This pdf is best for NEET JEE and other entrance exams.Its easy to memorise

1. BIOHACK NOTES
• Based on active recall and spaced repetition
• Target 360/360 in NEET Biology & 100/100 in Boards!
BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION

2. 14) Phylogenetic means ? (NEET)
1) ______ was the earliest to attempt a scientific basis of classification.
2) Aristotle classified plants into _____,_____ and______
3) He divided animals into ____ no of groups, one with ______ and one those did not.
4) Monera cell wall is made up of _______ and ________
5) All protists don't contain a cell wall. T/F
6) Loose tissue body of organisation is present in _______
7) Monerans cannot be saprophytic. T/F
8) Holozoic mode of nutrition is present in _______ kingdom,
9) The Animalia kingdom contains saprophytic animals. T/F
10) Whittaker gave 5 kingdom classification in ______ year.
11) Criterias used by Whittaker for classification was (5) (NEET)
12) Earlier Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra were placed together under _______
13) Kingdom ______ has brought together ________ and ________ (having cell wall) with
______ and ______ (lacking cell wall). (NEET)
• INTRODUCTION
19) Vast majority of bacteria are autotrophs. T/F
15) _______ are the sole members of kingdom monera.
16) 4 categories based on shape -
17) Bacterial structure is very complex, yet they are very simple in behavior. T/F
18) The ________ shows the most extensive metabolic diversity. (NEET)
• KINGDOM MONERA
DigaQ. 1
B
X
A
C
Y
D

3. 25) Methanogens are chemoautotrophs/chemoheterotrophs.
20) _________ bacteria live in some of the most harsh habitats (NEET 2019 Odhisa)
21) Name the 3 divisions of archaebacteria and their habitat. (NEET)
22) Archaebacteria differs from others by having _________. (NEET)
23) The reason for the survival of archaebacteria in extreme conditions is ?
24) _______ are present in the gut of ruminants. (NEET)
• ARCHAEBACTERIA
• EUBACTERIA
45) 3 ways through which bacteria do sexual reproduction -
26) Eubacteria have rigid cell wall. T/F
27) Eubacteria, if motile, contains cilia. T/F
28) Cyanobacteria is also called ________ have ______
type of chlorophyll.
29) Cyanobacteria can't be filamentous. T/F (NEET)
30) Cyanobacteria can be colonial. T/F
31) The colonies of cyanobacteria are surrounded by ________
32) They form ______ in polluted water.
33) Some can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells
called _________
34) Ex of bacteria containing heterocyst are (2) (NEET)
35) ____________ bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances
such as _____, _____, ______ for energy. (NEET)
36) ___________ play a great role in recycling of nutrients like (4)
37) ____________ bacteria are most abundant in nature. (NEET)
38) Nostoc is a filamentous/unicellular cyanobacteria. (NEET)
39) _________ are helpful in making curd from milk, production of antibiotics. (NEET)
40) Heterotrophic bacteria help in fixation of nitrogen in roots. T/F
41) Name the 4 well known diseases caused by bacteria and their causative agent. (NEET)
42) Bacteria produce spores in favorable conditions. T/F
43) In bacteria, a primitive type of sexual reproduction is also present. T/F
44) 3 ways through which bacteria reproduce -
DigaQ. 2
A
B

4. 53) This kingdom forms a link with other kingdoms. T/F
50) All ________ are placed under Protista. (NEET)
51) Groups under protista are (5)
52) Members of protists are primarily _______
• KINGDOM PROTISTA
63) _______ are chief producers of oceans. (NEET)
54) This group include ______ and _______ (NEET)
55) They are found only in marine water . T/F
56) They are microscopic and are planktons. T/F (NEET)
57) What are planktons ?
58) Most of them are _________
59) The cell wall form two thick/thin overlapping shells, which fit together as in a _______ (NEET)
60) The walls are embedded with _____ and thus the walls are destructible/indestructible. (NEET)
61) What is diatomaceous earth ? (NEET)
62) Diatomaceous earth is used in (3).
• CHRYSOPHYTES
• DINOFLAGELLATES
71) Red tides are good for marine fishes. T/F
64) They are mostly marine/free water and ________
65) They appear of 5 colour - (Rang birange :))
66) The cell wall has ___________ in the outer surface.
67) They have 2 cilla. T/F
68) Both the flagella are perpendicular to each other. T/F
69) Red dinoflagellates ex (1)
70) Red tides occur due to -
DigaQ. 4 - A
49) Mycoplasma are never pathogenic. T/F (NEET)
46) _________ completely lack cell wall. (NEET)
47) Mycoplasma cannot survive without oxygen. T/F (NEET)
48) __________ are the smallest living organism. (NEET)
DigaQ. 3
A B
C

5. 79) Ex - (1)
72) Majority of them are marine/fresh water.
73) Are found in stagnant water T/F.
74) Instead of cell wall, they have ______ which is rich in _______
75) Euglenoids have a flexible body. T/F
76) Euglenoids have one single long flagella. T/F
77) Pigments of euglenoids are identical to those present in ________
78) They are permanent autotrophs. T/F
85) The spores are dispersed by _______
80) Slime moulds are __________ protist.
81) Under suitable/unsuitable conditions, they form a
aggregation called _________
82) Plasmodium may spread over several feet. T/F
83) During favorable conditions, the plasmodium
differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. T/F
84) The spore possess true/false walls.
• EUGLENOIDS
• SLIME MOULDS
99) Sporozoans ex (1) and the disease it cause –
86) All protozoans are _________
87) Protozoans live as _______ or _______
88) _______ are believed to be primitive relatives of animals.
89) 4 major groups of protozoans are -
90) Habitat of ameboid protozoans. (3)
91) They capture their prey by ________ (NEET)
92) They have _____ shells on their surface.
93) Ex of ameboid parasite (1)
94) Habitat of flagellated protozoans (2)
95) Flagellated protozoans ex (1) and the disease it cause -
96) Ciliated protozoans have cavity called ______
97) Ex - (1)
98) Sporozoans have a ______ spore like stage.
• PROTOZOANS
DigaQ. 4 - B
DigaQ. 4 - C
DigaQ. 4 - D

6. 115) Basis of division of the kingdom is (3)
100) Fungi are cosmopolitan. T/F
101) The fungi kingdom only contains multicellular organisms. T/F
102) Their bodies contains long, ______ like structures called ______
103) The network of hyphae is called _______
104) What are coenocytic hyphae ?
105) The cell wall is composed of ______ and ________ (NEET)
106) Fungi are also parasitic. T/F
107) Symbionts ex (2)
108) Rep by vegetative means by (3)
109) Rep by asexual means by spores called _______or _______or_______
110) Sexual rep by (3)
111) The spores are produced in _______
112) Sexual cycle involves 3 steps -
113) Dikaryophase is present in (2)
114) In dikaryon cell, 2n condition is present. T/F
• KINGDOM FUNGI
• PHYCOMYCETES
123) _______ is a parasitic fungi on mustard.
116) Phycomycetes can't be obligate parasites on plants. T/F
117) Mycelium is aseptate/septate and ______
118) Asexual rep by (2)
119) These spores are end/exogenously produced in ________
120) A ______ is formed by fusion of two gametes.
121) Gametes are of 3 types -
122) Ex (3)
DigaQ. 5 - A

7. 149) Ex (3) (NEET)
137) Commonly known forms are _______, ______ or _______ (NEET)
138) Ex of parasitic basidiomycetes. (2)
139) Mycelium branched/unbranched and septate/aseptate.
140) Asexual spores are generally found. T/F
141) Vegetative rep by ________ is common.
142) Sex organs are present. T/F
143) Sexual reproduction is present . T/F
144) Plasmogamy occur through ______
145) The resultant structure is ________ which ultimately give rise to _______
146) Karyogamy and meiosis occur in _______
147) Basidiospores are endogenously/exogenously produced on ______
148) Basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called ________
136) ______ and _______ are edible. (NEET)
124) Commonly known as ______
125) Yeast scientific name is ___________ (NEET)
126) Modes of nutrition seen are - (4)
127) Mycelium branched/unbranched and septate/aseptate.
128) Asexual spore are -
129) Conidia are produced on endo/exogenously.
130) Conidia on germination produce ________
131) Sexual spore name ______ and produced endo/exogenously.
132) Sexual spore produced in _____ which are ____ like.
133) These asci are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called _______
134) Ex (3)
135) ________ is used extensively in biochemical and genetic work. (NEET)
• ASCOMYCETES
• BASIDIOMYCETES
DigaQ. 5 - B
DigaQ. 5 - C

8. 173) Virus infecting animals have ______ genetic material.
161) In the Whittaker classification, he didn't include ________ organisms.
162) Virus have ____________ structure outside the living cell.
163) "Virus" means _______ or ________
164) ___________ gave virus its name.
165) _________ recognised in year ____ certain microbes as causal agents of mosaic disease of
tobacco. (NEET)
166) ___________ saw that extract from infected plants cause infection in healthy plants
hence called the fluid _______ in year ______ (NEET)
167) ____ (year) showed that viruses could be crystalilsed. (NEET)
168) Virus crystal consist largely of ________
169) Virus are not obligate parasite, they can be helpful too. T/F
170) Virus can contain both RNA and DNA. T/F
171) A virus is in short a ____________
172) Virus infecting plant have ______ genetic material.
DigaQ. 6 - X
A B
156) Ex (3)
150) Commonly known as ________ (NEET)
151) They are imperfect fungi because - (NEET)
152) Reproduce by spore called _______
153) Mycelium features (2) (NEET)
154) Mode of nutrition is (3) (NEET)
155) They help in mineral cycling. T/F (NEET)
• DEUTEROMYCETES
160) All plants are eukaryotic chlorophyll containing organisms. T/F
157) Ex of insectivorous plant (2).
158) Ex of a parasitic plant. (1)
159) Animals stores food as _____ or _____
• KINGDOM PLANTAE AND ANIMALIA
• VIRUSES, VIROIDS, PRIONS AND LICHENS

9. 189) Lichen are very good indicators of ________. They don't grow in ______ (NEET)
174) Bacteriophages means ?
175) Genetic material of bacteriophages is
176) The protein coat is made up of _______ (NEET)
177) These capsomeres are arranged in _____ or _____
geometric forms.
178) Viral diseases in humans ex. (5)
179) In plants, viral diseases are (5)
180) Viroids were discovered by ______ in _____ year.
181) Viroids are bigger than virus. T/F (NEET)
182) It is a free RNA/DNA. (NEET)
183) It lacks a protein coat. T/F
184) The RNA of viroid was of high molecular weight. T/F (NEET)
185) _______ are mis-folded proteins.
186) Prions cause __________ in cattle and its analogous variant _________ in humans.
187) Algal component of lichen is called _______ and fungal is called _______
188) Fxn of algal and fungal component respectively are -
C
D
E
F
DigaQ. 6 - Y

10. ANSWERS
BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION

11. • ANSWERS
7. F
1. Aristotle
2. Trees, shrubs and herbs
3. Had red blood and those that did not
4. Polysaccharide + amino acid
5. F
6. Fungi
30. T
23. Same as 22 and also absence of peptidoglycan
24. Methanogens
25. Chemoautotrophs
Eubacteria
26. T
27. F
28. Blue green algae, chl a
29. F
22. Different cell wall structure, branched chain
lipids (phytanyl side chains)
• MONERA
15. Bacteria
16. Cocci, bacillus, vibrium, spirillum
17. F
18. Bacteria as a group
19. F
Archaebacteria
20. Archaebacteria
21. extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs
(thermoacidophiles) and marshy areas
(methanogens)
14. Based on evolutionary relationship
8. Animal
9. T
10. 1969
11. cell structure, body organisation, mode of
nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic
relationships
12. Algae
13. Protista, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella,
Paramoecium and Amoeba

12. 61. Cell wall deposits of diatoms
31. Gelatinous sheath
32. Blooms
33. Heterocysts
34. Anabaena, Nostoc
35. Chemosynthetic autotrophs, nitrates, nitrites
and ammonia
36. Chemosynthetic autotrophs, N,P,Fe,S
37. Heterotrophic
38. Filamentous
39. Heterotrophic bacteria
40. T
41. Cholera (Vibrio cholerae), typhoid (Salmonella
typhi), tetanus (Clostridium tetani), citrus canker
(Xanthomonas citri)
42. F
43. T
44. Fission, spore formation, sexual reproduction
45. Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction
46. Mycoplasma
47. F
48. Mycoplasma
49. F
• KINGDOM PROTISTA
50. Single celled eukaryotes
51. Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime
moulds and Protozoans
52. Aquatic
53. T
54. Diatoms and Golden algae(desmids)
55. F, fresh water also
56. T
57. Those who float passively in water currents
58. Photosynthetic
59. Soap Box
60. Silica, indestructible
94. Free-living or parasitic
62. Polishing, filtration of oils and syrups
63. Diatoms
64. Marine, photosynthetic
65. Yellow, green, brown, blue, red
66. Stiff cellulosic plates
67. F
68. T
69. Gonyaulax
70. Rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates
71. F, they kill them
72. Fresh
73. T
74. Pellicle, protein
75. T
76. F, two flagella, one short one long
77. Higher plants
78. F
79. Euglena
80. Saprophytic
81. Suitable, plasmodium
82. T
83. F, unfavorable
84. True
85. Air currents
86. Heterotrophs
87. Predators or parasites
88. Protozonas
89. Amoeboid, Flagellated, Cilliated and Sporozoans
90. Fresh water, sea water or moist soil
91. Putting out pseudopodia
92. Silica
93. Entameoba

13. 125. Saccharomyces
95. Trypanosoma - Sleeping sickness
96. Gullet
97. Paramoecium
98. Infective
99. Plasmodium – Malaria
• KINGDOM FUNGI
100. T
101. F
102. Slender thread, hyphae
103. Mycelium
104. Hyphae are continuous tubes filled with
multinucleated cytoplasm
105. Chitin and polysaccharide
106. T
107. Lichen, mycorrhiza
108. Fragmentation, fission and budding
109. Conidia or sporangiospore or zoospore
110. Oospore, ascospore and basidiospore
111. Fruiting bodies
112. Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and meiosis
113. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
114. F
115. Morphology of mycelium, mode of spore
formation and fruiting bodies
116. F
117. Aseptate, coenocytic
118. Zoospore (motile) or aploanospore(non-motile)
119. Endo. sporangium
120. Zygospore
121. Isogamous, anisogamous and oogamous
122. Mucor, Albugo, Rhizopus
123. Albugo
124. Sac-fungi 156. Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma
126. Saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or
coprophilous
127. branched , septate
128. Conidia
129. Exogenously
130. Mycelium
131. Ascospore, endo
132. Asci, sac like
133. Ascocarps
134. Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora
135. Neurospora
136. Morels and truffles
137. Mushrooms, bracket fungi and puffballs
138. Rusts and smuts
139. Branches and septate
140. F
141. Fragmentation
142. F
143. T
144. Somatic fusion
145. Dikaryotic, basidium
146. Basidium
147. Exo, basidium
148. Basidiocarps
149. Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut) and
Puccinia (rust fungus)
150. Imperfect fungi
151. Sexual phase not present
152. Conidia
153. Septate, branched
154. Saprophhytes, parasitic, decomposers of litter
155. T

14. 178. mumps, small pox, herpes and influenza. AIDS
• KINGDOM PLANTAE & ANIMALIA
157. Bladderwort, Venus fly trap
158. Cuscuta
159. Glycogen and fat
160. F
• VIRUSES, VIROIDS AND LICHENS
161. Acellular
162. Inert crystalline
163. Venom, poisonous fluid
164. Pasteur
165. D.J. Ivanowsky (1892)
166. M.W. Beijerinek, contagium vivum fluidum, 1898
167. W.M. Stanley (1935)
168. Proteins
169. F
170. F
171. Nucleoprotein
172. ssRNA
173. ssRNA or dsRNA or dsDNA
174. Virus that infect bacteria
175. dsDNA
176. Capsomeres
177. Helical or polyhedral D – Vibrio
179. mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling,
yellowing and vein clearing, dwarfing and stunted
growth.
180. T.O. Diener, 1971
181. F
182. RNA
183. T
184. F
185. Prions
186. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
commonly called mad cow disease, Cr–Jacob disease
(CJD)
187. Phycobiont, mycobiont
188. . Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide
shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water
189. Pollution, polluted areas
• DigaQs
DigaQ. 1
A – Cocci
B – Bacilli
C – Spirilla
Y – Flagellum
X – Spore

15. LE YOU*
D – Paramoecium
DigaQ. 2 - Nostoc
A – Heterocyst
B – Mucilaginous sheath
DigaQ. 3 - A dividing bacterium
A – Cell wall
B – Cell membrane
C – DNA
DigaQ. 4
A – Dinoflagellates
B – Euglena
C – Slime mould
F – Tail fibres
DigaQ. 5
A – Mucor
B – Aspergillus
DigaQ. 6
X – Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Y – Bacteriophage
A – RNA
B – Capsid
C – Head
D – Collar
E – Sheath
FRIEND: TERE BIO MAI 360/360
KAISE AA GAYE ??!!
SCAN AND DONATE US SO THAT WE
CAN CREATE MORE SUCH QUALITY
CONTENT FOR YOU!
JUST ₹10-20 WILL BE APPRECIABLE! :)