Forestation

1. FORESTATION

2. DEFINITION
• Forestation means establishment of a forest
naturally or artificially on an area which was
previously for forests or not so as to cover the
area with tree or forest

3. The word forest derived
from Latin word foris
which means outside

4. Forest
A forest is a natural, self sustaining
community. It is characterized by the presence
of trees, which are large, generally single
stemmed plants.

5. Benefits of forests
• Source of energy
• Source of food
• Provide shelter
• Provide a number of products
• Conserve the soil
• Maintain climate

7. Forest ecosystem cycle

8. Reasons for change in compositions
and structure of forests
• Natural Succession
• Natural disturbances
• Human disturbances

9. DEFORESTATION
• Deforestation is defined as the
unscrupolous and indiscriminate
destruction of indigenous forests and
wood lands

10. Causes of deforestation
Over grazing
of live stock
Human
Activities
Natural
Calamities
Over
population

11. Effects of deforestation
• Deprivation of shelter for birds, insects and food for
animals and human beings
• Decreased Oxygen and increased carbon dioxide
• Scarcity of fuel wood
• Increase draughts
• Melting of ice caps causing floods
• Loss of cultural diversity
• Increased soil erosion
• Increased pollution

12. Effects of deforestation
• Decreased availability of food products
• Depletion of soil nutrients
• Global warming
• Increased aridity
• Rise in the sea level
• Global green house effect
• Biological diversity

13. Prevention of Deforestation
• Use recycled products
• When cutting down trees single out full-grown specimens
and spare younger varieties
• use the same portion of land to plant different crops. Use
alternate sources of energy such as cooking gas instead of
wood
• Avoid wastage of forest products.
• Prohibit deforestation
• Encourage reforestation

14. Prevention of Deforestation
• Use of pesticides to reduce damage to forests.
• Control the forest fire created by human activity due to carelessness.
• Use of modern technology
• Reduce demand though through technological interventions.
• Strengthening the central and state forestry administration and
institutions.
• Expansion of forest area can be achieved by implanting trees in
forest with people’s participation.
• Celebrate Environment day to create awareness among people about
how forestation can help in improving environment

15. Plan and policies for forestation and
prevention of deforestation
• Indian forest act,1927
• Van Mahotsava
• National forest policy
• Chipko movement
• Van Samrakshan Samiti
• National Forestry Actions Programme,1999

16. Indian forest act,1927
Objectives
• To conserve and protect the
forests
• To ensure judicious use of
forest products.
Three forest officers
Duties
Prohibition of clearing of land
Manage forest and protect officers

17. National forest policy,1952
• Recommended that 30 percent of land
area of country should be covered with
forest
• In India, forests forms only 23 percent of
total land area.
• Central and state government started
afforestation programmes such as agro
forestry, social forestry and urban forestry.

18. Van Mahotsava
• Since 1950
• Celebrated twice a year in the month
of February and July
• Deals with plantation of trees.
• Started by Union Ministry of
Agriculture and food K.M. Munsi

19. National forest policy,1988
Aim
• To ensure environmental sustainability and
maintenance of ecological balance including
atmospheric stability which is vital for the
sustenance of all forms of plants, animals and
human beings.

20. National forest policy,1988
Objectives
• Conserving the natural heritage
• Increasing forest/tree cover substantially
through afforestation and social forestry
programmes.
• Meeting the requirement for fuel wood, fodder
and small timber for rural and tribal population

21. National forest policy,1988
Objectives
• Increasing productivity of forests.
• Encouraging efficient utilization of
forest produce.
• Creating a massive people’s
movement
• Maintaining environmental stability

22. National Forest Policy (2011)
Aim
• To ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, forest
management for optimum combinations of
productive, protective, recreational, aesthetic,
scientific and educational benefits, and to
contribute to the national economy and
livelihoods.

23. National Forest Policy (2011)
The strategies include:
• Provision of recreational and educational opportunities in forest
areas
• Construct amenity facilities to enhance the recreational experience
• Enactment of legislation for parks and other protected areas
• Conservation of unique and representative flora, fauna, geology,
landscapes, archaeology and other intrinsic features
• Promote participatory management of parks with local communities
and interest groups.

24. Chipko movement,1973
• Started in hilly areas of Uttar
Pradesh
• For prevention of deforestation
against relentless process of forest
destruction.
• The movement got victory in 1982
and Mrs. Indira Gandhi banned the
falling of trees for 15 years.

25. Vana Samrakshan Samiti
The local /indigeneous
people were involved
who were residing at
the periphery of forests.

26. National Forestry Actions
Programme,1999
• Plan of next 20 years
Purpose
• To find out the issues and
programmes to achieve
sustainable forestry development
by coordinated efforts.

27. National Forestry Actions Programme,1999
Protect
existing
forest
resources
Improve
forest
productivity
Reduce
total
demand
Strengthen
the policy
and
institutional
network
Expand the
forest area