Unit II Respiratory Emergency.pptx respiration

First Aid and Accident Prevention
UNIT II
Respiratory Emergency and Artificial
Respiration

Respiratory Emergency and
Artificial Respiration
 Definition
 Respiratory emergency:-
◦ A respiratory emergency is
 one in which normal breathing stops or
 in which breathing is so reduced that
oxygen intake is insufficient to support life.
2

 Definition
 Respiratory emergency:-
◦ A respiratory emergency is
 one in which normal breathing stops or
 in which breathing is so reduced that oxygen intake
is insufficient to support life.
◦ Artificial respiration:-
 is procedure for causing air to flow into and out of a
person’s lungs when natural breathing is inadequate
or ceases.
3

Causes of Respiratory failure
A. anatomical Obstruction
1. Obstruction by tongue: the most common cause
of respiratory emergency that interference with
breathing caused by
• the tongue’s dropping back and
• obstructing the throat
4

Causes of Respiratory failure (cont’d...)
A. anatomical Obstruction (cont’d...)
2. Other causes of obstruction that constrict the
air passages :
◦ Acute asthma
◦ Croup
◦ Swelling after burns of face, throat
◦ Swallowing of corrosive poisons
◦ Direct injury caused by a blow
5

B. Mechanical Obstruction
1. Partial or complete blockage of the air
passage by a solid foreign object lodged in
the pharynx or in any part of the air way
2. Accumulation of fluids (mucus, blood, or
saliva) in the back of the throat
3. Inhalation of vomitus
6

C. Air depleted of oxygen or containing toxic
gases
1. Causes of asphyxia
Asphyxia may occur from breathing air that
does not contain sufficient oxygen or air
containing carbon monoxide or other toxic
gas.
7

C. Air depleted of oxygen or containing toxic
gases
2. Explosion hazard
- In addition to the dangers of asphyxia from
carbon monoxide or by other gases, there is
often an explosion hazard.
8

C. Air depleted of oxygen or containing toxic gases
2. Explosion hazard
• Combustible gases that accumulate in confined
spaces such as
mines cisterns and sewers or
in room where natural or manufactured gas is
free in the air are explosive in certain
concentrations.
9

3. Additional causes of respiratory failure:-
a. Electrocution
b. Drowning
c. Circulatory collapse
d. Heart disease
e. External strangulation, as in hanging
f. Compression of the chest
10

3. Additional causes of respiratory failure:-
g. Disease or injury to the lungs (in adequate
ventilation may be caused by injuries that
collapse or compress lung tissue, injuries that
permit air to enter through sucking wound.
h. Poison by respiratory depressing, such as
morphine, opium, codeine, alcohol.
11

A. Mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose technique:
• In the absence of equipment, it is the most practical
method for emergency ventilation of a person of any
age who has stopped breathing regardless of why
breathing has stopped.
• Extensive studies have indicated that mouth-to-
mouth and mouth-to-nose resuscitation are
unequivocally superior to any of the manual
techniques.
12

B. Manual method:
• is not recommended except when the rescuer is
unable to perform mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose
resuscitation for some reasons, such as when
massive facial injuries absolutely prevent the use of
mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose method.
• The preferred manual method is the modified
Silvestre chest pressure arm lift technique.
13

B. Manual method: (cont’d...)
• Steps of mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose
1. Determine consciousness by taping the client on the
shoulder and asking loudly are you ok?
Tilt victim’s head back, so chin is pointing up ward.
Tilting the head moves the jaw and the tongue-
since it is attached fore ward and there by opens
the air way.
14

B. Manual method: (cont’d...)
• Steps of mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose
(cont’d...)
To tilt the head use:
• Head tilt neck lift
• Head tilt chin lift
• If neck injury open the air way by putting index &
middle finger at corner of victims jaw to lift it for
ward.
15

Artificial Respiration (cont’d...)
2. Place your ear and check at victims nose to listen
and feel for air exhaled for 5 second.
3. If there is no breathing, for adult pinch nostril to
prevent leakage and give mouth-to-mouth or close
mouth and give mouth-to-nose; for child, blow both in
mouth and nose.
16

4. Blow air into victim
• Open your mouth wide
• Take deep breath
• Seal your mouth tightly around victims mouth and
blow
• Initially give four blow with out allowing to fully
deflate
17

4. Blow air into victim
• Maintain head tilt and again listen,
• look and feel for exhalation and check pulse for
5-10 sec at carotid artery.
• If pulse and no breath blow every ‘5’ second (12
times/min)
18

CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resusitation)
• is a procedure to support and maintain breathing and
circulation for a person who has
stopped breathing (respiratory arrest) and/or
whose heart has stopped (cardiac arrest).
• Three important things: ABC (Now it is C-A-B)
• (Airway, Breathing and Circulation)
19

CPR (CardioPulmonaryResusitation)(cont’d..)
20

CPR
(CardioPulmonaryResusitation)(cont’d..)
 C = Cardio (heart)
 P = Pulmonary (lungs)
 R = Resuscitation (recover)
• Oxygen is the basic requirement for breathing
and every Living cell in the body
21

• Check the response
22

• Shout for help
23

24

25

26

CPR
(CardioPulmonaryResusitation)(cont’d..)
• Open airway
27
Chin lift & head
tilt

Mouth to mouth
28

Check pulse
29

30

31

• When do we discontinue CPR?
33
The victim responds.
the victim is pronounced dead.
Someone with equal or more training
takes over.

CPR FOR CHILDREN
34
 Use heel of one
hand
 Keep airway open
with other hand
 15 compressions:2
ventilations if alone
(2 rescuers use
15:2)

FOR INFANTS
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110
 Give chest thrusts
and puffs of air
 3 compressions:2
ventilations if alone
 3 compressions: 2
ventilations with 2
rescuers

Compression Techniques
Position:
for all ages: compress the lower third of the
sternum
number of hands:
• In infants: two thumbs or two fingers
• in children: use one or two hands: depressing the sternum by
approximately one third of the depth of the chest

Four Basic Rules
1. Call for help immediately
2. Bring help to the victim
4. Do no further harm
3. Check the ABCs

Evaluate the scene
Assess safety
Prioritize care
Check for medical alert tags
Do head-to-toe check
Move only if necessary
Evaluate the scene
Assess safety
Prioritize care
Check for medical alert tags
Do head-to-toe check
Move only if necessary
Assess the Scene

No Breathing
Administer CPR:
◦ Lay the person on his or her back
◦ Give chest compressions
◦ Tilt head slightly
◦ Breathe into the person’s mouth
◦ Continue until EMS personnel arrive

41
10Q you FOR SAVING MY….
LIFE!!!

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