some landmarks in the continent of Africa

1. LANDMARKS AND
MONUMENTS IN AFRICA
Dr. Basil Bemgba Achie MBBS Ibadan

2. Nile River
 The Nile River is the longest river
in the world.
 It has a length of about 4,132
miles (6,650 kilometres)
and drains an area estimated at
1,293,000 square miles (3,349,000
square kilometres).
 The river’s basin spans across the
countries of Egypt, Sudan, South
Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda,
and Tanzania.
 The Nile River empties into
the Mediterranean Sea in northern
Egypt
 From nourishing agricultural soil
to serving as a transportation
route, the Nile was vital to
ancient Egypt's civilization

3. Red Sea Reef
 A diverse reef system located in
the Red Sea, an inlet of the Indian
Ocean.
 The reef is considered part of the
African continent with proximity
to the African coastline.
 The Red Sea Reef is the largest
coral reef system in all of Africa
and the third largest reef system
in the world.
 It extends 1,240 miles (2,000 km)
along the coastline of Africa
(Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea)
 Comprised of an abundance of
aquatic life, lagoons, cylinders,
and platforms, it is home to over
1,100 species of fish and 200 soft
and hard corals.

4. Apartheid Museum,
Johannesburg, South Africa
 A museum in Johannesburg,
South Africa,
illustrating apartheid and the
20th-century history of South
Africa.
 Opened in November 2001.
 The Pillars of the
Constitution are located in
the courtyard.
 These includes one pillar for
each of the seven values that
are enshrined in the South
African Constitution.
 Namely, democracy, equality,
reconciliation, diversity,
responsibility, respect and
freedom.

5. Fish River Canyon, Namibia
 Located in the south
of Namibia., the Fish
River Canyon is the
largest canyon in
Africa.
 It features a gigantic
ravine, about 160
kilometres (100 mi)
long, up to 27 km
wide and in places
almost 550 meters
deep.

6. Black Star Gate, Accra, Ghana
 The Black Star Gate is
located at the center
of the Independence
Square, now known as
the Black Star
Square in Accra.
 It was commissioned
by Kwame Nkrumah to
indicate the country's
supreme power to
control its own affairs

7. Fasil Ghebbi, Ethiopia
 A fortress located in
Gondar, Amhara
Region, Ethiopia.
 Founded in 1645 by
Emperor Fasilides.
 In the 16th and 17th
centuries, the fortress-
city of Fasil
Ghebbi was the
residence of the
Ethiopian emperor
Fasilides and his
successors.

8. Amphitheater of El Jem,
Tunisia
 A large and well-
preserved
Roman amphitheatre in El
Jem, Tunisia,
formerly Thysdrus in
the Roman province of
Africa.
 Built around 238 AD, it
measured 149m long by
124m wide and could hold
up to 35,000 spectators.
 It was the second-
largest colosseum in the
Roman world, after
Rome's.

9. Great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt
 A limestone statue of a
reclining sphinx,
a mythical creature with
the head of a human, and
the body of a lion.
 Located in Giza, Egypt, it
measures 73 metres
(240 ft) in length, 19
metres (62 ft) in width
and 20 metres (66 ft) in
height.
 Likely dates from the
reign of
King Khafre (c. 2575–
c. 2465 BCE) and depicts
his face.

10. Serengeti Migration,
Tanzania/Kenya
 The Great Wildebeest
Migration is the largest
animal migration in the
world.
 Every year, more than 2
million animals
(wildebeest, zebra, and
gazelle) migrate in a
clockwise direction across
the ecosystems of
the Serengeti (Tanzania)
and the Masai Mara
(Kenya).
 From late June to August
is when the Great
Migration peaks.

11. National Independence
Monument, Lomé, Togo.
 Built as a tribute
to Togo's
independence from
France on April 27,
1960.
 The monument is
comprised of a human
silhouette carved
within it and
surrounded by
promenades, palm
trees, manicured
lawns, fountains and a
black gold iron fence.

12. The Kenyatta International
Convention Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
 Formerly the Kenyatta
International
Conference Centre,
 It is a 28 storey
building located
in Nairobi, Kenya.
 It was opened on 11
September 1973.
 The KICC is ranked as
one of the top places
to hold conferences
on the continent.

13. Palacio do Povo, Cabo Verde
 A public building in the
city centre of Mindelo
in Cape Verde.
 It was built in 1874,
when there were plans
to move the capital of
Cape Verde to Mindelo.
 It has been called
Palacio do Povo
(People’s Palace) since
independence in 1975.

14. Tiglachin Memorial or Derg
Monument, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 A memorial to
Ethiopian and Cuban
soldiers involved in
the Ogaden War.
 Located on Churchill
Avenue in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.

15. Great Temple of Ramses II,
Abu Simbel, Egypt
 Site of two temples
built by the Egyptian
king Ramses
II (reigned 1279–
1213 BCE), now
located in Aswan,
southern Egypt.
 The ancient
monument show
sandstone figures of
Ramses II in front of
the main temple.

16. Tour de I’Echangeur, Kinshasa,
DRC
 A tower located in the commune of
Limete in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic
of the Congo.
 The tower stands in the middle of a
public square which was called Exchange
Square until 2011, when its name was
changed to Reconstruction Square.
 It was ordered built by President Mobutu
Sese Seku in 1971 as a monument to
Patrice Lumumba.
 It is a total of 210 metres (689 feet) tall.
 Today it hosts the Museum of
Contemporary and Multimedia Arts.

17. Menelik II Square, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
 The square was built to
celebrate the Ethiopian
Victory in the Battle of
Adwa, which concluded on
Saint George's Day.
 This statue of Emperor
Menelik II stands directly
across from Saint George's
Cathedral.
 The monument was erected
by Emperor Haile Selassie I,
in 1930, just before his
coronation.
 The center of this square is
considered "ground zero" of
the highways of the Nation.

18. African Renaissance
Monument, Dakar, Senegal
 A bronze statue perched on a hill in
Dakar, Senegal.
 It is the tallest statue in Africa,
standing 164 feet high. Taller than
the Statue of Liberty in the U.S.A.,
and the second tallest statue across
the globe after the statue of unity in
Gujarat, India.
 The statue was inaugurated at a
ceremony on April 3, 2010, to
symbolize the triumph of African
liberation.
 The unveiling marked Senegal's 50
years of independence.

19. Giza Pyramid Complex
 The Giza Pyramids were
built by Pharaohs Khufu
(tallest), Khafre
(background), and
Menkaure (front).
 They were burial
complexes built during a
period of frenetic
construction, from
roughly 2550 to 2490 B.C.
 The Great Pyramid was
the tallest man-made
structure in the world for
more than 3,800 years,
standing at 146.6 metres
(481 feet) initially.

20. Cairo Citadel of Saladin, Egypt
 The Cairo Citadel was
built by Saladin
between 1176-1183
AD and further
developed by
subsequent Egyptian
rulers.
 Among the most
impressive and
ambitious military
fortification projects of
its time.
 UNESCO World Heritage
site since 1979.

21. Mapungubwe Interpretation
Centre, South Africa
 Located in the
Mapungubwe National
Park and World
Heritage Site.
 The building won the
World Architectural
Building of the Year
Award in 2009.
 The stone-walling
technique used in the
building of the centre
was adopted from a
native method
prevalent in the
Mapungubwe area.

22. The Valley Of The Kings, Egypt
 The Valley of the Kings is
a royal burial ground for
pharaohs from the 18th,
19th, and 20th dynasties
(the New Kingdom of
Egypt), a period of
nearly 500 years from
the 16th to 11th century
BC.
 It is located on the Nile's
west bank near Luxor.
 In 1979, it became a
World Heritage Site, as
well as the rest of the
Theban Necropolis.

23. Victoria Falls
 Victoria Falls is shared by
two countries: Zambia (to
the north) and Zimbabwe
(to the south).
 It is part of the mighty
Zambezi River, which
forms the border
between Zimbabwe and
Zambia.
 David Livingstone was the
first European to see the
falls (November 16,
1855). He named them
for Queen Victoria of the
United Kingdom.

24. Sossusvlei, Namibia
 A salt and clay pan
surrounded by high red
dunes,
 Located within the Namib-
Naukluft National Park in the
southern part of the Namib
Desert,
 The tallest dune is called
“Big Daddy”, reaching up to a
whopping 325 metres.
 The sand is five million years
old and gets its distinctive
colour from the thin layer of
iron oxide which coats its
tiny grains.

25. Adomi Bridge, Atimpoku,
Ghana
 A latticed steel arch
suspension bridge in Ghana.
 Located in Atimpoku in the
Eastern Region of Ghana,
the bridge crosses the
Volta River downstream of
the Akosombo Dam.
 It is Ghana's longest
suspension bridge.
 Constructed by Dorman
Long Ltd between March
1955 and January 1957, the
bridge was opened on 25
January1957 by Kwame
Nkrumah, Ghana's first
president.

26. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
 At 5,895m above sea level, Mount
Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the tallest
mountain on the African continent.
 A dormant volcano located in
Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania, most
recent activity was about 200 years
ago; the last major eruption was
360,000 years ago.
 Approximately 25,000 people attempt
to summit Mt. Kilimanjaro annually.
Approximately two-thirds are
successful.

27. Serengeti National Park,
Tanzania
 A protected area within
the Serengeti ecosystem,
in the Arusha Regions of
Tanzania.
 The area includes
approximately 30,000 km²
of land, including the
Serengeti National Park
and several game
reserves.
 It is a UNESCO World
Heritage site, best known
for its vast herds of
animals, especially
Wildebeests, Zebras, and
Gazelles.

28. Sahara Desert
 It is the largest hot desert
in the world and the third-
largest desert overall,
behind the cold deserts of
Antarctica and the Arctic.
 Located in North Africa, it
covers an area of
9.2 million km².
 The Sahara Desert is one of
the driest and hottest
regions of the world.
 The average annual
temperature is 30°C whilst
the hottest temperature
ever recorded was 58°C.

29. Leptis Magna, Libya
 Largest city of the ancient
region of Tripolitania, in
modern Libya.
 Originally founded by the
Phoenicians in the 7th
century BC.
 Enlarged and embellished
by Emperor Septimius
Severus (who ruled from
193 to 211 AD), the Leptis
Magna was one of the most
beautiful cities of the
Roman Empire in its
heyday.
 It was designated
a UNESCO World Heritage
site in 1982.

30. Ngorongoro Crater, Arusha,
Tanzania
 The largest inactive and
intact volcanic caldera in
the world.
 The Ngorongoro volcano
was active from about
2.45 to 2 million years
ago.
 Because of the variety of
animals present, the
Ngorongoro Crater is a
well-known tourist
attraction.
 The Crater was officially
hailed as one of the Seven
Natural Wonders of Africa
in 2015.

31. Alice Lane Towers,
Johannesburg, South Africa
 Also know as the dancing
towers, the 15 Alice Lane
Towers are commercial office
space towers located in
Sandton Central, Johannesburg.
 The 17-storey twin towers are
constructed of concrete, glass
and aluminum.
 Its construction employed
cutting edge glass technology.
 The project was designed by
the Paragob Architects
(Anthony Orelowitz, Raj Patel
and Anthony Butcher).

32. National Arts Theatre, Lagos
 The National Theatre, Nigeria, is
located in Iganmu, Surulere,
Lagos.
 It is the primary centre for the
performing arts in Nigeria.
 Completed in 1976 in
preparation for the Festival of
Arts and Culture in 1977.
 Designed and constructed
by Bulgarian construction
company (Techno Exporstroy).

33. Ancient Kano City Wall, Nigeria
 Ancient
defensive walls built to
protect the inhabitants of
the ancient city of Kano.
 Started in 1095 by Sarki
Gijimasu, the third.
 Completed in the 14th
century under Sarki Usman
Zamnagawa Dan Shekarau.
 Constructed from laterite,
a reddish clayey material
that hardens when dry.
 Described as "the most
impressive monument in
West Africa“.

34. Osu Castle, Ghana
 A castle located in
Osu, Ghana, on the coast
of the Gulf of Guinea in
Africa.
 Also known as Fort
Christiansborg or The
Castle,
 Built by Denmark-Norway
in the 1660s,
 Thereafter the fort
changed ownership
between Denmark-
Norway, Portugal, the
Akwamu, Britain, and
finally post-Independence
Ghana.

35. Olduvai Gorge Museum,
Tanzania
 Museum located in the
Ngorongoro
Conservation Area in
Northern Tanzania on
the edge of the Olduvai
Gorge.
 It was opened on 3
October 2017.
 The museum exhibits
numerous hominid
fossils, stone tools and
skeletons of many
extinct animals
excavated in the
gorge.

36. Table Mountain, Cape Town,
South Africa
 Table Mountain is a flat
topped mountain in Cape
Town, South Africa.
 In 1503, Portuguese
explorer, Antonio de
Saldanha became the first
white man to hike up
Table Mountain and
named it Taboa do Cabo
(Table of the Cape).
 The mountain is home to
a wide diversity of
wildlife.
 Voted one of the New
Seven Wonders of the
World in 2011.

37. Okavango Delta, Botswana
 Delta in north-west Botswana
comprised of permanent
marshlands and seasonally
flooded plains.
 It is one of the very few major
interior delta systems that do
not flow into a sea or ocean.
 The Okavango Delta is home to
some of the world’s most
endangered species of large
mammal, such as the cheetah,
white rhinoceros, black
rhinoceros, African wild dog
and lion.
 On 22 June 2014, the Okavango
Delta became the 1000th site
to be officially inscribed on the
UNESCO World Heritage List.

38. Castle of Good Hope, Cape
Town, South Africa
 A bastion fort built
between 1666 and 1679 by
the Dutch East India
Company in Cape Town,
South Africa.
 Considered the best
preserved example of a
Dutch East India Company
fort.
 The oldest existing colonial
building in South Africa.
 The yellow paint on the
walls was chosen to reduce
the glare from the sunlight
and also because it reflects
the heat.

39. Voortrekker Monument,
Pretoria, South Africa
 Located just south
of Pretoria in South Africa,
 The monument is a granite
structure on a hilltop which
was raised to
commemorate
the Voortrekkers
(Boers) who left the Cape
Colony between 1835 and
1854.
 Voortrekkers mean
‘pioneers’ in Afrikaans.
 Designed by the
architect Gerard Moerdijk,
it was started on 13 July
1937 and completed on 12
December 1949.

40. Union Buildings, Pretoria,
South Africa
 The Union Buildings form the
official seat of the South African
Government and also house the
offices of the President of South
Africa.
 Located at the highest point of
South Africa's capital city, Pretoria.
 Designed by Herbert Baker in 1908
after the Neoclassical, Edwardian
and Cape Dutch Architecture.
 Constructed between 1909 and
1913, they were originally built to
accommodate the entire Public
Service for the Union of South
Africa

41. Torre De La Libertad, Bata,
Equatorial Guinea
 A monument located
in the city of Bata, in
the African country
of Equatorial Guinea.
 It was inaugurated on
12 October 2011 in
the celebrations for
the independence of
the nation.

42. Makgadikgadi Salt Pans,
Botswana
 Reputably the world’s
largest salt pan
landscape (covering an
area of over 30 000
km2)
 Situated in the middle
of the dry savanna of
north-eastern
Botswana.
 Lying south-west of the
Okavango Delta and
surrounded by the
Kalahari Desert.

43. African Heritage House,
Nairobi, Kenya
 African Heritage House is a
national monument in
Kenya.
 Built between the years
1989 and 1994, the house
was designed and modelled
by Alan Donovan who is also
the owner.
 Its objective is to preserve
the forgotten architectural
designs of the African
continent.
 Inspired by the mud
architecture of the Great
Mosque of Djenneé in Mali,
the mud palaces of
Morocco.

44. Reunification Monument,
Yaoundé, Cameroon
 Constructed in the
1970s to memorialize
the post-colonial
merging of British and
French Cameroon.
 Located in the city of
Yaoundé, Cameroon.
 The monument was
designed by Gédéon
Mpando and completed
in 1974.
 It represents the hopes
and dreams of a
bilingual Cameroon.

45. The Corinthia Hotel Khartoum,
Sudan
 A five-star hotel in
central Khartoum, the
capital of Sudan.
 Opened on 17 August
2008
 It was built and
financed by the
Libyan government.
 It is designed to
resemble a ship's sail.

46. Kasubi Tombs, Kampala,
Uganda
 The site of the burial
grounds for four kabakas
(kings of Buganda) and
other members of the
Baganda royal family.
 They constitute a site
embracing 26.8 hectares
of Kasubi hillside
within Kampala City.
 The site is the major
spiritual centre for the
Baganda where traditional
and cultural practices
have been preserved.

47. Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the
Dogons)
 Sandstone cliffs featuring
Dogon villages and ancient
caves once used by the
Tellem and Toloy peoples
located in the Mopti Region
of Mali.
 It features an outstanding
landscape of cliffs and
sandy plateaux with some
beautiful architecture.
 The Tellem people
inhabited the escarpment
until the fifteenth century,
 The area is inhabited today
by the Dogon people.

48. Lideta Market, Ethiopia
 A new non-typical
shopping mall in
the Ethiopian capital,
Addis Ababa.
 Built between 2010 and
2017, it was awarded
the UNESCO Prix
Versailles for the
world’s best shopping
centre in 2017.
 It was designed by
Xavier Vilalta
architects.

49. Fiat Tagliero, Asmara, Eritrea
 A Futurist-style service
station
in Asmara, Eritrea.
 Designed by Italian
Architect Guido
Ferrazza, it was
completed in 1938.
 The building resembles
an aeroplane,
consisting of the
central tower which
supports a pair of 15m
wings built in
reinforced concrete.

50. Maropeng Visitors’ Centre,
South Africa
 The Maropeng Visitor
Centre is a UNESCO-listed
Cradle of Humankind, a
site of important fossil
finds.
 Its name, Maropeng,
means “returning to the
place of origin” in
Setswana, one of South
Africa’s 11 official
languages.
 More than 1000 hominid
fossils have been found in
a network of limestone
caves here, spanning a
period of around three
million years.

51. Pyramids of Meroe, Sudan
 The Meroe pyramids hold
burial chambers for
Kushite kings and queens
whose rule spanned
nearly five centuries from
592 BC to 350 AD,
 Located near the banks of
the Nile River in an area
known as Nubia in
northeastern Sudan.
 Built of granite and
sandstone in the Nubian
style, the Meroe pyramids
are marked by small bases
and steep slopes between
six and 30 metres in
height.

52. The Great Zimbabwe Great
Enclosure, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
 The Great Zimbabwe is a ruin
of a medieval city in the south-
eastern hills of the modern
country of Zimbabwe,
near Lake Mutirikwi and the
town of Masvingo.
 It is estimated to have been
built between 1100 and 1450
AD.
 The city is divided into three
distinct architectural groups
known as the Hill Complex, the
Valley Complex, and the Great
Enclosure.
 It may have had
between 12,000 to 18,000
residents in its prime.

53. Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali
 A large brick or adobe
building in the Sudano-
Sahelian architectural
style.
 Located in the city of
Djenné, Mali.
 The current structure
dates from 1907.
 At fifty-two feet high,
it is the largest mud-
brick building globally.
 Designated a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in
1988.

54. Bibliotheca, Alexandrina,
Egypt
 A major library and cultural
center on the shore of
the Mediterranean
Sea in Alexandria, Egypt.
 It is a commemoration of
the Library of Alexandria, once
one of the largest libraries in the
world, which was lost in
antiquity.
 The complex was officially
inaugurated on 16 October 2002.

55. Lalibela Rock Hewn Churches,
Ethiopia
 One of eleven rock-
hewn monolithic churches in
Lalibela, a town in the
Amhara Region of Ethiopia.
 These eleven medieval
monolithic churches were
carved out of rock.
 Their building is attributed to
King Lalibela who set out to
construct, in the 12th
century, a ‘New Jerusalem’.
 Lalibela is a high place of
Ethiopian Christianity, still
today a place of pilgrimage
and devotion.

56. Axum Obelisks, Ethiopia
 A 24-metre
megalith surrounded by a
ring of smaller Obelisks.
 Built in the 4th century by
King Ezana.
 The Monolith of Axum
was taken from the
Ethiopians in the 1930s
and transported to Rome
as a spoil of war.
 In 2008, it was
repatriated to widespread
praise across Ethiopia.

57. Avenue of the Baobabs,
Madagascar
 A prominent group of Grandidier's
baobabs (Adansonia grandidieri)
lining the unpaved Road
No.8 between Morondava
and Belon'i Tsiribihina in
the Menabe region of
western Madagascar.
 The baobab trees are up to 2,800
years old, preserved by the locals
both for their own sake and for
their value as a food source and
building material.
 The area is a natural monument
under conservation since July
2015, but the trees are still
threatened by further
deforestation.

58. Zeitz Museum of Contemporary
Art, Cape Town, South Africa
 The largest museum of
contemporary art from
Africa and the first-ever
major institution
dedicated exclusively to
artists from across the
African continent and
diaspora.
 Located in the Silo
District at the Victoria &
Alfred Waterfront in Cape
Town, South Africa.
 Designed by UK architect
Thomas Heatherwick and
unveiled on 22 September
2017.

59. Arch of Caracalla, Djemila,
Algeria
 A Roman triumphal
arch located
at Djémila (formerly
Culcul) in Algeria.
 Erected in 216 AD in
honor of the Emperor
Caracalla, his mother,
Julia Domna, and his
deceased father Septimius
Severus.
 Placed on the road
leading to Sitifis, it
constituted the entrance
to the city's Severan
forum.

60. El-Kala National Park, Algeria
 The El Kala National Park and
Biosphere Reserve is one of
the national parks of Algeria in the
extreme north-east of the country.
 Established in 1983, it has an area of
764 km².
 It has unique ecosystems that consist
of a marine ecosystem, mountains,
dense woodlands, picturesque forests
and numerous lakes.
 Recognized as a biosphere reserve by
the UNESCO on 17 December 1990.
 The park has 6 lakes and 50 km of
shores facing the Mediterranean Sea.

61. The Test Garden of Hamma,
Algeria
 A 32-hectare botanical
garden located in the
Mohamed Belouizdad district
of Algiers, established in
1832.
 The garden's principal
activity was to provide trees
to public organizations and
to European settlers.
 There are currently an
estimated 1,200 different
species of plant in the
garden.

62. Kasbah of Algiers, Algeria
 The Kasbah of Algiers
or the Citadel
of Algiers in Algeria is
a series of white
houses and narrow
streets, all cascading
down to the
Mediterranean Sea.
 Proclaimed World
Cultural Heritage site
by UNESCO in 1992.

63. The Maqam Echahid (Martyrs
Monument), Algeria
 A concrete monument located in
Algiers commemorating
the Algerian War.
 Designed by Bachir Yelles and
Marian Konieczny, it was
unveiled in 1982 on the 20th
anniversary of Algeria’s
independence.
 It is fashioned in the shape of
three standing palm leaves,
which shelter the "Eternal
Flame" under it.
 At the edge of each palm leaf is
a statue of a soldier
representing a stage of Algeria's
struggle for independence.

64. The Fortress of Muxima,
Angola
 Fortress located in
the village of Muxima,
Luanda Province of
Angola.
 Built in 1599 by the
Portuguese from stone
and mortar.
 Classified as a
National monument in
1924.

65. Bafut Palace, Cameroon
 The Bafut Palace is located in
the Northwest province of
Cameroon.
 It has been the heart of
political power for the Fon
and the greater Bafut
kingdom for over 400 years.
 The palace embodies Bafut
cultural identity and remains
a center for religious rites
and traditional ceremonies.
 Over 50 houses are clustered
around the site’s spiritual
core, Achum Shrine.

66. Lake Nyos, Cameroon
 Lake Nyos is a deep lake high on the flank of
an inactive volcano in the Oku volcanic
plain along the Cameroon line of volcanic
activity.
 Located in the Northwest
Region of Cameroon, about 315 km (196 mi)
northwest of Yaoundé, the capital
 A pocket of magma lies beneath the lake and
leaks carbon dioxide (CO2) into the water,
changing it into carbonic acid.
 In 1986, possibly as the result of a
landslide, Lake Nyos suddenly emitted a
large cloud of CO2,
which suffocated 1,746 people and 3,500
livestock in nearby towns and villages.

67. Tibesti Mountains, Chad
 Dubbed the The Alps of the
Sahara,
 The Tibesti is a volcanic
mountain range located In
northeastern Chad, a
hundred kilometres from the
nearest road and a thousand
kilometres from the capital
city of N’Djamena.
 An average of less than 20
millimetres of rain per year.

68. Cairo Tower, Egypt
 The Cairo is a free-standing
concrete tower in Cairo, Egypt,
standing at 187 m (614 ft).
 Located in the Gezira district
on Gezira Island in the River
Nile.
 Designed by the Egyptian
architect Naoum Shebib and
built between 1956 and 1961.
 Often considered Egypt's
second most famous landmark
after the Pyramids of Giza.

69. Benito River Bridge,
Equatorial Guinea
 Benito River Bridge
connects Bolondo with
Mbini in Equatorial Guinea.
 The Chinese-built bridge
spans the Benito River,
replaces the old ferry and
gives Mbini easy access to
the North.

70. Massawa Imperial Palace,
Eritrea
 Former Imperial Palace of
Ethiopian king Haile Selassie.
 Located at Massawa, Eritrea
(formerly part of Ethiopia).
 It was attacked in 1990 by the
Soviet-backed DERG
government of Mengistu Haile
Mariam during the Ethiopian-
Eritrean war.
 The palace was heavily
damaged during the attack
and has been basically
abandoned.

71. The Sandal Monument,
Asmara, Eritrea
 Sandal war memorial in Asmara,
Eritrea.
 A sculpture of two giant sandals.
 Made of sheet metal and
extending more than 20 feet
long, the memorial lies in a
small park known as Shida
Square.
 The Shida is the footwear that
Eritrean nationalists have worn
since the 1960s in their fight to
attain an independent country.

72. Kintampo Waterfalls, Ghana
 Formerly known as Sanders
Falls in colonial times,
Kintampo waterfalls is one of
Ghana’s highest waterfalls.
 Located in Bono East, on the
Pumpum river (a tributary of
the Black Volta)
 It falls about 70 metres
(230 ft)
 The waterfall was designated
in 1992 as a tourist site.

73. National Theatre Accra, Ghana
 Opened in 1992, the National
Theatre of Ghana houses the three
resident companies of the National
Dance Company, the National
Symphony Orchestra, and the
National Theatre Players.
 Located in Victoriaborg.
 Built by the Chinese and offered as
a gift to Ghana.
 Construction started on 8 March
1990 and was completed on 16
December 1992.
 Structurally the theatre looks like a
gigantic ship or a seagull spreading
its wings.

74. Cape Coast Castle, Ghana
 One of about forty "slave castles", or
large commercial forts, built on
the Gold Coast of West Africa
(now Ghana) by European traders.
 Used to hold enslaved Africans before
they were loaded onto ships and sold
in the Americas, especially
the Caribbean.
 This “gate of no return” was the last
stop before crossing the Atlantic
Ocean.
 Cape Coast Castle, along with other
forts and castles in Ghana, are
included on the UNESCO World
Heritage List because of their
testimony to the Atlantic gold and
slave trades

75. Dedan Kimathi Statue, Nairobi,
Kenya
 Bronze statue of Mau Mau
leader Dedan Kimathi on a
graphite plinth erected in
central Nairobi, Kenya.
 He was a Kenyan rebel leader
who fought against British
colonization in Kenya in the
1950s.
 Considered a terrorist by the
British colonial government that
ruled Kenya at the time, he was
convicted and executed.
 His reputation as the leading
fighter for Kenyan freedom
remains today.

76. Fort Jesus, Kenya
 A fort located on Mombasa Island,
built between 1593 and 1596 by order
of King Felipe II of Castille, who also
reigned as King Filipe I of Portugal and
the Algarves,
 Built to guard the Old Port
of Mombasa, Fort Jesus is a fine
example of 16th century Portuguese
military architecture.
 Its name derives from the Portuguese
fleet which sailed under the flag of
the order of Christ.
 Fort Jesus became a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 2011.

77. Mau Mau Monument, Kenya
 A UK-funded monument to
honour Kenyan freedom
fighters located at Freedom
Corner, Uhuru Park in Nairobi.
 Official title of the
monument is ‘Memorial to
the Victims of Torture and Ill-
Treatment in the Colonial Era
1952-1960’.
 It was opened on 12
September 2015.
 It is a symbol of
remembrance and
reconciliation.

78. JJ Roberts Monument,
Monrovia, Liberia
 Monument in memory of the first
president of Liberia, Joseph Jenkins
Roberts.
 JJ Roberts was the first (1848–
1856) and also 7th (1872–1876)
president of Liberia.
 He was born free in Norfolk in
Virginia, USA, and emigrated to
Liberia as a young man.
 He became the leader of the
roughly 4000 Americans who came
to the country to establish a first
republic in Africa.
 The structure is a tall rectangle
with a statue of Roberts standing in
front.

79. The Ambohitsorohitra Palace,
Madagascar
 A presidential palace in the
capital of Madagascar,
Antananarivo.
 Built between 1890 and
1892, it was officially
inaugurated on 14 July
1892.
 Built to house the office
and the residence of
the French governor of
Madagascar, it now serves
only a symbolic role.

80. The Royal Hill of
Ambohimanga, Madagascar
 The Royal Hill of
Ambohimanga consists of a
royal city and burial site, and
an ensemble of sacred places.
 Located about 25 kilometres
northeast of Antananarivo in
the central highlands of
Madagascar.
 First occupied in the fifteenth
century, the Royal Hill of
Ambohimanga has become the
most significant symbol of the
cultural identity of the people
of Madagascar.
 Ambohimanga simply means
“blue hill” in English.

81. Cape MacLear, Malawi Lake,
Malawi
 The busiest resort on Lake
Malawi.
 Named "Cape Maclear“ by
the missionary and explorer
David Livingstone in 1859.
 Cape Maclear and its islands,
forests and bay were declared a
national park in 1980, creating
the Lake Malawi National Park,
the first freshwater national
park in the world.
 The area became a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1984,

82. Manchewe Falls, Malawi
 A 125m high waterfall
in Livingstonia, Malawi,
the highest in the country.
 The waterfalls,
surrounded by lush
rainforest, can be viewed
from Lukwe Ecocamp
which is 300 metres away.
 People hiding from
slavers, over 100 years
ago, used to flee to the
caves behind the Falls.

83. Ben Amera, Mauritania
 The largest monolith in
Africa, considered second
only to Australia’s Uluru in
the world.
 Situated in the Adrar region
of the Sahara Desert, in
Mauritania, near the border
with Western Sahara.
 It is a giant rock that rises
2076ft (633m) from the
ground.
 Geologists think Ben Amera is
actually larger than Uluru if
you take into account the
portion of the rock beneath
the Saharan sand.

84. Monument Against Genocide,
Rwanda
 Historical monument
which is part of
the Campaign Against
Genocide (CAG)
Museum.
 The Campaign Against
Genocide (CAG)
Museum is situated in
the Parliamentary
building in Kigali,
Rwanda.

85. Bicentennial Monument,
Victoria, Seychelles
 Also known as the Three Wings
Monument.
 Three pairs of sprawling white
wings at the roundabout between
5th of June and Liberation
Avenue, Victoria, Seychelles.
 Erected in 1978 on the occasion of
the 200th anniversary of the city
of Victoria.
 The three wings represent the
origin of the Population of
Seychelles (Africa, Europe and
Asia).
 The monument was created by the
Italian artist Lorenzo Appiani.

86. Gondershe Citadel, Somalia
 Ruins of an ancient
stone city built on a
coastal promontory.
 Gondershe is situated
about 20 kilometers
northeast
of Merca and about 50
kilometers southwest
of Mogadishu,
Somalia.

87. Tomb of The Unknown Soldier,
Somalia
 Mogadishu
monument of the
Unknown Soldier.
 Located in
Mogadishu city
in Banaadir.

88. Nobel Square, Cape Town,
South Africa
 A public square in the Victoria
& Alfred Waterfront
neighborhood of Cape
Town, South Africa.
 Dedicated to South Africa’s
four Nobel Peace Prize
laureates: Albert
Luthuli, Desmond Tutu, FW de
Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
 The images are slightly larger
than life-size and have the
Laureates' preferred
quotations engraved in their
chosen language in front of
the sculptures.

89. Kalambo Falls, Zambia
 A 772-foot (235 m) single-
drop waterfall on the
border of Zambia
and Rukwa
Region, Tanzania at the
southeast end of Lake
Tanganyika.
 The 12th highest waterfall
in the world
 Africa’s second highest
fresh water body
free-falling or single-drop
waterfalls (second to the
Tugela Falls in South
Africa).

90. Blyde (Molatse) River Canyon,
South Africa
 Blyde River Canyon is the largest
green canyon in the world,
stretching over 26 km, and 800m
deep.
 It is located in the Drakensberg
Escarpment in northwestern
South Africa.
 Its name was changed by South
Africa to Molatse River Canyon in
2005.
 Molatse means ‘always full’ in
the local MaPulane language
while ‘Blyde’ means ‘happy’ in
Dutch.