SOLAR ENERGY - THERMAL Conversion Technologies.ppt
1. Five Elements of Nature
with out this life cannot exist on earth
Water
Land
Air
Fire
Sky
What is the Sixth Element ?
Energy
2. Electricity : High-tech Energy
Can be converted easily to any other form of energy.
How much is the demand for electrical energy in our country ?
Domestic Electricity Consumption is increasing faster than the rate of population
growth in our Country
YEAR POPULATION ENERGY CONSUMED
1991 846 million 31.9 billion KWh
2001 1027 million 105.6 billion KWh
INCREASE 21% 232%
Indian Average Electricity consumption: 386 units/person/year.
Global Average Electricity consumption: 1000 units/person/year.
3. Methods of Generating Electrical Energy - how long?
CONVENTIONAL METHOD (Polluting)
Fossil Fuels are fast depleting
Coal consumption in power production (in Million Tonnes)
1980-81 = 34.5 1990-91 = 118.6 2000-01 =
222.6
Hydro Thermal Projects
Total contribution of 23,800 MW -depends on natural
resources which is diminishing
Oil sources and also likely to be empty
Crude oil import in increasing year after year
1990-91 = 20.7 million ton 2000-01 = 57.1 million ton
Nuclear Power Plants
2.5% of generation capacity.
Not considered due to Safety factor
4. Solar energy - Thermal & Electrical energy
Wind Energy – Fastest growing sector, Wind Source not
always nearer to the utility and not avail;
Bio gas plants - Converts Waste to Energy utilizing Municipal
Solid Waste, Cow dung, Night soil, etc – Coming up -
Biomass Gasification -New Interesting Area Coming up
Geothermal - Currently not viable in India
Tidal, Ocean Thermal Energy - Technology developing.
Renewable Methods of
Energy Production
5. Solar Energy
Systems
Domestic Solar Water Heater
Industrial Solar Water Heating System
Solar Drying System
Solar Space Heater
Solar Effluent Evaporation System
Solar Swimming Pool Heater
Solar Water Purifier
Solar Domestic Cookers
Solar Community Cookers
Solar desalination
Solar incinerators
Solar air-conditioning (cooling)
Solar Thermal Systems Solar Photovoltaic Systems
• Solar Lamp (cascade sunlite)
• Home Lighting System
• Garden Lighting System
• Street/Yard/Forest Lighting
• Solar Signaling (Rail / Roadways)
• Remote Village Electrification
• Solar Pumps
• Solar Mini Refrigerator
6. Advantages of Solar Energy
Absolutely free
Absolutely clean (pollution free)
Inexhaustible
Abundantly available on your roof
7. Climatic Changes and its effects
Rainfall Delayed
Tree plantations dried-up
Farmers starving
Drinking water scarcity in Cities
Rise in Mean Sea Level
Inundation of coastal areas
High Temperatures
Health hazards, Sun strokes
Air Pollution
Respiratory diseases kills many
29. Solar Steam Cooking System for
15’000 people (worlds largest)
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD)
Andhra Pradesh, India
30.
31. System design- Team effort
Wolfgang Scheffler and team of Solar-Bruecke
of Germany
Team of Gadhia Solar Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd.
Team of Brahma Kumari’s, Mt Abu and Taleti
HTT GmbH of Germany
Financing
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams: Rs 63.25 Lacs
Ministry of Non-Conventional
Energy Sources (MNES) : Rs 47.75 Lacs
Pack back of investments for TTD : 3-4 years
37. Sangi Industies, Hyderabad for their industrial
canteen to cook for 500 workers.
Rishi Samskruti Vidya Kendra near Bangalroe to
cook for 500 students
Sri Saibaba Santhan Shirdi to cook for 3000
people per day
Tirumal Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD), Tirumala,
Tirupati to cook for 15,000 people
60. Army burns 500000 ltr diesel per winter for
space heating- solar can contribute not only
to save diesel and money but also its
ENVIRONMENT - so vital to Ladakh
61. New financing schemes ?
Kyoto Protocol: International instruments
for financing C02 reduction
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM):
Countries with reduction obligations invest
in projects in developing countries and get
carbon credits in return
62. Sale of Carbon Credits under CDM
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Diesel
(litres)
and
CO2
(kg)
30.03.99 31.03.99 01.04.99
Date
Diesel
CO2
63.
64. Sale of Carbon Credits under CDM
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Diesel
(litres)
and
CO2
(kg)
30.03.99 31.03.99 01.04.99
Date
Diesel
CO2
66. DATA OF
SMOKE FREE VILLAGE.
No of families : 36
Total population : 232
No of cattle : 182
No of Bio gas plants : 23
No of solar cookers : 26
No cookers wanted now : 3
No of Bio gas plants wanted now : 6
No Sericulture sheds available : 11
Production of silk per year : 17 Tons