The oldest exposed rocks in the region are the Mahakoshal group with ages ranging from Archaean to Paleoproterozoic. These are mainly metamorphic rocks, which are folded, faulted and sheared. The rock types of this group exposed in and around Jabalpur are phyllites, dolomitic marbles, metabasalts and quartzites. here was study and submission of geology around jabalpur area .

1. GEOLOGY AROUND

2. JABALPUR
SHAHA WAN KHAN

3. “ GEOLOGY AROUND JABALPUR’’
A
PROJECT
Submitted for the partial fulfillment for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
In GEOLOGY
Department of Geological Survey of India( Jabalpur ,M.P.)
BY
SHAHA WAN KHAN
Department of Post Graduate Study in Geology
GOVT. SCIENCE COLLEGE SOUTH CIVIL LINE JABALPUR (M.P.)
482001, INDIA (2018 - 2019)

4. GOVERNMENT SCIENCE COLLEGE JABALPUR (M.P.)
Department of P.G. Study of Geology
SESSION -:
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the work entitled, “ GEOLOGY AROUND
JABALPUR ” , Submitted to Govt. science college Jabalpur (M.P.)
for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
degree of Master of Science in Geology is bonafide record of
project work carried out by Shaha Wan Khan , under my guidance
and supervision.
( Geological Survey of
India)
Jabalpur

5. GOVERNMENT SCIENCE COLLEGE JABALPUR (M.P.)
Department of P.G. Study of Geology
SESSION –
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work which is presented in the project entitled “Study of Geological
Structural Lithological Around Jabalpur ” is an authentic record of our work carried out under
the guidance of ……………… submitted to Govt. Science College Jabalpur ( M.P.) for the
partial fulfillment of the required for the award of the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc) in the
Geology .
The matter embodied in this project has not been submitted to any university or examining body
in India or abroad for any other degree or academic qualification .
………..
M.Sc (Geology) Semester -4
Date: Department of P.G. Study of Geology
Govt. Science College Jabalpur (M.P.)

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I place on record of our deepest sense of gratitude to our esteemed guide & supervisor
……………… Geological Survey of India of Jabalpur for his valuable gratitude, scholastic
criticism and affectionate encouragement for the completion of this project. I am feeling short of
word to thank his for all the guidance, support and time, in spite of having very busy schedule. We
are highly obliged for his encouragement and sympathy. he always encourage and supported us ,
whenever we approached his. Without his consistent encouragement and constructive suggestion
the progress of present work would have been impossible. i pay my homage and sincere thank to
his for giving me access to his personal literature whenever needed and other requisite information
in this field.
I express my deep sense of gratitude and regards towards my mentor
………., Head of Department of P.G. Study Geology , Govt. Science College Jabalpur for the
interest shown in progress of my work.
I would like to give my special thanks to lecturers of are department ……..
and all the Geology Faculties for their incessant encouragement and fruitful suggestion rendered
during the study.
Finally , I would like to give my special thanks to all my classmate and entire team of
Geology department , for their incessant encouragement and fruitful suggestion.
M.Sc. (Geology) Semester-4

7. CONTENT
CHAPTER 1- ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 2- REGIONALGEOLOGY
2.1- DESCRIPTION …
2.2- STRUTURES
2.3- PREVIOUS WORK…
CHAPTER 3-GEOLOGY AROUND OF JABALPUR
3.1- DISTRIBUTION OF ROCK IN JABALPUR
3.2- ECONOMIC DEPOSITS ………
CHAPTER 4- STRUCTURAL DISPOSITION OF STUDY AREA…
CHAPTER 5- USAGE OF MAP AND FIELD INSTRUMENT…
5.1- LIST OF INSTRUMENT AND TOOLS
5.2- USAGE OF MAP …
5.3- MAPPING , SELF BEARING DATA RECORD AND PLOTTING
CHAPTER 6- C0NCLUSION……

8. ABSTRACT
This field report embodies the results of detailed field study including mapping, locations ,
mineral deposits , structures and lithostratigraphic status of jabalpur and its respective type
areas the field study in the present report is based on systematic stratigraphy and distribution
of rocks around the Jabalpur area. The main areas we cover in this field trip are Bada Shimla,
Chota Shimla ,Madanmahal granites ,Mahakoushal belt ,Quarternary Alluvium.

9. INTRODUCTION
Jabalpur associated with mineral deposits. We have studied to
understand the rock types, structures, fossils contents, uses of
instruments.
Here in this table are the short details of we have studied of the
following locations are as follow :-
● PAAT BABA- This area contains upper gondwana group, lameta
formation, deccan trap. We studied about the plant fossils
(example Ptillophylum ), burrows in the upper gondwana, and
green sand-stone, MNB, are also presents in this area which
comes under lameta formation.
● BARGI HILLS- In this area we have seen Madanmahal Granites
which is intruded in MAHAKAUSHAL GROUP and it also shows
many kind of structures such as mural joints, tor and etc.
● TILWARAGHAT/LAMETAGHAT/BHEDAGHAT- In this area we have
studied about the MAHAKAUSHAL BELT and structures of this area
are such as Folds, Faults, Dykes, Veins, And Some Mineral
Deposits.

11. (Pic-1. geological map of Chota simla and bada simla)
LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY
Madhya Pradesh is situated in the heart of India & Jabalpur (22°50“-24°80" latitude & 79°20“-
80°58“ longitude) is the central part of Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur covers the area about
10160km2 . It lies at a distance of about 300km from Bhopal to Varanasi – Kanyakumari broad
guage railway line connects Jabalpur with all cities. It passes through Jabalpur National highway
no. 7 also passes through Jabalpur & there is also connected by airways (Dumna airport) about
10km far from city.
LITHOLOGY
The Jabalpur Formation comprises thick, soft, yellow, brown or white sandstones, falsely or
irregularly bedded. The sandstones are usually devoid of pebbles but a conglomeratic horizon is
generally seen at their junction with the Precambrian rocks. The sandstones are overlain by fine
clays and soft argillaceous and sandy shales with subordinate intercalations of white
sandstones. This part of the succession is usually white but sometimes changed into purple or
red. Due to the variation in the colour of the sandstone occurring in the lower and upper parts
of the sequence, the intermediary white clay can Easily be demarcated in the field. The clays
form economic deposit.

12. REGIONAL GEOLOGY
GEOLOGY OF MADHYA-PRADESH
Madhya Pradesh, as a part of the Central Indian Shield (CIS) contains the rocks ranging from
Archaean to Phanerozoic age. The Central Indian Shield is divided into two broad tectonic
domains i.e. the Northern Crustal Province (NCP) and the Southern Crustal Province (SCP)- by a
long crustal scale curvilinear ENE-WSW trending ductile shear zone called Central Indian Shear
Zone (CISZ) which continues from southwest of Balaghat to north of Bilaspur in Chhattisgarh.
Son-Narmada-Tapti valley (SONATA) forms a major zone of tectonic activity in this region.
The oldest litho-assemblage of Archaeans mainly consists of the gneissic complexes viz.
Bundelkhand, Amgaon, Sidhi, Alirajpur, Betul and Tirodi Gneisses. The Palaeo to Neoproterozoic
cover sediments are represented by Mahakoshal Group and Sausar Group covering parts of
Balaghat and Chhindwara districts, Aravalli Supergroup of rocks in Jahabua District; volcano-
sedimentary sequence of Betul belt; Nandgaon Group in Balaghat District; Bijawar Group in
Sagar, Chhatarpur and Harda districts; Gwalior Group in Gwalior District, Chilpi Group in
Balaghat District and Vindhyan Supergroup of rocks cover parts of Sidhi, Rewa, Satna, Panna,
Chhatarpur, Sagar, Bhopal Shivpuri and Guna districts besides the Dongargarh granites in
Balaghat District.
Late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic (200 - 100 Ma) sequences are represented by Gondwana Supergroup,
Bagh Group and Lameta Group. The Gondwanas host many important coal fields in the Satpura
region. Bagh Beds (100 Ma) in Dhar, Jhabua and Khargone districts is rich in faunal remains of
bivalves, gastropods, ammonites and echinoids. The Lameta Formation preserves excellent
vertebrate fossils including dinosaur remains and their nestingsites.
Deccan Flood Basalt Sequences (DCFB) (Upper Cretaceous-Palaeogene), mostly comprising
basaltic flows and associated sedimentary beds cover a major part of southern and western
part of the state. Laterite cover of Cenozoic period occurs as capping on the high plateaus
formed by Deccan Traps. All the bauxite deposits in the state have formed in the Cenozoic
rocks. The Quaternary sediments of Narmada valley has yielded 500, 000 years old skull of
Narmada man (Homo erectus narmadensis) from Hathnora in Sehore District.

13. The state is blessed with bountiful mineral resources including Coal, Bauxite, Limestone,
Dolomite, Rock Phosphate, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Manganese, Iron ores, Diaspore, Pyrophyllite
and Diamond. More than half of the country’s manganese production comes from the state.
The state is also bestowed with huge reserves of coal in Sidhi, Singhrauli, Shahdol, Umariya and
Chhindwara districts. Presently, the diamond producing mines in India 7 are located in Panna
District. Establishing resources for Copper deposits in Malanjkhand in Balaghta District has been
the most significant contribution of GSI to the National Mineral Wealth. Prospects of base
metals have been proved by GSI in recent years in the Betul Belt. Sizeable resources of gold
associated with copper, silver and lead have also been established recently in the Imaliya Block
of Katni District. A large economically viable reserve of Refractory, SMS and BF grade low-silica
dolomite proved by GSI of Sagar and Chhatarpur districts is a boon to the iron and steel
industries.

14. (PIC-2 - Economical map of MP)

15. GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
GEOLOGICAL ERA GROUP/SUPER GROUP ROCK FORMATION
RECENT ALLUVIAL PLAIN
(NEWER ALLUVIUM)
UNCONSOLIDATED SAND, SILT,
CLAY
PLEISTOCENE OLDER ALLUVIUM LATERITE AND BAUXITE
CRETACEOUS TO EOCENE
DECCAN TRAP
BAGH & LAMETA BED
(INTRA-TRAPPEAN)
BASALT
SAND STONE AND CHERTY
LIMESTONE
PALEOZOIC TO CRETACEOUS GONDWANA SUPERGROUP BOULDER BEDS, SAND STONE,
SHALES, CLAYS, LIMESTONES,
COAL-SEAMS
PRECAMBRIAN VINDHYAN & CUDDAPAH SUPER
GROUP
SANDSTONE, SHALE AND
LIMESTONE
ARCHEANS
DHARWAR SUPER GROUP
OLD MEMORPHICS SAUSER
GROUP BUNDELKHAND
GRANITE
DHARWAR SCHIST,
METAMORPHOSED,
CONGLOMERATE, QUARTZITE,
CRYSTALLINE LIMESTONE
BASIC INTRUSIVE
GRANITE AND GNIESSES
GRANITE GNIESSES & SCHISTS,
QUARTZITE

18. (PIC - 3 -SATELLITE VIEW OF JABALPUR)

19. (PIC - 4 -District resources of of Jabalpur)

20. REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF JABALPUR
Jabalpur district is situated in central part of madhya-pradesh and covers area of 10160km2
and falls in servey of india’s degree sheet 55, N,63D and 64A,B.
It is surrounded by panna and satna district in the north, seoni in south sahdol and mandla in
the east and damoh & narsingpur in west. The district is well connected by road network
kanyakumari-allahabad national highway no.7 & itarsi-allahabad broad gauge railway passes
through westerly flowing narmada & hiran drain most part of area . Easternly flowing katni &
choti mahanadi rivers drain the north-eastern part of district .
Physiographical the vindhyans and satpura hill ranges lie in the northern and southern part of
district respectively . The valley the middle part is occupied by mahakoshal group of rocks and
alluvial plains . Structural land forms represented by plateau , hills & valley developed in the
central part of the district or the vindhyans & mahakoshal plateaus.
GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF JABALPUR
QUATERNARY ALLUVIUM
DECCAN TRAP
LAMETA GROUP
JABALPUR FORMATION
MADAN MAHAL GRANITE
ARCHAEANS(BASEMENT)
MAHAKAUSHAL SUPERGROUP
BASEMANT GRANITE
GNEISSES

21. DISTRIBUTION OF ROCKS IN JABALPUR
ROCKS IN TILAWARA GHAT- LAMETAGHAT- BHEDAGHAT
[23°6"–23°9" N Latitude & 79°47"–79°53" E Longitude ]
This area is about 20 km far from jabalpur city in north-east direction.
This area is made upof several hill range which shows an undulated ad have gentle slop in westward .
There are some isolated high peaks like , bargi hills 928m high ghugra fall, chousath yogini & panchavati
ghat.
Ghugra fall is near to bhedaghat fall . Here we find inclined beds and metamorphic rocks, brown schist
are present between the beds quartz veins are present. Folding of quarts veins intruded in chlorite
schist. Chlorite schist exposure in lameta ghat schistose structure seened.
We have observed dark gray coloured fine-grained garnetiferrous-mica-schist which is composed of
muscovite,biotite,garnet & very low quartz & feldspar. The schist is intruded with feldspathic material.
These feldspar are younger than garnet which occur as within them along S2 plane and altered
carbonate bend is also preserved in this schist at under tilwara bridge.
LITHOLOGY OF THE AREA
We have done our field work in area bounded by 23°6“latitude –79°47“ longitude.
Bhedhaghat, Lamhetaghat & corresponding area where we have examined different type of lithology.
we have examined leucocratic course grained pink granite of pink feldspar, Quartz, Biotite, Granite has
porphyritic texture with phenocrystbiotite & ground mass of quartzo-feldspathic. Rock has limonite
straining & box work texture due to pyrite. We have also examined older enclaves creamish Trimolite
marble with skarn zone.
We have examined creamish to pinkish, fine medium quartzite composed or quartz, muscovite, garnet &
very little amount of staurolite at some places observed growth of fibrolite in micaceous quartzite.
In some area we have observed Staurolite-bearing-garnetiferrous-quartz-mica-schist having course
crystals of garnet, having quartzo-tourmaline vein lets in some areas with iron staining.
We have examined chlorite-biotite-mica-schist composed of chlorite, biotite & quartz.
In some spots we have examined alternate layering of mica schist and quartzo-feldspathic veins which is
showing graphic texture here we obsered auto-clastic conglomerate and also the intrusions of dolerite
dykes in many areas with anatomizing quartz veins. The dolerite intrusion has joining of garnet due to

22. compositional difference. In some spots we have observed very thick quartz veins trending & weathered
Granite pathches small area and very course andalusite crystals within quartz-biotite-schist.
Nature of intrusion is basic & country rock has almandine garnet with iron content, so the xenocrystals
of garnet have observed in basic intrusion and keolinized zone has also observed due to alteration of
schist.
(PIC 5- CHLORITE SCHIST SHOWING INTRUDED VEIN OF QUARTZ AT LAMHETA GHAT, JABALPUR.)
We have also seen channel filling of calcreate in sandy layers & some neo-tectonic activity in this area.
And we examined marble which is intruded by many dolerite dykes. Dykes are trending 120°N to 150°N.
We have also oserved very thick quartz vein and there may be a fault along this quartz vein trending
roughly E-W. Drainage of Narmada is structuarally controlled and marble having Elephant skin
Weathering.

23. (PIC- 6 Elephant skin Weathering.)
(PIC-7- DOLERITE MARBLE(BHEDAGHAT)

24. (PIC- 8 - MADANMAHAL GRANITE)
Madanmahal granite is a batholithic mass. It is younger than the older metamorphics. Due to the
presence of mural joints sets and exposed to weathering for a prolong period, the out crop of these
granites rocks are overburdened with gaint boulders.
Madanmahal granites varies minutely in composition, colour and grain size. These are medium to coarse
grained; at places these show porphyritic nature. Their colour granite is very coarse grained. Down slope
the SHARDA DEVI TEMPLE, tourmaline crystals are well visible. At other places hornblende can be seen.

25. UPPER GONDWANA
Exposure found along the marjada nala flowing behind the “GOVT. MODEL SCIENCE COLLEGE” and the
FOOT OF BADA SHIMLA CHUUI HILLS.
The sandstone is medium to coarse grained, soft, brownish to lime in colour. It shows distinct delta
bedding and at place it had preserved burrowing. The sandstone bed is succeeded by clay bed.
CLAY BEDS are overlying and cropped out similarity in the sandstone exposure areas. It is white to dirty
white in colour and harder in nature due to the infiltrarion of calcareous material from lametas.
Jabalpur clays preserved a varieties of plant fossils such as “PTILOPHYLLUM”. Clay obtained from the
Jabalpur and adjoining areas such as katni, is the fullers earth and being used in refractory .
LAMETA BEDS are named after the lameta ghat near JABALPUR are fluviate or esturine sediments
deposited above the UPPER GONDWANA and cropped out along the NARMADA VALLEY. They are
entrapped by deccan lavas lameta’s vary in thickness ranging from 6-35meters the individual beds are
frequently varying in characters spatially the contact of lametas with the underlying gondwana is
conformable. At places it filled up irregular surface of Jabalpur bed of upper gondwana. The green
sandstone which is fragile in nature has a variable thickness from 1.5-6meters. Limestone beds is
ubiquitous unit of the lameta beds contains fossilas, through frangmentary are common in limestone.
They include molluscus, fishes and dinosours remain.
(Pic 9- lameta beds)

26. ECONOMIC DEPOSITS
 MARBLE- Very few rocks have as many uses as marble . It is used for its beauty in architecture
and sculpture . It is used for its chemical properties in pharmaceuticals and agriculture. It is used
for its optical properties in cosmetics , paint and paper . It is used because it is an abundant , low –
cost commodity in crushed stone prepared for construction projects . Marble has many unique
properties that make it a valuable rock in many different industries . The photographs and
captions below illustrate just a few of its varied uses.the area ve visited in the bhedaghat in not so
much compect and fresh so it is only used in sculptures .
 GRANITES -:people have used granites for thousands of years. It is used as a construction
material, a dimension stone ,an architectural stone , a decorative stone , and it has also been used
to manufactured a wide variety of products.
Granites is used in buildings, bridges , paving , monuments , and many other exterior projects.
Indoors polished granites slabs and tiles are used in countertop ,tile floor ,stair treads and many
other design elements .granite is aprestige material ,used in projects to produce impression of
elegance and quality . Some interesting and common uses of granites are shown in the photo
collection below.
 BASALT -: Basalt Is Used For A Wide Variety Of Purposes. It Is Most Commonly Crushed For
Used As An Aggregate In Construction Project. Crushed Basalt Is Used For Road Bases ,Concrete
Aggregate ,Asphalt Pavement Aggregate ,Railroad Ballast , Filter Stone In Drain Fields , And May
Other Purposes.
Some special kind of economic deposits of Jabalpur are as follow :-
Jabalpur is also known for Bauxite, China Clay, Copper, Dolomite, fireclay, Iron ore (H), Limestone,
Manganese, Ochre, Quartz/Silica sand, talc/steatite/soapstone, felspar, Gold deposits.

27. STRUCTURAL DISPOSITION OF STUDY AREA
 BADA SHIMLA(BEHIND THE SCIENCE COLLEGE AND KV NO.1 G.C.F.)
 LOCATION- 1. OVERHEAD TANK
 DATE- 10/04/19
 TIME- MORNING 8:50AM
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION-
 Colour- Brownish yellow sandstone-grassroot level
 Size- coarse to medium
 Material composition- sandstone with ferrugenius cementing material, quartz
feldspar(indentified by canada balsam)
 structure- cross bedding(angular relation between upper and lower beds).
 By this examination we reached to that conclusion that the outcrop is a sandstone.
(PIC-10- UPPER GONDWANA SANDSTONE)

28.  LOCATION- 2) BESIDES THE G.C.F. QUARTERS
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION-
 Outcrop- exposed over sandstone
 Colour- white
 Size- finest particles
 Material composition- micaceous clay(leaf plants and casts also preserved, vertebrate
formation not occurred).
 LAMETA FORMATION
 DATE- 10/04/19
 LOCATION- 1. Along the path of microwave tower
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION-
 OUTCROP- GREEN SANDSTONE(GLUCONITIC SANDSTONE)
 COLOUR- green
 SIZE- medium to fine
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION- quartz, gluconite, feldspar with clay-gol (clast of clay found in
sandstone).
(PIC- 11- GREEN SAND STONE )

29.  LOCATION- 2. Along the path of Microwave tower
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION-
 OUTCROP- lower limestone
 COLOUR- white
 SIZE- fine grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITON- Clast of clay (identified by Canada balsam), black chert,
jasper.
 Some Breaks in disposition.
(Pic- 11 lower lime stone lameta )

30.  LOCATION- 3. Along the path of microwave tower
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION:
 OUTCROP- MOTTLED NODULAR BED(MNB)
 COLOUR- can not be recognized but slightly of mud color
 SIZE- medium grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION- Clay-gol, quartz, and feldspar
 STRUCTURE- Nesting of burrows.
(Pic -12 MNB IN LAMETA)

31.  LOCATION- 4. ALONG THE PATH OF MICROWAVE TOWER
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION:
 OUTCROP- Upper limestone
 COLOUR- White
 SIZE- fine grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION- Quartz, feldspar(green channel filled deposit sandstone)
 FOSSIL CONTENTS- Thalasonite(Bio-turbidites),dinosaurs are not found but vertebrate bony
fragments(shark teeth, fishes, frog) are found.
(Pic -13 White Clay fossil impression)

32.  DECCAN TRAPS
 LOCATION- 4. BEHIND THE MICROWAVE TOWER
 Megascopic examination;-
 OUTCROP- DECCAN TRAP(of igneous origin)
 COLOUR- Dark black colored
 Size:-fine grained
 Material composition:- deccan trap is a volcanic intrusion of lava(basalt) with bauxite layer.
 BARGI HILLS
 Location 1 :- around seismic observatory
 Date:- 14/4/19
 Megascopic examination:-
 Outcrop:- granite exposed near seismic observatory
 Colour:- greyish black
 Material composition:- feldspar(pink), flaky mica biotite(black), quartz(vitreous lusture),
porphyritic granites.
 Structure:- 1. Mural joints(3set joint)
2. Tors(large boulders with solid rocks cores)
3. quartz reefs.

33. 3.
(Pic -14 Moral joint in granite)

34.  TILWARAGHAT/LAMETAGHAT/BHEDAGHAT
 Date:-18/04/19
 LOCATION- 1. UNDER THE TILWARAGHAT BRIDGE
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION:-
 OUTCROP:- Garnet Mica schist
 COLOUR:- White with black flakes
 SIZE:- fine grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION:- Quartz mica schist
 STRUCTURE- Folds are present.
 LOCATION:- 2. SECTION NEAR RELIANCE PUMP
 OUTCROP:- Exposed flows of deccan trap(identification- vesicles at top)
 COLOUR:- greyish black
 SIZE:- fine grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION:- Soil horizon at the top(black cotton soil- developed by deccan trap),
layer between deccan trap(red bole-weathering layer developed),Basalt(main rock type)
 STRUCTURE:- uneven joints- spheroidal weathering.

35. (Pic -15 Granite)
 LOCATION:- 3 ) Lameta/Bhedaghat section
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION:-
 OUTCROP:- chlorite-schist
 COLOUR:- Greyish green color
 SIZE:- Fine grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION:- chlorite , quartz , feldspar
 STRUCTURE – crenulation fold (fold develops in limb )

36. (Pic -16 Clorite schist in lameta Ghat)
 LOCATION 4:- Beside bridge toll
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION : -
 OUTCROP - black boulders and dolomitic limestone
 COLOUR – Black and Grey
 SIZE – fine grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION – quartz , feldspar
 STRUCTURE – 1) – Elephant skin weathering
2)– Granite Intrusion ( squeezed structure )

37. (Pic -17 Elephant skin weathering in dolomitic limestone )
 LOCATION 5) :- Bhedaghat bridge , (beside the river )
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION :-
 OUTCROP –Quaternery alluvium
 COLOUR – Soil colour (brown )
 SIZE – Medium to fine grained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION – Clay , Sand , Gravels and Boulders
 STRUCTURE – ripple marks , cross bedding , ash bed (Marker horizon –Deposit due to air drift
{may be due to Andaman Nicobar })

38. (Pic -18 Quaternary alluvium)
LOCATION 6 ) :- Swargadhari dyke , near gram panchayat ,bargi
 MEGASCOPIC EXAMINATION :-
 OUTCROP – Dolerite dyke in between dolomite marble
 COLOUR – Bluish black
 SIZE – finegrained
 MATERIAL COMPOSITION - feldspar , pyroxene , and mafic minerals somewhere we find out
part of amphiboles ( actinolite ,staurolite ,tremolite ) occurs due to contact metamorphism
 STRUCTURE – bedding , facet ( developed due to river ) , dolerite dyke

39. (Pic -19 Dolerite dyke intrude in marble )
 USES OF MAP AND FIELD INSTRUMENTS
 LIST OF INSTRUMENT AND TOOLS -:
 1- ROCK HAMMAER
2-HAND LENS
3- FIELD NOTEBOOK
4- HANDHELD GPS
5- COMPASS
6- FIELD VEST
7- MINERAL HAEDNESS KIT
8- ACID BOTTLE
9- GOLD PANS AND PANNING KITS
10- ROCKS BAGS
11-WALL MAPS
12-ROCK KITS
13MOHS HAERDNESS TESTING KITS
14- ROCK CHIESEL.

43. GEOLOGICAL FIELD MAPPING
A map is a visual representation of an area- a symbolic depiction highlighting the relationships
between elements of that space such as objects, regions and themes. A map showing the
distribution of rock units and structures across a region usually a plane surface is a geological
map. Geological field mapping is the process of selecting an area of interest and identifying all
the geological aspects of that area with the purpose of preparing a detailed geological report
and a map to summarize the report. A geolocial map will thus show the various rock type of the
region, the structures, geological formation, geothermal manifestation, age relationships,
distributions of minerals, ore deposits and fossils etc. and all these features maybe super-
imposed over a topographic map or a base map. The amount of detail shown in a map depends
largely on the scale and a smaller scale will naturally disclosed finer detail.The interpretation of
the map depends on once training, interests and the techniques used. It is fundamental to be
able to be visualized scenarios that may have been involved during the formation process of the
features displaced as this forms an essential foundation for the analyses of geological map. The
ability to form three dimentional image from a two dimentional plane is in real sense the major
part of geologic map interpretation.
CONCLUSION
We understand the geology & basic knowledge of mapping(plotting by taking dip and strike of the area
we got to study),usage of instruments(basic knowledge of Brunton, use of hammer and the pocket lens).
We would like to undergo detail mapping in the specific area if any scheme or training program is to be
organized or taken up by the COLLEGE or GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (GSI).

44. Refences
 Geology of India - Dr M. Ramkrishnan and Dr. Vidyanandhan
 Economic Geology - Dr. Umeswar Prashad
 Engineering Geology
 Geological survey of india
 Govt . Science college