1. Qing Dynasty (pure)
1644-1911
The last dynasty in Chinese history

2.  Two foreign reigns in Chinese history
 Yuan Dynasty –Mongolians
 Genghis Khan
 Qing Dynasty – Manchurians
 Nurhachi
Foreign rule

3. Eight banners
troops

4. Dorgon Manchurian ruling

5.  Taiping rebellion Boxer Rebellion
 (1850-1864) (1898-1903)
 1644 1911

 Kang xi Qianglong
 1662-1722 1736-1795 opium wars Tongzhi
 (1839-1860) restoration
 (1862-1874) 100 day’s reform
Ruling time

6.  One of the most successful emperors in Chinese
history (61 years of ruling)
 Tours of inspections of the south
 Compiled history books, encyclopedia, and Kangxi
Dictionary
Emperor Kang Xi

9.  Politically Manchu conquered China
 Culturally they were called “uncivilized northern tribe”
 Culturally Manchu was greatly sinocized by Chinese
culture
 Early Qing emperors studied Chinese classics and
Confucianism books systematically
 Kangxi could recite the Four Books and Five Classics
Balancing Manchurian culture and
Han Chinese traditions

10.  Qing rulers adopted various Chinese political
institutions
 Assimilated sophisticated Chinese beliefs and way of
life
 Chinese culture was also influenced by Manchurian
culture, such as the language “Mandarin”
 Qipao
Mutual influence

12.  During his reign, the territory expanded to its
greatest size
 Compiled the Complete Library of Four Treasuries
 (3,000 volumes of Chinese poetry and prose)
Emperor Qianlong

15.  served as a means to control trade with the west
 focused all trade on the southern port of Canton
(now Guangzhou)
 Was highly resented by the foreign traders
 Trading product: silk, porcelain, tea
Canton System
一口通商

16. -numerous military campaigns
- Corruption and extravagance
- Growing population 450 million
- Incompetent government
The Decline of Qing

17. The Opium Wars
1st Opium War (1839-1842)
2nd Opium War (1856-1860)
The coming of Modernity

18. The biggest peasant uprising in China’s history
Set up a rival dynasty in Nanjing
The Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace ( taiping tianguo)
Controlled a large portion of territory
Taiping Rebellion

19. Posed a serious challenge to the Manchu dynasty
Has great implications in later time
- Inspiration of Communist revolution
- Source of rejection of Confucianism
- Source of the idea of communism (collective cultivation of the
land)
- Equality of the sexes and the prohibition of concubinage
arranged marriages, foot-binding, opium-smoking, and
gambling.)

20.  Tong zhi Restoration (1862-1874)
 Self-strengthening movement
 -Zongli Yamen to deal with foreign powers
 -non-traditional subjects such as math were offered
 -arsenals and shipyards were built
 -policy studies and questions on governance became
the focus
Qing Restoration

21.  Guangxu (puppet emperor)
 Kang Youwei
 Liang Qichao
 Tan Sitong
 Sun Yat-Sen
One Hundred Day’s Reform

22.  The goal of the reform is to turn the imperial system
into a constitutional monarchy or republic
government
 The reform threatened the interests of upper class
group and the reign of Ci Xi (Empress Dowager)
 Emperor Guangxu was arrested, Kang and Liang fled,
and Tan was executed.

23.  Guangxu died in 14th Nov 1908
 Ci xi 15th Nov 1908
 100 years of cold case
 2008 confirmed that he was poisoned to death
 Ci xi / eunuchs / Yuan Shikai

25. Emperess Dowager Cixi

26.  an imperial concubine for the Xianfeng
 After Xianfeng’s death, she attended state affairs
behind the throne
 unofficially but effectively controlled the
Manchu Qing dynasty in China for 47 years, from 1861
to her death in 1908
 Was claimed for the collapse of the Qing dynasty
 the most notorious empress in Chinese imperial
history

27. -resentment towards foreign power
-target: Christian missionaries and foreign embassies
-was originally anti-qing movement
-was used later to fight for foreign power
-surpressed by the Eight Nation Alliance
Boxer rebellion

28.  Puyi
 12th Feb 1012
The last Emperor