Architectural conservation essentials

YCMOU RIZVI COLLEGE OFARCHITECTURE

Architectural conservation
•Ar.Suvarna Lele.
•2.Ar.Jamshedji Bhivandiwala.
•3Ar.Tania Shah.
•4.Ar.Dhiraj Salhotra.
•5.Ar.Chakor Mehta.

SEM XII

• Heritage
• Conservation
Objectives Goals Ethics
Integrated Conservation & process.
Humayun’s Tomb
Conservation Management
Heritage regulation in MUMBAI
• Restoration

ArchItectural conservatIon

HERITAGE
HERITAGE Not only about built heritage
but includes certain distinctive open
areas, neighborhoods, and environs
which are of historical, aesthetic,
cultural or sociological interest and
value which we would like to preserve
for the posterity as they enrich our
CONSERVATION history and traditions
CONSERVATION
Conserving and preserving the
Heritage of our historical possession
in its pristine and original form, so
that it continues to portray its original
beauty, distinctive character, unique
style or use or association with a
distinctive historical personality or
PRECINCTS event.

Heritage characteristics to be
preserved or conserved are
identified as elevational features,
HERITAGE floor heights, cornices, special
carvings designs, motifs,
architectural style, roof-scape
etc.
PRECINTS
A neighbourhood or an area which has
CONSERVATION buildings of more or less similar
character, Style or Features, etc. and
which collectively have a group value of
special features. These provide a unique
and distinctive character to such
neighbourhood or area as a whole and
need to be preserved.
PRECINCTS Examples are- Old village
settlements like khotachi Wadi,
matharpakadi, Old Bandra village etc.


Heritage Literally is defined as
Which is inherited or
transmitted by our ancestors or
by past ages.
As per Heritage Regulations it
is defined as –
Buildings/ Artifacts/
Structures/ Areas and Precincts
of Historic and or Aesthetic
and/ or Architectural and/ or
Cultural value.
Heritage regulations include not
only structures and buildings
but also open spaces such as
Azad, Cross and Oval maidans,
Vistas such as Apollo Bunder
and Horniman Circle, The
seafront promenade etc.

Heritage
In pre-independence phase
Mansara
Philosophy and technical details of
ancient practices were well
documented in ancient texts.
1862, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
estab. under Sir Alexander Cunningham.
1904, The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act
Sir John Marshall became its first
Director General-(instilled a strong
professional culture in the institution and
compiled the Manual for Conservation to
guide its practice).
(Empowered the ASI to protect
monuments of national importance).


Heritage
In post-independence phase
1958, The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological
Sites and Remains Act was passed to
replace the Colonial Act.
These Acts consolidated the idea
that architectural heritage consisted only of
exemplary buildings and that its protection
was primarily the responsibility of the
government.
1984, The Indian National Trust for Art and
Cultural Heritage (INTACH) was founded.
2004, INTACH adopted Charter for the
conservation of unprotected architectural
heritage and sites in India.


Heritage
ROLE OF
INTACH
Institutionalized the practice of
conservation.
Spread awareness of the need to
conserve.
Initiated to train conservation
professionals
Began documenting the diverse
manifestation of architectural heritage.
Undertook a variety of conservation
works of unprotected architectural
heritage outside the purview of the ASI
or SDA.

CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION OF

UNPROTECTED ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

AND SITES Drawing upon the experience of the INTACH

Respecting contributions of the (ASI) & (SDA)
IN INDIA
Valuing various International Charters

Acknowledging resource of the ‘living’ heritage
Conscious

Recognizing , the concept of jeernodharanam

Noting the growing role of a trained cadre of
conservation architects

Convinced that it is necessary to value and conserve the
unprotected architectural heritage and sites in India.

Heritage
RegulationsImposes restrictions on the development of buildings and
precincts listed.

Provision for formulating a Heritage Conservation Committee
to advice the Municipal commissioner of implementing
regulation.

Categorization of listed buildings under categories of
Heritage Grade-I, II (A & B) and III.

Provision for TDR in case full development of property
cannot be allowed.

Maintaining skyline by restricting height of development
around the precinct.
Creation of a repair fund to carry out the urgent repairs to
conserve the building


Conservation
THE NEED
The majority of India’s architectural heritage and
sites are unprotected. They constitute a unique
civilization legacy.
This unprotected heritage embodies values of
enduring relevance to contemporary Indian
society.
Conserving the ‘living’ heritage, therefore, offers
the potential ways of conserving a building.
Conserving the unprotected architectural heritage
and sites ensures the survival of the country’s
sense of place and its very character in a
globalizing environment.
This ‘living’ heritage also has symbiotic
relationships with the natural environments within
which it originally evolved.

Conservation
THE NEED
Awareness in common citizen

Lack of political will

Obsolete rent control and cessed properties Act

External funding

Knowledge resource

Cost

Threat from aesthetic domination


Conservation
OBJECTIVE The objective of conservation is to maintain the
significance of the architectural heritage or site.
Significance is constituted in both the tangible and
intangible forms.
The tangible heritage includes historic buildings of all
periods, their setting in the historic precincts of
cities and their Relationship to the natural
environment.
Conservation of architectural heritage and sites must
retain meaning for the society in which it exists.
Where the evidence of the tangible or intangible
architectural heritage exists in fragments, it is
necessary to conserve it, even in part, as
representative of a historic past.
The overarching objective for undertaking unprotected
architectural heritage and sites is to establish the
efficacy of conservation as a development goal.


Conservation
BUILT HERITAGE
Built heritage means those buildings,
artifacts, structures, areas and precincts
that are of historic, aesthetic, architectural
significance and include natural features
within such areas or precincts of
environmental significance or scenic beauty
such as sacred groves,hills,hillocks,open
areas, wooded areas etc.The cultural
landscape around heritage site is critical
for the interpretation of the site and its
built heritage and thus is very much its
integral part.

Conservation
OBJECTIVE OF CONSERVING BUILT HERITAGE
The conservation of built
heritage is generally perceived
to be in long term interest of
society. This can be better
understood if categorized under

“ECONOMIC, CULTURAL and
ENVIRONMENTAL”

although they are not mutually
exclusive and,indeed,they are
often interlocked.


Conservation
GOALS Retain visual identity.

Adaptive re-use.

Restoration/ Replication/

Rebuilding.

Employment generation.

Local material and traditional technology.

Integrated conservation.

Sustainability.

Conservation
Authenticity
ETHICS
Conjecture

Integrity

Patina

Rights of the indigenous community

Respect for the contributions of all
periods

Inseparable bond with setting

Conservation
ETHICS
Minimal intervention

Minimal loss of fabric

Reversibility

Legibility

Demolish/ Rebuild

Relationship between the conservation
architect and the community

Conservation
INTEGRATED PROCERURE
Establishing criteria for listing buildings.

Survey and inspection of buildings and areas.

Designating conservation areas to maintain and enhance
their character and integrity.

Establishing the implications of listing buildings

Designing controls and guidelines


Conservation
INTEGRATED PROCERURE
Setting financial and other incentives

Training building craftsmen

Establishing the mechanism for operating an
area conservation programme

Establishing an advisory body as part of the
city or regional authority

Training planners, architects and urban
administrators in conservation.

Conservation process
STAGE I

Understanding the place

Gathering evidence (documentary and
physical)

Co-coordinating and analysis evidence

Assessing and stating significance

STAGE II
Conservation policy and its implementation

Gathering information for the development of conservation

Requirements for retention of Significance

Physical condition External Requirements

Client’s requirements or feasible uses Developing conservation
policy

Stating conservation policy and evolving strategies and
options for its implementation

LISTING
Inventory of properties/ buildings on criteria:
Historic significance

Historic integrity

Historic context

Mapping of vernacular architecture and historic settlements

Methodology
Background research

Field work

GRADING
Charter recommends that buildings and sites be classified as Grade I, IIA ,II
Band III in descending order of importance.

Objectives:

Preserve through the ages an active historical heritage, which is completely
utilized by modern society, through restoration and rehabilitation activities.

Scientific conservation procedures are encouraged to preserve original forms
and materials.

Necessary interventions for adapting to modern way of life are permitted.

Emphasize on ‘Authenticity’. Tendencies to falsify or creating stylistic imitations are
severely discouraged.

Grade i Grade II (A& B) Grade III
Buildings and precincts Buildings of regional or local Buildings or precincts of
Of national or historical importance Importance for the townscape
importance

No interventions Internal changes would be External and internal
Would be allowed on the allowed Changes and adaptive reuse
Exterior or interior But external subjected to Would be allowed
scrutiny

Naval dockyard State bank of India bldng. Evelyn House
Sir j j institute of Arts


Management in Conservation

Role of local communities

Role of INTACH

•To facilitate & coordinate with Govt. and other interested groups

•Establish benchmarks for professional fees and its adherence.

•Review Charter and revise if required every 5 years.

•Institutionalize conservation of unprotected architectural heritage sites all over
India.


Role of Local Chapters
•Promote culture of conservation
•Make inventory of architectural heritage
•Compile an annual State of the Architectural
Heritage Report.

Role of Regional & Central offices

•Compile an annual State of Architectural Heritage
Report .
•Establish Inter-disciplinary Advisory Committees for
grading of listed buildings and sites.


THE REVITALISATION OF THE
GARDENS OF EMPEROR HUMAYUN’S TOMB,
DELHI, INDIA


INTRODUCTION

The first privately funded restoration of a World Heritage
Site in India, March 2003
through the joint efforts of the Aga Khan Trust for
Culture (AKTC) and the Archaeological Survey of India
(ASI), under the aegis of the National Culture Fund.

Objective

The objective of the project was to revitalize the garden
according to the original plans of the builders.


HISTORY
The tomb is one of the 23 World Heritage Sites in India.
The chahâr-bâgh, or four-part paradise garden, is the earliest existing
example.
tomb was built over nearly a decade beginning around 1565 (AH
973).
Influenced by Persian architecture.
The architect, Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, was a Persian from Herat, in current-
day Afghanistan.
It is the earliest example of the use of red sandstone and white marble
in such great quantities.

IMPLEMENTATION

Site works encompassed a variety of disciplines:
Archaeological excavation
Application of conservation science
Hydraulic engineering.


Features of implementation
Removal of truckloads of earth (12,000 cubic metres),
Planting of 12 hectares of lawn,
Re-setting and alignment of over 3,500 kilometres of path
kerbstones,
Preparation by some 60 stonecutters of 3,000 metres of hand-
dressed red sandstone slabs (to edge the channels),
Creation of 128 ground-water recharge pits and the de-silting and
creation of other wells.
Creation of a site exhibition,
Planning and installation of a new water-circulation system for the
walkway channels,
Planting of 2,500 trees and plants according to Mughal texts,
Repair of fountains, wells and rainwater-harvesting systems,
Provision of wheelchair access to a significant part of the site.


Illumination

Documentation

Wells

Earth Removal

Pathway Repair

Pathway surface: Over 25,000 square metres of
pathways in the garden enclosure were repaired.
edging stones: 3,200 metres of the large, Delhi
quartzite, pathway-edging stones were reset.


SUMMARY
The rehabilitation project included the following main elements:
· Reinstating the walkways and conserving the edging stones,
· Repair, extension and reactivation of the irrigation system,
· Establishing water sources for the water channels and irrigation
system, including a pump station for a water-recycling system,
· Conserving, repairing and rebuilding the water channel system,
· Re-leveling the planted zones and revitalizing them with species
and arrangements that conform to the customs and patterns of
Mughal sources.
· Support for research.


A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Excavations
Archival Research
Benches
Craftsmanship
stone carving
preparation of lime mortar for masonry.
Material
Lime
Sandstone
Minor Structures
Octagonal Platform (used as ceremonial royal tent)
Wall Mosque
Grave Platform.
Wheel chair Access
Children’ s Workshop
To introduce the children to the significance of their heritage.
To make each child understand the need and benefits of conservation.
To make the study of history and architecture interesting.


MUMBAI

Mumbai’s heritage regulation no 67 formulated in the
year 1995 Under
Maharshtra regional and town planning Act in the
purview of the urban development department

Regulation no. 67 is defined as conservation of listing
buildings, common areas, artifacts, structures and
precincts of historical / or aesthetical /or
architectural/or cultural value

The regulation 67 provides for
Application of development control rules
Restriction on development /redevelopment/repairs.
Preparation of heritage list of buildings and precincts.
Power to alter, modify or relax regulations.
Hearing etc to persons likely to be affected.
Grant of transferable development rights.
Maintaining skyline.
Restrictive covenants.
Repair fund
Grading of listed buildings/precincts

YCMOU RIZVI COLLEGE OFARCHITECTURE
OFARCHITECTURE

KHOTACHIWADI
SEM XII

Khotachiwadi
A cocooned in the interiors of a
commercially active hub of Girgaum
area, is a quiet and placid settlement
of Khotachiwadi.
A unique settlement of low-lying,
Mangalore tiled sloping roof houses
with narrow pedestrian lanes, multitude
of crosses and shrines and elegant
detailing.


Khotachiwadi
The area is demarcated as
the central core area,
transitional buffer area and
outer peripheral area
according to the
concentration of heritage
buildings there.
It is observed that the
peripheral area has Periphery area
undergone greater physical
transformation, perhaps as Buffer Area
the result of the Core Area
commercial area around.
Extended precinct Boundary


Khotachiwadi
The planning elements that lend a
characteristic ambience to Khotachiwadi
are:
Roofs cape
A typical sloping roof of Mangalore
tiles, with a timber-eaves fascia
and bargeboard is mostly seen
here.
Street edge
With houses directly abutting the
street and with no visible front
setback, forms a very strong element
setback
in planning.
Even when the house is slightly set back
from the street, a low compound wall with
gates takes the place.


Khotachiwadi
Front porch/verandah
The front porch, with a sloping roof and
timber or cast iron balustrade, form a
social connection between the house and
street.
The sitting system of timber benches or
“otla” of concrete or stone are also
common.
External timber staircase
A timber staircase leading from the
front verandah to the upper floors
with ornate balustrade and handrails
are also seen.

Khotachiwadi
The core area is conceived as the most valuable section of the precinct. This
area has undergone minimum transformations and has survived the urban
demand.
The conservation guidelines for development are as mentioned:
a) Development plan
The boundaries of Khotachiwadi should be extended.

b) Amalgamation of plots
Clubbing of existing property shall not be permitted as this would lead to
high-rise construction.
c) Demolition of buildings
No building in the area shall be allowed to demolish and if demolition is
absolutely necessary then the original status should be retained.

Khotachiwadi
d) Road widening

To reduce motorized traffic, no road
widening should be permitted as it
might damage the building line and also
this area is meant only for pedestrian
circulation.
e) Grade III structures

Any development, redevelopment,
repairs, additions, alterations to
the existing structures should be
referred to the heritage
committee.

Khotachiwadi
f) Neighborhood landmarks and street shrines

The position and placement of the
landmarks are to be retained but not
necessarily their design.
No additional landmarks shall be permitted.
g) Open spaces
All open spaces, whether private or public, shall be maintained.
h) The allowable FSI is 1.33.

(i) Modifications to the façade and architectural features
•Replacement should also be avoided, but if the
building is completely in despair, duplication
should be sensitively treated.


Khotachiwadi
j) Sign, signage and street furniture

The entrance to the precinct should be
highlighted by a signage.

Road names should appear at the end
of streets, demarcating a one-way or
two-way road.

Building name and number should be
displayed on the main façade.

Predominantly pedestrianised, needs
an up gradation.

Appropriate street furniture should be added.

Khotachiwadi
(k) Height
restriction As the integral nature of
khotachiwadi is of low-rise cluster of
G+1 one-storied cottages, this
pattern should be maintained.
Maximum height of G+2 is
permitted.
Provision of attic floor is also
allowed.
(l) Façade control and finishes

The prevalent colour
scheme of lime-based
or non-oil based
paints are allowed.
Under no
circumstances is
cladding allowed.


Khotachiwadi
(m) Change of activity and user

•As khotachiwadi is predominantly a residential
neighbourhood, under no circumstances would
clubbing of property, to accommodate
commercial use be permitted.
•With a unique ambience of vernacular domestic
architecture and a picturesque street character of
low-rise buildings, kotachiwadi has miraculously
survived the onslaught of the mindless building
activity going on around.
•Regular maintenance and all the mentioned precautions
are necessary in order to prevent this area from
degeneration.

Restoration Determining the Purpose of

INVESTIGATION Investigation

PROCEDURE Investigators and Investigative Skills

Looking More Closely at Historic

Building Materials and Features

Architectural Evidence: Studying the

Fabric of the Historic Building.

Weighing the Evidence

Keeping a Responsible Record for Future

Investigators


Restoration
ARCHITECTURAL Masonry work
INVESTIGATION
& REPAIRS Plaster work

Wood work.

Structural repairs

Iron and Steel


Restoration
ARCHITECTURAL INVESTIGATION
1.Determining the Purpose of Investigation

2.Investigators and Investigative Skills

3.Looking More Closely at Historic Building Materials and
Features

4.Architectural Evidence: Studying the Fabric of the Historic
Building:

5.After Architectural Investigation: Weighing the Evidence

6.Keeping a Responsible Record for Future Investigators


Architectural Investigation

In many cases, new materials or coverings
are placed directly over existing exterior Raking light is used to show
features preserving the original irregularities on flat surfaces.
Careful examination of the masonry materials underneath. Here, the removal of Patches, repairs, and alterations
reveals different 'periods of construction a modern shingle roof and its underpayment can then be mapped by the
and repair through the composition and revealed an historic standing seam shadows or ghosts they cast
detailing of bricks and mortar metal roof.

Discarded items are
routinely stored within
attics, then forgotten only
to be discovered during a Exploratory testing was
Destructive investigation can later investigation. used to verify
Analyzing the nail technology be limited to small areas where Seemingly worthless debristhe location of an
can help establish the period of evidence can be predicted may help answer many abandoned fireplace.
construction and provide such as walls being re-built questions.
other important information. in a different location


Maintenance and rebuilding of old masonry
Historical Context Mortar for Brick and Stone Jointing Styles in Brick and Stone

Inspecting & Analyzing Masonry Problems

Traces of tuck pointing Brick damaged by
Deterioration of pure
Masonry Repair Procedures sandblasting lime mortar

Rebuilding
Repainting

Poor example

Excellent example

Conservation of iron and steel
Reconstruction and rebuilding

Parts of hereford screen

The Hereford Screen.
Wrought iron
tracery arch, showing the
restored
paint and gilding scheme
and the intricate assembly
of the parts


Repairing woodwork

Hand finished period detail Structural member frame repair
Repairing windows

Porch balustrade repair Reproduction of newel post Typical wrought
damage


Structural restoration and repairs

Paint analysis
expert Bob
Furhoff working
in the Campbell
Parlor, 1998.
© Campbell House
Foundation 2004

The exterior restoration, 2001. The exterior restoration, 2001.
© Campbell House Foundation 2004© Campbell House Foundation 2004

A representative example
is the
Philadelphia National
Bank building,
for which we replaced
ver 100,000
SF of brick veneer
and brick trusses,
furnishing new
anchorage throughout.
Artist drawing for restoring
the Parlor ceiling.
© Campbell House
Foundation 2004 Artist drawing for restoring
the Parlor ceiling.
ArchItectural
© Campbell House Foundation 2004
conservatIon

The cresting shows
the intricate
polychromy. 250
paint samples were
analysed under a
microscope to
establish the paint
layer sequence


The wrought iron
scrolls,
foliage and roundels
were carefully
dismantled
and cleaned locally to
remove any traces of
rust.
Surviving areas of
original paint were
isolated with an acrylic
consolidant before
repainting


THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS
6.The appointment of
1. Poor non-specialists
3. Cement-rich
maintenance
pointing

4. Inappropriate cleaning

5. Rapid heating systems

2. Sealing damp in with modern renders,
sealants and concrete floors

M
7. Unsympathetic alterations and repairs
a
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ArchItectural
b
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REPAIRING OF PLASTER WORK

Typical elements of
plaster decorations on facades


REPAIRING OF PLASTER WORK

Typical mould elements Working techniques


PRESERVING HISTORIC CERAMIC TILES
Preservation and Maintenance
Ceramic Floor Tile Types
1 Cleaning
Unglazed and Glazed Tiles 2 Protective Coatings Repair and Replacement
Encaustic tiles Historic Ceramic Floor Tile: 1.Mortar Joint Repair
Damage and Deterioration Tile Repair
Problems Tile replacement
1.Loss of Tile Surface and
Pattern.

geometric tiles
Ceramic mosaic tiles
Tile Glaze Failure.
Tile Breakage
Selective Replacement
Moisture Damage to Tile
of Individual Tiles
Loose, Cracked, Broken or Sectional Replacement
Unbonded Tile due to Mortar Failure. of Tiles

PRESERVING HISTORIC CONCRETE

Causes of Concrete Deterioration Planning for Concrete Preservation
1Environmental factors
2.Materials and Document Review
workmanship Field Survey
3.Improper Maintenance
Testing.

Major Signs of Concrete Deterioration Analysis
pindles have been installed. This sensitive rehabilitation of the Young Creek Bridge (1914), part of Oregon's Columbia River Highway, re-used the historic concrete cap railing and stone piers because they were still in good condition. Pho

Concrete Repair Repair of Cracking
Cracking Repair of Spalling
Structural cracks
Spalling
Deflection
Stains Repair of Deflection Repair of Erosion
Erosion
Corrosion


Repointing Mortar Joints in
Historic Masonry Buildings
1.Identifying the Problem Before Repointing 1
5
2.Use of Consultants
5.Properties of Mortar
3.Finding an Appropriate Mortar Match

6.Budgeting and Scheduling

7.Components of Mortar
4.Mortar Analysis
8.Contractor Selection
9.Matching Color and Texture
Other Factors to consider of the Repointing Mortar
Color. Masonry Units
Pointing Style


Preserving
Historic Ornamental Plaster
Methods of Production
Immediate Action
Decorative Plaster Forms
Personnel, Materials, and Processes
--Cornices, Medallions, Coffers.
Molding Rubber
Molding Plaster
Sheet Metal Templates
Models.
Molds.
Casting the Molds
Causes of Ornamental Plaster Damage Repairing Historic Ornamental Plaster
Ornamental Plaster Substrate Cornice
Signs of Failure Ceiling Medallion

Repairing and Replacing. Coffered Ceiling.
Finding and Evaluating a Contractor


Preservation of Roofing for Historic Buildings
Historic Roofing Materials Locating the Problem
Clay Tile Failures of Surface Materials
Wood Slate
Metal Tile
Repair or Replace

Slate Replacing the Historic Roofing Material

Shingles Craft Practices
Supervision:
Alternative Materials
Temporary Stabilization
Precautions
Metal Maintenance


The Maintenance,
RepairHistoric Cast Stone
History of Use and Manufacture Maintenance of Cast Stone Installations
Early Patented Systems Cleaning
Mechanisms and Modes of Deterioration Repointing
Separation of the facing and core layers Methods of Repair
Deterioration of the aggregate Re-securing Separated Surface Facing
Deterioration or erosion of Repairing Reinforcement Spalls
the cementing matrix and Mechanical Damage
Deterioration of the iron
or steel reinforcement Surface Refinishing
Deterioration of cramps and anchors Replacement of Historic Cast
Deterioration of the Aggregate Stone Installations
Deterioration or Erosion of the Air bubbles ,
Cementing Matrix Surface cracking or checking ,
Deterioration or Erosion of the Mold lines
Cementing Matrix Aggregate segregation
Deterioration of Cramps and Anchors Surface rippling or irregularity

The Repair of Historic Wooden windows
windows should be considered significant to a building if they:
1) are original,
2) reflect the original design intent for the building,
3) reflect period or regional styles or building practices,
4) reflect changes to the building resulting from major periods or events, or
5) are examples of exceptional craftsmanship or design
Repair Class I: Routine Maintenance
Physical Evaluation
1) window location Repair Class II: Stabilization
Repair Class III: Splices and
2) condition of the paint Parts Replacement
The Repair of Window Replacement
3) condition of the frame and sill

4) condition of the sash (rails, stiles and muntins)

5) glazing problems

6) hardware,

Protecting Cultural Landscapes
Definations
Treatment for cultural
Historic Designed Landscape
landscapes
Historic Vernacular Landscape Preservation
Historic Site Preservation
Ethnographic Landscape Restoration
Reconstruction
Developing a Strategy and Seeking Assistance
Cultural landscape reports Developing a Preservation Maintenance
Plan and Implementation Strategy
Historical Research
Recording Treatment Work and
Preparing Period Plans Future Research Recommendations
Inventorying and Documenting Developing preservation and
Existing Conditions maintainance guide
Preparing Existing Condition Plans


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ISSUES

BROKEN FLOOR
RISING DAMP
DAMAGED PLASTER

PROPOSAL

TEMPORARY ROOF COVER WITH TARPAULIN
REMOVING THE TILES FOR REPAIR WORK


PROPOSAL


PROPOSAL

Restoring the building on site


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05
CONNECTORS 04

06 OUTSIDE
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Architectural conservation essentials

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Architectural conservation essentials