L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1
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Highway Planning and Development/ Highway Alignment and Surveys. Classification of roads based on the different criteria; brief history of road developments in India; present status of roads development Programme in the country in India including different programmes being executed by various agencies
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L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1
- 1. Transportation Engineering Module 1.1 Highway Planning and Development www.skpatil.com Dr. S.K. Patil HOD Civil, Gharda Institute of Technology, Ratnagiri
- 2. Highway Planning and Development ■Road Classification based on diff criteria ■Criteria – Material – Location & Function – Traffic Volume – Economy – Rigidity – Topography – Traffic Type – Special Roads www.skpatil.com 2
- 3. Highway Planning and Development ■Road Classification based on Material – Earthen Road ■Local soil ■Cheapest ■Low traffic ■Rural/Country Side ■Must have good drainage facility – Gravel Road ■Low quality roads ■Better than Earthen road ■Compacted mixture of gravel & soil – Murum Road ■Weathered rocks – Kankar Road ■Kankar – Impure lime stone ■Performance similar to gravel road – WBM road ■Water bound macadam ■Crushed aggregates @ base ■Compacted with moisture ■Layered – Bituminous Roads – Concrete Roads www.skpatil.com 3
- 4. ■Bituminous roads – Popular worldwide in developing countries – Low cost – High Maintenance – Good driving performance – Flexible nature – Water resistance ■Concrete roads – Widely used now a days – Low maintenance – High cost – Used at high traffic volumes – Jointed structure – Time & Construction www.skpatil.com 4
- 5. Highway Planning and Development ■Road Classification based on Location & Function – NH – SH – MDR – ODR – VR – Border roads – International Highways www.skpatil.com 5
- 6. ■National Highways – Connecting two major cities – Running throughout for length & breadth of country – Minimum 2 lanes – National highway act 1956 – Connects state capitals, ports & international highways – Financed by central Govt ■State Highways – Connects state capital to important cities & NH – Financed by State Govt (PWD) – Maharashtra has longest SH in country – 62% of state highways found in states MH, MP, Gujrat, Karnataka & Rajashtan www.skpatil.com 6
- 7. ■District roads – Within district – Connects producer to market – Financed by ZP & PWD – MDR ■Connects headquarter of neighboring district with main parts of districts – ODR ■Within district ■Connects imp places in district ■Village roads – Connecting Villages – Requested through Gram Panchayat – Narrow – Unsuitable for heavy traffic – Weathering difficulty ■Jawahar Rojgar Yojana ■PMGSY – Improvement in rural transport – Motto - All weather roads to all villages – Villages >500 pop. ■Pop>250 for hilly/tribal area www.skpatil.com 7
- 8. ■Border Roads – Border Roads Organization 1960 – Strategically Imp roads – Dokhlam Issue – Zojila Kargil roads – Manali- Leh roads ■International Highways – Under Agreement with ESCAP – (Economic & Social commission on Asia & Pacific) Organization – Connecting neighboring country – Financed by world bank – Loahore-Amritsar-Delhi- Agra-Kolkata-Golaghat- Imphal-Mandalya www.skpatil.com 8
- 9. ■Traffic Volume – Light traffic ■<400 v/d – Medium Traffic ■400-1000 v/d – High ■>1000 v/d ■Based on Economy – Low cost – Medium – High cost www.skpatil.com 9
- 10. Based on Rigidity ■Flexible roads – Bituminous Roads ■Rigid Roads – Concrete roads www.skpatil.com 10
- 11. ■Based on Topography – Plain area roads ■Level surface – Hilly region roads ■Zigzap ■Based on Traffic type – Pedestrian/Walkway – Cycle track – Motor ways www.skpatil.com 11
- 12. Special roads â– Arterial road â– ByPass â– Ring Road www.skpatil.com 12
- 13. Life's biggest challenge is deciding what's important ... then disregarding the rest - Anonymous I can be reached at www.skpatil.com www.skpatil.com 13