User Interface Analysis and Design focuses on anticipating what users need to do. The goal is to translate how a machine works into how a person thinks through concepts from interaction design, visual design, and information architecture. UI design is an iterative process that involves user and task analysis, interface design with prototypes, and evaluation to refine the design based on usability testing. Key aspects of UI design include following principles like minimizing memory load, allowing undo and recovery from errors, and providing guidance for user diversity.

1. User Interface Analysis and Design
Sumit Singh
User Interface Designer
Infosys Ltd

2. User Interface Analysis and Design
User Interface (UI) Design focuses on anticipating what users might need to do.
Design of websites, computers, appliances, machines, mobile communication
devices, and software applications with the focus on the user's experience and
interaction
UI brings together concepts from interaction
design, visual design, and information architecture.
UI design is the process of taking the way a machine
works and translating it into the way a person thinks.
Everything stems from knowing your users, including
understanding their goals, skills, preferences, and
tendencies.

3. Why to choose This career
Answer My Question:
ASK ALL THESE QUESTION TO YOUR SELF
1. Are you perfect in coding as per company requirement?
2. You are ready to learn programming language java, c, c++ etc?
3. Are you creative person?
4. You like to designing , art work etc?
5. If you like will you know as a engineer what are the career path for you?
Now if you like to go with this career:
1. What skill is needed.
2. Define Career Path.
3. Any training required.
4. How I can approach company for this job.
5. Any Scope of higher studies.
ASK ALL THESE QUESTION TO ME

4. Skill Needed
Are you aware about essential front-end web development languages. – HTML, CSS, JavaScript.
Understanding skilled in modern web and application programming skills – JAVA, PHP etc.
Utilize Adobe Creative Suite programs (Basic Knowledge) - Photoshop, Illustrator, Flash & Flex to
mockup and design UI elements.
Understanding responsive web design to create user interfaces.
Conduct usability testing to identify and fix UI problems, and gather real-world intelligence from their
target market.
Utilize social networking APIs (from Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, Pinterest, etc.) to integrate
social actions.
Collaborate with business and IT decision makers to discuss user interface requirements and brainstorm
UI ideas.
Keep current with the latest trends and best practices of UI/UX design and HCI (human-computer
interaction).
verbal and written communication, team leadership and project management, to effectively
communicate with business decision-makers

5. Human Centered Design
Human centered design as “an approach to systems design and development that aims
to make interactive systems more usable by focusing on the use of the system and
applying human factors/ergonomics and usability knowledge and techniques
A growing set of human
centered design tools are used
for simulating intuitions,
opportunities and possible
futures for purposes of
emersion, reflection and
discussion.

6. Goal: Present a formal and methodological approach for the specification of
user interfaces integrated in the software development process.
Object-Oriented approach which covers the phases of
ImplementationDesignAnalysis
User Interface Model:
1) Task Model
2) User Model
3) Domain Model
4) Dialog Model
5) Presentation Model
* Model-Based
Code Generation
Models of Design
* Object-Oriented
Specification
Language OASIS-UI

7. Advantages of the Model-Based approach:
User-centered development process.
Centralised UI specification.
Design tools for an interactive and automated development.
UI design reuse.

8. Good and bad design
• What is wrong with the
remote on the right?
• Why is the TiVo remote so
much better designed?
– Peanut shaped to fit in hand
– Logical layout and color-
coded, distinctive buttons
– Easy to locate buttons

9. Interaction Design
Concept/understanding how one/individual interacts with an entity and how to design
the process of interaction of that individual with the entity. that entity can be anything
you pick it to be, for example your car, or your toaster, web browser and website that
you view in a browser.
What does an Interaction Designer do?
An interaction designer is a key player throughout the entire development process.
They will typically perform the following activities as part of a project team:

10. Interaction Design
• Need to take into account:
– Who the users are
– What activities are being carried out
– Where the interaction is taking place
• Need to optimize the interactions users have with a
product
– So that they match the users’ activities and needs
What to design

11. Interaction design

12. 12
Keypad numbers layout
• A case of external inconsistency
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8 9
1 2 3
4 5 6
0 0
(a) phones, remote controls (b) calculators, computer keypads

13. Key points
• Interaction design is concerned with designing interactive products to
support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and
working lives
• It is concerned with how to create quality user experiences
• It requires taking into account a number of interdependent factors,
including context of use, type of activities, cultural differences, and user
groups
• It is multidisciplinary, involving many inputs from wide-reaching disciplines
and fields

14. User Interface Analysis and Design
Interface design focuses on the following
• The design of interfaces between software components
• The design of interfaces between the software and other nonhuman
producers and consumers of information
• The design of the interface between a human and the computer
User interface analysis and design has
to do with the study of people and how
they relate to technology
Spiral Process

15. Interface analysis (user, task, and environment analysis)
Focuses on the profile of the
users who will interact with the system.
Concentrates on users, tasks,
content and work environment .
Studies different models of system
function (as perceived from the outside).
Delineates the human- and computer-oriented
tasks that are required to achieve system function.
Interface design
Defines a set of interface objects and actions
(and their screen representations) that enable
a user to perform all defined tasks in a manner
that meets every usability goal defined for the system.
Interface construction
Begins with a prototype that enables
usage scenarios to be evaluated.
Continues with development tools
to complete the construction.
Interface validation, focuses on
The ability of the interface to implement every
user task correctly, to accommodate all task
variations, and to achieve all general user
requirements. The degree to which the interface
is easy to use and easy to learn. The users'
acceptance of the interface as a useful tool in their work.
Spiral Process

16. User Control
Define interaction modes in a way that does not force a user into
unnecessary or undesired actions
The user shall be able to enter and exit a mode with little
or no effort (e.g., spell check  edit text  spell check)
Provide for flexible interaction
The user shall be able to perform the same action via
keyboard commands, mouse movement, or voice recognition
Allow user interaction to be interruptible
and ‘’undo“ able

17. Hide technical internals from the casual user

18. Design for direct interaction with objects that appear on the screen

19. Reduce demand on short-term memory

20. Establish meaningful defaults

21. Define shortcuts that are intuitive

22. The visual layout of the interface should be based on a real world metaphor

23. Disclose information in a progressive fashion

24. Allow the user to put the current task into a meaningful context

25. Maintain consistency across a family of applications

26. If past interactive models have created user expectations, do not make changes
unless there is a compelling reason to do so

27. User Analysis Questions
1) Are the users trained professionals, technicians, clerical or manufacturing workers?
2) What level of formal education does the average user have?
3) Are the users capable of learning on their own from written materials or have they
expressed a desire for classroom training?
4) Are the users expert typists or are they keyboard phobic?
5) What is the age range of the user community?
6) Will the users be represented predominately by one gender?
7) How are users compensated for the work they perform or are they volunteers?
8) Do users work normal office hours, or do they work whenever the job is required?
9) Is the software to be an integral part of the work users do, or will it be used only
occasionally?
10) What is the primary spoken language among users?
11) What are the consequences if a user makes a mistake using the system?
12) Are users experts in the subject matter that is addressed by the system?
13) Do users want to know about the technology that sits behind the interface?
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28. Introduction
• User interface design is an iterative process, where each iteration
elaborate and refines the information developed in the preceding step
• General steps for user interface design
1) Using information developed during user interface analysis, define user
interface objects and actions (operations)
2) Define events (user actions) that will cause the state of the user interface to
change; model this behavior
3) Depict each interface state as it will actually look to the end user
4) Indicate how the user interprets the state of the system from information
provided through the interface
• During all of these steps, the designer must
– Always follow the three golden rules of user interfaces.
– Model how the interface will be implemented.
– Consider the computing environment (e.g., display technology, operating
system, development tools) that will be used.
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29. Guidelines for Error Messages
• The message should describe the problem in plain language that a typical
user can understand
• The message should provide constructive advice for recovering from the
error
• The message should indicate any negative consequences of the error (e.g.,
potentially corrupted data files) so that the user can check to ensure that
they have not occurred (or correct them if they have)
• The message should be accompanied by an audible or visual cue such as a
beep, momentary flashing, or a special error color
• The message should be non-judgmental
– The message should never place blame on the user
29
An effective error message philosophy can do much to improve the quality
of an interactive system and will significantly reduce user frustration when
problems do occur

30. Questions for Menu Labeling and
Typed Commands
• Will every menu option have a corresponding command?
• What form will a command take? A control sequence? A function key? A
typed word?
• How difficult will it be to learn and remember the commands?
• What can be done if a command is forgotten?
• Can commands be customized or abbreviated by the user?
• Are menu labels self-explanatory within the context of the interface?
• Are submenus consistent with the function implied by a master menu
item?
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31. Design and Prototype Evaluation
• Before prototyping occurs, a number of evaluation criteria can be applied
during design reviews to the design model itself
– The amount of learning required by the users
• Derived from the length and complexity of the written specification and its interfaces
– The interaction time and overall efficiency
• Derived from the number of user tasks specified and the average number of actions
per task
– The memory load on users
• Derived from the number of actions, tasks, and system states
– The complexity of the interface and the degree to which it will be accepted by
the user
• Derived from the interface style, help facilities, and error handling procedures
31(More on next slide)

32. Design and Prototype Evaluation
(continued)
• Prototype evaluation can range from an informal test drive to a formally
designed study using statistical methods and questionnaires
• The prototype evaluation cycle consists of prototype creation followed by
user evaluation and back to prototype modification until all user issues are
resolved
• The prototype is evaluated for
– Satisfaction of user requirements
– Conformance to the three golden rules of user interface design
– Reconciliation of the four models of a user interface
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33. UI design principles
● UI design must take account of the needs, experience and capabilities of the system
users.
● Designers should be aware of people’s physical and mental limitations (e.g. limited
short-term memory) and should recognize that people make mistakes.
● UI design principles underlie interface designs although not all principles are
applicable to all designs.
● Recoverability
• The system should provide some resilience to
user errors and allow the user to recover from errors. This
might include an undo facility, confirmation of destructive
actions, 'soft' deletes, etc.
● User guidance
• Some user guidance such as help systems, on-line
manuals, etc. should be supplied
● User diversity
• Interaction facilities for different types of user should be
supported. For example, some users have seeing
difficulties and so larger text should be available