2. But first…..
Autotrophs Heterotrophs
Make their own food
• with light – phototrophs
• with chemicals -- chemotrophs
Can NOT make own
food. They get their
energy on the foods
they eat.
3. 3
ATP
• referred to as the “molecular unit of currency” of
intracellular energy transfer
• an organic compound that provides energy to drive many
processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve
impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical
synthesis
• breakage of one phosphate linkage (to form adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) that provides energy for physiological
processes such as muscular contraction
• JOB: store and releases energy
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
ADENINE+RIBOSE+3 PHOSPHATES
4. WHY ATP?
• Phosphates have a large amount of
chemical energy. Whenever a bond of
phosphate is broken, a large amount
of usable cellular energy is released.
7. IMPORTANCE OF
ATP-ADP CYCLE
• Provides energy for cellular activity
• When energy is necessary, the third
phosphate group breaks off from ATP. This
forms ADP and releases energy.
• creates the mechanism by which cells can
create their own ATP and use it as energy
8.
9. Transformation of Energy
– Energy is the ability to do work.
– Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation
of energy in the universe.
Laws of Thermodynamics
– First law - Energy can be converted from one form to
another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.
– Second law - Energy cannot be converted without
the loss of usable energy.
10. 10
Transformation of Energy
– Energy is the ability to do work.
– Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and
transformation of energy in the universe.
Laws of Thermodynamics
– First law - Energy can be converted from
one form to another, but it cannot be created
nor destroyed.
– Second law - Energy cannot be converted
without the loss of usable energy.
11. • Carbohydrates
– most commonly broken down to make
ATP.
– not stored in large amounts
– up to 36 ATP from one glucose
molecule
• Lipids
– store the most energy.
– 80% of energy in your body
– About 146 ATP from a
triglyceride
• Proteins
– least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carb.