automatic disc type
2 row potato planter
SPEED 1 km/hr
0.1-0.2 ha/hr
Semi automatic belt type
2 row potato planter
Semi automatic disc type
4 row potato planter
Automatic disc type
4 row potato planter with fert. attachment
SPEED 3-5 km/hr
0.3 - 0.5 ha/hr

56. POTATO PLANTING
Automatic vertical
bucket belt type potato
planter
SPEED 3-5 km/hr
0.3 - 0.5 ha/hr

57. TAPIOCA PLANTERS
PLANTER FOR LONG STEMS
PLANTER FOR CUT STEMS / SETS

58. VEGETABLE SEEDLING
TRANSPLANTER

59. VEGETABLE SEEDLING TRANSPLANTERS
RAISED BED FORMER CUM TRANSPLANTER -0.15 ha/hr

60. VEGETABLE SEEDLING TRANSPLANTERS
CHILLI CABBAGE OKRA
CAN BE USED FOR Seeds, Tubers and Sets PLANTING

61. Single Row Three Row
PUNCH TYPE TRANSPLANTER
WATER WHEEL TYPE
Watering of seedlings is
also done

62. VEGETABLE SEEDLING TRANSPLANTERS
TRANSPLANTER WITH
SEEDLING HOLDERS
MULCHED FIELD
TRANSPLANTER
ROTARY CUP SEEDLING TRANSPLANTER

63. TRANSPLANTING OF ONIONS
Onion is a transplanted crop in India
consumes lot of labour

64. Onion Transplanter (0.4km/hr) - 0.04 ha/hr
Mr. Pandharinath Sarjerao More , design, seedlings are delivered manually
in the delivery chutes for planting ( 1 -1.5 km/hr) - 1 ha/day
Pegger / punch wheels

65. MULCH LAYING & REMOVING

66. Mulch & drip laying machine Tunnel making machine
Mulch remover
MULCH LAYING AND REMOVING MACHINES

68. STRAW
MULCHER
FOR CROP
PROTECTION

69. WEEDING

70. RAISED BED / RIDGER WEEDER
Capacity - 0.3 to 0.6 ha/hr

71. ROW CROP WEEDER FOR VEGETABLE
WEEDING CUM EARTHING
Tractor mounted - 2 ROW WEEDER

72. VEGETABLE CROP WEEDERS
Weeders with
crop shield
MULTI-ROW ROTOTILLER
Weeds in between rows
Working speed – upto 5 km/hr

73. ROW CROP ROTARY WEEDER (VEGETABLE )
FINGER WEEDER
OLIVER ROTOSARK
1. Suitable for
small weeds
2. Suitable for
transplanted
crops
3. Weeding is
done close to
the plants

74. VEGETABLE CROP WEEDERS
Reigi Weeder
WEEDING IS DONE INBETWEEN ROWS & PLANTS
WORKING SPEED - 2 TO 5 KM / HR BASED ON
PLANT SPACING

75. OFF-SET WEEDERS WITH
OBSTRUCTION SENSOR AND
RETRACTION OF THE WEEDING TOOL
OPERATED BY TRACTOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
ORCHARD WEEDERS

76. OFF-SET WEEDERS FOR ORCHARDS
FOR WEEDING BETWEEN ROWS AND PLANTS
POWER HARROW DISC HARROW
ROTAVATOR BLADE HARROWCULTIVATOR

77. INTER ROW WEEDERS
For high density planting
CULTIVATOR CUM BLADE
HARROW CUM CLOD CRUSHER
CULTIVATOR CUM CLOD
CRUSHER CUM SPIN WEEDER
ADJUSTABLE WIDTH
CULTIVATOR
SPIN WEEDERS WITH HYDRAULIC SENSOR & RETRACTION

78. INTER ROW WEEDERS
For high density planting
CULTIVATOR CUM LEVELLER WITH HYDRAULIC SENSOR & RETRACTION
SPIN WEEDER CUM CULTIVATOR WITH HYDRAULIC RETRACTION

79. MECHANIZATION OF
SPRAYING
TRACTOR OPERATED SPRAYERS FOR
FRUIT, VEGETABLE, SPICES AND
PLANTATION CROPS

80. HYDRAULIC SPRAYER- BOOM SPRAYER
Air Assisted Boom Sprayer Tycoon Sprayer
SPRAYERS FOR VEGETABLE CROPS

81. AIR ASSISTED SPRAYERS
FOR HIGH DENSITY
ORCHARDS
Cima , Italy AMAS,snc. Italy Florida Atomizzatori, Italy

82. AIR ASSISTED
SPRAYERS FOR TREES
& VEGETABLES
Genesini Macchine Agricole
Genesini Macchine Agricole
Florida Atomizzatori HARDI Australia

83. AIR ASSISTED MULTIHEAD SPRAYERS
Croplands
Croplands
Croplands

84. MULTI HEAD SPRAYER
MODIFYING MULTI HEAD SPRAYER AS
COCO- NUT SPRAYER
Croplands
Croplands

85. TUNNEL SPRAYERS
SINGLE ROW TUNNEL / CANOPY SPRAYER
2-ROW CANOPY
SPRAYER

86. ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS
Electrostatic Spraying Systems, USA

87. ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS
Martignani Ing. Italy

88. PRUNING
MACHINERY
HAND TOOLS FOR
PRUNING

89. Pruning Secateurs
Pruning Secateurs with
Fungicide Spray Pump
(Anvil type) (Shear / Bypass type)
CUT & HOLD
PRUNERS

90. Folding Saw
Bow Saw with Guard
Lopper

91. Telescopic Tree Pruner and Pruning Saw
Axe Bill Hook

92. POWERED TOOLS &
MACHINERY FOR PRUNING

93. Felco 820
Felco 800 Felco 800 with battery
Felco 820 with battery
BATTERY OPRATED SECATEURS OR PRUNERS
Cordless battery 4v
electric pruning shear

94. Paterlini
Campagnola
Pneumatic Pruner
Pruner with
Disinfactant Portable
Compressor
Tractor Operated Compressor
Pneumatic Secateurs with Extension Rod
PNEUMATIC
PRUNERS

95. Long Reach
Hydraulic Pruner
Hydraulic pruner Parrot Cutting Heads Palm cutting heads
Afron
Portable
Hydraulic pump Self Propelled
Platform

96. Campagnola
Chain Saw ,Petrol Engine, Pneumatic, Hydraulic,
Electric or Battery Operated
STIHL
Long Reach Chain Saw
ECHO

97. SHOOT REMOVING FOR GRAPES/ TIPPING MACHINE
VINE LEAF SRTIPPER FOR GRAPES

98. TRIMMERS FOR VINE YARD

99. PRE-PRUNERS
FOR VINE YARDS
VINE PRE-PRUNER CUM SHREDDERVINE PRE-PRUNER
Pruning Blades with
Obstruction Sensor and Retractable

100. TREE PRUNERS

101. VEGETABLE HARVESTERS
Potato Harvesters

102. POTATO HAULM CUTTER
Fixed
Blade
Spin Type Oscillating
Blade
Oscillating / Folding
Blade
POTATO DIGGERS / HARVESTERS

103. POTATO HARVESTER WITH AGITATOR ELEVATOR
POTATO HARVESTER WORKING POTATO COLLECTION
0.2-0.3
ha/hr

104. TRACTOR MOUNTED
SINGLE ROW COMBINE
HARVESTERS ARE
SUITABLE FOR INDIA
0.2 Ha/Hr

105. Potato Harvester Combine Trailed Type
Tractor Requirement - 40hp
No. of Sorter / labour - 2 -3

106. ONION HARVESTER
ONION TOPPER ONION HARVESTER (IIHR)
ONION HARVESTER (IIHR) 0.3 ha/hr

107. ONION DIGGER CUM WINDROWER
ONION DIGGER CUM LIFTER
HARVESTED ONION
LEFT FOR CURING

108. TRACTOR MOUNTED ONION TOPPER AND DIGGER
SINGLE BED ONION COMBINE HARVESTER
0.3 ha/hr

109. ONION TOPPERS FOR CURED ONIONS

110. TRACTOR OPERATED CONVEYOR FOR
COLLECTION OF HARVESTED VEGETABLES

111. HARVESTING AIDS FOR
FRUITS

112. HARVESTING
LADDERS

113. Lime harvesterMango harvester
Mango harvester
LONG REACH
HARVESTERS WITH
FIXED BLADE &
COLLECTION NET / PIPE
IIHR Bangalore
IIHR Bangalore
IIHR Bangalore

114. FRUIT HARVESTER
WOLF-Garten Tools
SAPOTA HARVESTER
IIHR, BANGALORE
LONG REACH/ TELESOPIC HARVESTERS WITH
HOOKS AND COLLECTION BAG
NatureGirl Solutions Pvt
Ltd .Bangalore

115. CUT & HOLD
TELESCOPIC
PRUNER / HARVESTER
HARVESTER WITH MOVABLE CUTTING
BLADE & COLLECTION BAG
Environmental Green Products
Environmental Green Products
IIHR

116. Ames Fruit PickerTwister Fruit Picker
Ningbo Beilun Daqi Hengxing
Machinery Co., Ltd.
http://www.edit2yourcredit.com
LONG REACH HARVESTER
WITH HOOKS AND
WIRE BASKET

117. E-tradersquare.com
Yantai Laishan Guangyu Agricultural
Machine Plant, China
HOLD & TWIST HARVESTERS

118. HARVESTING AIDS
Tree branch shaker engine
operated for olives (Stihl)
ENGINE / ELECTRIC /BATTERY OPERATED
BRANCH / CANOPY SHAKERS

119. HARVESTING AIDS
Tree branch
shaker (Stihl)
Canopy shaker
Oscillating type
Canopy shaker
Rotary reel type
ENGINE / ELECTRIC /BATTERY OPERATED
BRANCH / CANOPY SHAKERS

120. HARVESTING PLATFORMS
Self propelled and
single operator
controlled harvesting
platform (AFRON,
Israel)
Self propelled platform for many
fruit pickers Tractor operated
platform for many
fruit pickers with
harvesting aids
IIHR Bangalore

121. Pluk-O-Trak, Machinefabriek (NL) Colheita Mecanizada de Laranja - Schülter
Self propelled harvester with
multi- independent ptatforms

122. ULTRA LIGHT WEIGHT , HIGH REACH HARVESTING
SICKLES FOR COCONUT &OIL PALM

123. ENGINE OPERATED, TELESCOPIC
HARVESTING SICKLES FOR OIL PALM
Cantas

124. TRACTOR MOUNTED HIGH
REACH PLATFORMS FOR
HARVESTING
COCONUT & OIL PALM
AFRON
AFRON
AFRON
DR . BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN
KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI

125. THRESHER FOR SPICES
Thresher for black pepperThresher for seed spices
ON FIELD PROCESSING

126. LARGE SCALE STEAMER FOR TURMERIC
• 12- 15 minutes
• 4 tanks @ 100 kg
• 200 kg/h x 4 tanks
• 0.5 kg / kg of rhizomes
TURMERIC BOILER
PORTABLE TURMERIC BOILER

127. HOT WATER TREATMENT PLANTS &
PACKAGING LINES
Hot water treatment plant
capacity 250 kg/hr 3 tonne/hour

128. Rotary barrel with agitator
Spray washer cum inspection table
Soak tank
WASHERS FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

129. Rotary barrel grader for sapota and potato
MECHANICAL GRADERS
Three concentric barrels for 4 size grading

130. Divergent opening (Roller)
three stage grader
Onion grader –
NRC Onion and Garlic
Divergent aperture rollers / Chain Grader
Orange grader
- NRC Citrus

131. MECHANICAL GRADERS
Grader-oscillating screen CPRI
Three stage screen type grader

132. EXPENDABLE OPENING GRADER

133. Electronic weight / size / colour grading and
packckaging line for different fruits & vegetables

134. CO2- O2 automatic controller CO2 Scrubber N2 Generator
Ethylene scrubber Installation N2 generator CO2 – O2 analyser
CA STORAGE

135. C A STORAGE EQUIPMENTS AT STORAGE
1. C A storage chambers are fully air tight to maintain the desired conditions
2. Each chamber is provided with a balloon to maintain the inside pressure
3. Safety Precautions are to be taken while entering the chambers
Yakima Valley, Washington State, USA is supplying
C A stored apples
through out world through out the year

136. THANKS
Suresh Mandhar
Emeritus Scientist
Ph. 09480637505, 09886385295
Email suresh.mandhar@gmail.com
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
Hessarghatta, Bangalore - 560089