SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 26
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR URBAN
UPGRADATION
THE CASE OF MUMBAI
by
Society for the Promotion of Area Resource
Centers (SPARC), India
September 2003
by
Society for the Promotion of Area Resource
Centers (SPARC), India
September 2003
Specifically look at:
–The crisis of slums in Mumbai
–The attempts by government to improve the situation of the
poor
–The case of SPARC, an NGO, and Rajiv Indira-Suryodaya, a
housing society of slum dwellers, who are working to redevelop
a slum
– How a central government legislation checks these efforts
– What changes need to occur to make slum redevelopment
efforts successful
Agenda for this Presentation
September 2003
Aim: Present regulations for slum redevelopment in Mumbai
Illustrate the case of SPARC and a housing society of slum dwellers
Slums in Mumbai
In Mumbai 6.6 million people live in slums.
Although 55% of the city lives in slums, they occupy only about 20%
of city land.
These slums are located throughout the city on:
-- private land
-- state government lands
-- municipal lands
-- central government lands
There are about 4000 slum pockets in Mumbai.
They exist on any open unprotected land such as pavements,
railway tracks, airports, open drains and dumping grounds.
All slums have inadequate housing, water and sanitation and are
overcrowded.
September 2003
In Mumbai, more than 70,000 families live in slums
along the airport
September 2003
In Mumbai, thousands of families live in slums
along the railway tracks
September 2003
In Mumbai, thousands of families live in slums
along pavements
September 2003
Government Efforts to improve living conditions
The government has made several attempts to change this
situation.
Slum eradication and relocation
Slum improvement
Slum upgradation
Slum redevelopment and rehabilitation
But there was little change in living conditions and slums
continued to grow
September 2003
In 1995, the state government initiated the Slum
Rehabilitation Scheme.
This is widely considered the most progressive effort so far
All those living in slum structures prior to 1.1.95 are eligible
for SRS
They can get a 225 sq. feet house free of cost
The funding for this scheme is extremely innovative
Slum Rehabilitation Scheme
Innovative Funding for Slum Upgradation
Incentive Built Up Area
For every 10 square meters of free rehabilitation tenements
constructed, developers are allowed to construct a certain amount
of for-sale tenements
In the island city, the ratio is 1:0.75
In suburbs and extended suburbs the ratio is 1:1
In particularly difficult areas, such as Dharavi where this case
study is based, the ratio is 1:1.33
September 2003
Premise: Real estate prices are high and land is a scarce resource
Transferable Development Rights
Development Control Regulations restrict the built up area on a
particular plot of land. This is called Floor Space Index (FSI)
Since SRS provides incentive built up area, the total amount of
FSI granted exceeds the amount that can be constructed on
one particular plot
SRS allows for extra FSI to be sold – as if it were land itself – in
the open market in suburbs and extended suburbs of Mumbai.
This is called Transferable Development Rights
Innovative Funding for Slum Upgradation
An example (in Dharavi)
Rehabilitation Area : 1500 sq. meters
Incentive FSI @ 1:1.33 : 1999 sq. meters for sale
Total BUA granted : 3499 sq. meters
Permissible BUA: 2500 sq. meters
Extra BUA as TDR: 999 sq. meters
Innovative Funding for Slum Upgradation
The case study of Rajiv Indira-Suryodaya
212 slum families belong of Rajiv Indira-
Suryodaya Cooperative Housing Society
SPARC is developing their land
5 buildings are planned -- 3 for rehabilitation
and 2 buildings for sale
So far, 1 rehab building with 90 tenements
completed and occupied
Second building for 64 tenements almost
ready
Third building for 56 tenements is underway
September 2003
However there is a problem
Central government regulations restrict development along the coast
in order to protect the environment
This is known as the Coastal Regulations Zone and it overrides the
benefits of the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme
In fact, more than half of the plot area i.e.1564 sq. meters is affected
by CRZ II
September 2003
Coastal Regulations Zone
There are three zones.
CRZ I – Area between the high tide and
low tide line, where no development is
permitted
CRZ II – where substantial development
has already occurred, but further
development is controlled
CRZ III –where sporadic development
has occurred, and only repairs and
reconstruction is allowed
September 2003
How CRZ affects Mumbai
A very large part of Mumbai falls into CRZ area. This means
No construction is allowed on the seaward side of existing
roads or authorized structures
FSI in CRZ II is frozen
Design and construction had to be consistent with the
surrounding landscape
Lands on either side of a creek also fall into CRZ II
September 2003
How CRZ affects slums in Mumbai
Nearly 134 slums or 30,000 households fall within CRZ.
All slums are considered unauthorized structures
Slums on seaward side cannot access SRS
Slums on landward side have restricted FSI
September 2003
Slums on the seaward side cannot be redeveloped
September 2003
Slums on the landward side have restricted
development
September 2003
Slums along creeks also fall into CRZ
September 2003
Dharavi, which is along the Mithi River, falls into
CRZ II
September 2003
In fact, more than 3080 families in Dharavi are
affected by CRZ II
September 2003
SPARC’s construction falls into CRZ II
September 2003
EXISTINGROAD
C.R.Z. ZONE
C.R.Z.LINE
C.R.Z. AFFECTED AREA
(G+3)
SALE BLDG. REHAB. BLDG.
(G+5)
(G+3)
SALE
BLDG.
REHAB BLDG.
SALE BUILDING
(G+7)
REHAB.BLDG.
C.R.Z. FREE AREA
REHAB.BLDG.
(G+4)
FOR GANGA C.H.S.
Map of SPARC plot
100 meters
Three Rehabilitation
Buildings
Two for-sale buildings
High Tide Line
This plot abuts the Mahim Creek and half the land falls into CRZ II
Here, FSI is restricted to 1.33
SPARC can only construct 3 story buildings and must sell rest as TDR
Selling already built tenements is more lucrative than selling TDR
Community loses Rs. 900 per square foot
Community totally loses Rs. 17 million
How this affects the financial viability of SPARC’s
construction
September 2003
SPARC’s efforts
SPARC found that there was a mistake on the CZMP plan
On Chief Naval Hydrogapher’s map, the width of creek is only
50 meters
But CRZ marked as 100 meters
However CRZ Rules say CRZ along creeks should be either
100 meters or the width of the creek, whichever is less.
SPARC appealed to state led authority to request correction
Authority has agreed and will recommend change to the central
government authority to support
SPARC is now lobbying its case in Delhi.
September 2003
CRZ relaxation will greatly benefit SPARC’s project
EXISTINGROAD
SALEBLDG.
SALEBLDG.
(G+3)
C.R.Z.AFFECTEDAREA
(G+3)
C.R.Z.ZONE
C.R.Z.LINE
(G+5)
REHAB.BLDG.
C.R.Z.FREE AREA
(G+4)
REHAB.BLDG.
REHAB.BLDG.
(G+7)
FORGANGAC.H.S.
SALEBUILDING
REHABBLDG.
C.R.Z.LINE
Total BUA allowed
will increase by
1104.90 sq. meters
SPARC will make
Rs. 10 million more
This will be used to
support other slum
communities
undertake SRS
September 2003
50 meters
100 meters
3 Rehabilitation
High Tide Line
2 For-sale
Conclusion
This will also greatly benefit other slums
3080 families who live in this 100 meter CRZ belt in Dharavi will
be able to access SRS
This will set a precedent for getting CRZ relaxations for other
slum pockets – both on landward and seaward side
September 2003

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

2.6.1 slum case study mumbai
2.6.1 slum case study mumbai2.6.1 slum case study mumbai
2.6.1 slum case study mumbaiSachin PatiL
 
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007
National  Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007National  Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
 
Chandigarh city planning by Le Corbusier
Chandigarh city planning by Le CorbusierChandigarh city planning by Le Corbusier
Chandigarh city planning by Le CorbusierAs Per Design
 
Artist's village Belapur
 Artist's village Belapur Artist's village Belapur
Artist's village BelapurBipasa Das
 
Low Cost Housing India
Low Cost Housing IndiaLow Cost Housing India
Low Cost Housing IndiaRohan Zagade
 
Aranya low cost housing-BV Doshi
Aranya low cost housing-BV DoshiAranya low cost housing-BV Doshi
Aranya low cost housing-BV Doshikusha Ahmed
 
Varanasi development plan analysis
Varanasi development plan analysisVaranasi development plan analysis
Varanasi development plan analysisAvanitaSharma
 
all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala
all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala
all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
 
Case stydy on housing
Case stydy on housingCase stydy on housing
Case stydy on housingshabbirtg
 
ARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDY
ARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDYARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDY
ARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDYMahak Gupta
 
46721953 magarpatta-city
46721953 magarpatta-city46721953 magarpatta-city
46721953 magarpatta-cityBhairavi Gupta
 
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKS
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKSTYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKS
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKSSipAn Hayran
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Gurugram casestudy
Gurugram casestudyGurugram casestudy
Gurugram casestudy
 
2.6.1 slum case study mumbai
2.6.1 slum case study mumbai2.6.1 slum case study mumbai
2.6.1 slum case study mumbai
 
CIDCO HOUSING BELAPUR
CIDCO HOUSING BELAPURCIDCO HOUSING BELAPUR
CIDCO HOUSING BELAPUR
 
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007
National  Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007National  Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007
 
Chandigarh city planning by Le Corbusier
Chandigarh city planning by Le CorbusierChandigarh city planning by Le Corbusier
Chandigarh city planning by Le Corbusier
 
Artist's village Belapur
 Artist's village Belapur Artist's village Belapur
Artist's village Belapur
 
Low Cost Housing India
Low Cost Housing IndiaLow Cost Housing India
Low Cost Housing India
 
Aranya low cost housing-BV Doshi
Aranya low cost housing-BV DoshiAranya low cost housing-BV Doshi
Aranya low cost housing-BV Doshi
 
Varanasi development plan analysis
Varanasi development plan analysisVaranasi development plan analysis
Varanasi development plan analysis
 
all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala
all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala
all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala
 
Case stydy on housing
Case stydy on housingCase stydy on housing
Case stydy on housing
 
ARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDY
ARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDYARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDY
ARANYA HOUSING CASE STUDY
 
Aranya Low Cost Housing
Aranya Low Cost HousingAranya Low Cost Housing
Aranya Low Cost Housing
 
46721953 magarpatta-city
46721953 magarpatta-city46721953 magarpatta-city
46721953 magarpatta-city
 
HOUSING CASE STUDY
HOUSING CASE STUDYHOUSING CASE STUDY
HOUSING CASE STUDY
 
tara group housing
tara group housingtara group housing
tara group housing
 
Magarpatta city
Magarpatta cityMagarpatta city
Magarpatta city
 
Neighbourhood Planning
Neighbourhood PlanningNeighbourhood Planning
Neighbourhood Planning
 
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKS
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKSTYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKS
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKS
 
A.d. 4.2 grp 81 (2)
A.d. 4.2 grp 81  (2)A.d. 4.2 grp 81  (2)
A.d. 4.2 grp 81 (2)
 

Ähnlich wie 2.6.2 slum case study mumbai sparc

Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...
Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...
Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...Janel Smith-Duguid
 
LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:
LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:
LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:Anupama Krishnan
 
Slum rehabilitation authority
Slum rehabilitation authoritySlum rehabilitation authority
Slum rehabilitation authorityHarsh Jain
 
Development control regulations kochi report
Development control regulations kochi reportDevelopment control regulations kochi report
Development control regulations kochi reportGeeva Chandana
 
MUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGION
MUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGIONMUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGION
MUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGIONIntekhab Alam
 
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key points
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key pointsDevelopment Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key points
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key pointsPresi
 
Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL
Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL
Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL Eminent Planners
 
Redevelopment project ppt
Redevelopment project pptRedevelopment project ppt
Redevelopment project pptamankothari97
 
3.1.2 development control rules tdr
3.1.2 development control rules tdr3.1.2 development control rules tdr
3.1.2 development control rules tdrSachin PatiL
 
urban planning REPORT.pdf
urban planning  REPORT.pdfurban planning  REPORT.pdf
urban planning REPORT.pdfFkFe
 
Urban land use and urban land value
Urban land use and urban land valueUrban land use and urban land value
Urban land use and urban land valueChinmay Gowda
 
Construction site management
Construction site managementConstruction site management
Construction site managementrajlaxmipardeshi
 
Chapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th Edition
Chapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th EditionChapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th Edition
Chapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th EditionParamita E.
 
2 the mcmechan reservoir development
2 the mcmechan reservoir development2 the mcmechan reservoir development
2 the mcmechan reservoir developmentBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
 

Ähnlich wie 2.6.2 slum case study mumbai sparc (14)

Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...
Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...
Redistricting Application to include townhouses in a low density neighbourhoo...
 
LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:
LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:
LEGISLATIVE STRUCRURE OF MMR:
 
Slum rehabilitation authority
Slum rehabilitation authoritySlum rehabilitation authority
Slum rehabilitation authority
 
Development control regulations kochi report
Development control regulations kochi reportDevelopment control regulations kochi report
Development control regulations kochi report
 
MUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGION
MUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGIONMUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGION
MUMBAI METROPOLITIAN REGION
 
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key points
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key pointsDevelopment Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key points
Development Control Regulations, Mumbai - Key points
 
Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL
Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL
Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL
 
Redevelopment project ppt
Redevelopment project pptRedevelopment project ppt
Redevelopment project ppt
 
3.1.2 development control rules tdr
3.1.2 development control rules tdr3.1.2 development control rules tdr
3.1.2 development control rules tdr
 
urban planning REPORT.pdf
urban planning  REPORT.pdfurban planning  REPORT.pdf
urban planning REPORT.pdf
 
Urban land use and urban land value
Urban land use and urban land valueUrban land use and urban land value
Urban land use and urban land value
 
Construction site management
Construction site managementConstruction site management
Construction site management
 
Chapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th Edition
Chapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th EditionChapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th Edition
Chapter 9 Zoning and Growth Controls - Urban Economics 6th Edition
 
2 the mcmechan reservoir development
2 the mcmechan reservoir development2 the mcmechan reservoir development
2 the mcmechan reservoir development
 

Mehr von Sachin PatiL

C 1 highway development in india
C 1 highway development in indiaC 1 highway development in india
C 1 highway development in indiaSachin PatiL
 
L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3
L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3 L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3
L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3 Sachin PatiL
 
L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1
L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1  L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1
L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1 Sachin PatiL
 
Job Opportunities as Transportation Engineer
Job Opportunities as  Transportation EngineerJob Opportunities as  Transportation Engineer
Job Opportunities as Transportation EngineerSachin PatiL
 
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapur
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapurTraffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapur
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapurSachin PatiL
 
Traffic survey student activity dabhil naka
Traffic survey student activity dabhil nakaTraffic survey student activity dabhil naka
Traffic survey student activity dabhil nakaSachin PatiL
 
Traffic survey student activity chiplun
Traffic survey student activity chiplunTraffic survey student activity chiplun
Traffic survey student activity chiplunSachin PatiL
 
Traffic survey student activity bharane naka
Traffic survey student activity bharane nakaTraffic survey student activity bharane naka
Traffic survey student activity bharane nakaSachin PatiL
 
CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2
CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2
CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2Sachin PatiL
 
Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1
Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1
Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1Sachin PatiL
 
3.3 land acquisition act
3.3 land acquisition act3.3 land acquisition act
3.3 land acquisition actSachin PatiL
 
3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning act
3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning act3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning act
3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning actSachin PatiL
 
3.1.1 development control rules case study
3.1.1 development control rules case study3.1.1 development control rules case study
3.1.1 development control rules case studySachin PatiL
 
3.1 development control rules
3.1 development control rules3.1 development control rules
3.1 development control rulesSachin PatiL
 
3.5 structure, dpp subject plan
3.5 structure, dpp subject plan3.5 structure, dpp subject plan
3.5 structure, dpp subject planSachin PatiL
 
3.4 village planning
3.4 village planning3.4 village planning
3.4 village planningSachin PatiL
 
2.6 slum rehabilitation
2.6 slum rehabilitation2.6 slum rehabilitation
2.6 slum rehabilitationSachin PatiL
 
2.5 town asthetics n landscaping
2.5 town asthetics n landscaping 2.5 town asthetics n landscaping
2.5 town asthetics n landscaping Sachin PatiL
 

Mehr von Sachin PatiL (20)

C 1 highway development in india
C 1 highway development in indiaC 1 highway development in india
C 1 highway development in india
 
L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3
L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3 L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3
L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3
 
L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1
L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1  L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1
L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1
 
Job Opportunities as Transportation Engineer
Job Opportunities as  Transportation EngineerJob Opportunities as  Transportation Engineer
Job Opportunities as Transportation Engineer
 
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapur
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapurTraffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapur
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapur
 
Traffic survey student activity dabhil naka
Traffic survey student activity dabhil nakaTraffic survey student activity dabhil naka
Traffic survey student activity dabhil naka
 
Traffic survey student activity chiplun
Traffic survey student activity chiplunTraffic survey student activity chiplun
Traffic survey student activity chiplun
 
Traffic survey student activity bharane naka
Traffic survey student activity bharane nakaTraffic survey student activity bharane naka
Traffic survey student activity bharane naka
 
CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2
CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2
CiviLions GIT civil newsletter vol 1 issue-2
 
Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1
Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1
Amgoi news vol 1 issue 1
 
3.3 land acquisition act
3.3 land acquisition act3.3 land acquisition act
3.3 land acquisition act
 
3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning act
3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning act3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning act
3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning act
 
3.1.1 development control rules case study
3.1.1 development control rules case study3.1.1 development control rules case study
3.1.1 development control rules case study
 
3.1 development control rules
3.1 development control rules3.1 development control rules
3.1 development control rules
 
3.6 urban renewal
3.6 urban renewal3.6 urban renewal
3.6 urban renewal
 
3.5.1 master plan
3.5.1 master plan3.5.1 master plan
3.5.1 master plan
 
3.5 structure, dpp subject plan
3.5 structure, dpp subject plan3.5 structure, dpp subject plan
3.5 structure, dpp subject plan
 
3.4 village planning
3.4 village planning3.4 village planning
3.4 village planning
 
2.6 slum rehabilitation
2.6 slum rehabilitation2.6 slum rehabilitation
2.6 slum rehabilitation
 
2.5 town asthetics n landscaping
2.5 town asthetics n landscaping 2.5 town asthetics n landscaping
2.5 town asthetics n landscaping
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

cloud computing notes for anna university syllabus
cloud computing notes for anna university syllabuscloud computing notes for anna university syllabus
cloud computing notes for anna university syllabusViolet Violet
 
Design of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptx
Design of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptxDesign of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptx
Design of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptxYogeshKumarKJMIT
 
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 ProjectGender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Projectreemakb03
 
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...Amil baba
 
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxnvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxjasonsedano2
 
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemsolar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemgokuldongala
 
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Bahzad5
 
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationA Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationMohsinKhanA
 
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxMohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxKISHAN KUMAR
 
The relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyThe relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyabdulkadirmukarram03
 
Guardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSec
Guardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSecGuardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSec
Guardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSecTrupti Shiralkar, CISSP
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...amrabdallah9
 
Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...
Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...
Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...sahb78428
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfRedhwan Qasem Shaddad
 
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docxSUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docxNaveenVerma126
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....santhyamuthu1
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

cloud computing notes for anna university syllabus
cloud computing notes for anna university syllabuscloud computing notes for anna university syllabus
cloud computing notes for anna university syllabus
 
Design of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptx
Design of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptxDesign of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptx
Design of Clutches and Brakes in Design of Machine Elements.pptx
 
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 ProjectGender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
 
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
 
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxnvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
 
Lecture 2 .pptx
Lecture 2                            .pptxLecture 2                            .pptx
Lecture 2 .pptx
 
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemsolar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
 
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
 
Présentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdf
Présentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdfPrésentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdf
Présentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdf
 
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationA Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
 
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxMohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
 
The relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyThe relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technology
 
Guardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSec
Guardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSecGuardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSec
Guardians and Glitches: Navigating the Duality of Gen AI in AppSec
 
Lecture 2 .pdf
Lecture 2                           .pdfLecture 2                           .pdf
Lecture 2 .pdf
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
 
Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...
Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...
Clutches and brkesSelect any 3 position random motion out of real world and d...
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
 
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docxSUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
 
Lecture 4 .pdf
Lecture 4                              .pdfLecture 4                              .pdf
Lecture 4 .pdf
 

2.6.2 slum case study mumbai sparc

  • 1. REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR URBAN UPGRADATION THE CASE OF MUMBAI by Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centers (SPARC), India September 2003 by Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centers (SPARC), India September 2003
  • 2. Specifically look at: –The crisis of slums in Mumbai –The attempts by government to improve the situation of the poor –The case of SPARC, an NGO, and Rajiv Indira-Suryodaya, a housing society of slum dwellers, who are working to redevelop a slum – How a central government legislation checks these efforts – What changes need to occur to make slum redevelopment efforts successful Agenda for this Presentation September 2003 Aim: Present regulations for slum redevelopment in Mumbai Illustrate the case of SPARC and a housing society of slum dwellers
  • 3. Slums in Mumbai In Mumbai 6.6 million people live in slums. Although 55% of the city lives in slums, they occupy only about 20% of city land. These slums are located throughout the city on: -- private land -- state government lands -- municipal lands -- central government lands There are about 4000 slum pockets in Mumbai. They exist on any open unprotected land such as pavements, railway tracks, airports, open drains and dumping grounds. All slums have inadequate housing, water and sanitation and are overcrowded. September 2003
  • 4. In Mumbai, more than 70,000 families live in slums along the airport September 2003
  • 5. In Mumbai, thousands of families live in slums along the railway tracks September 2003
  • 6. In Mumbai, thousands of families live in slums along pavements September 2003
  • 7. Government Efforts to improve living conditions The government has made several attempts to change this situation. Slum eradication and relocation Slum improvement Slum upgradation Slum redevelopment and rehabilitation But there was little change in living conditions and slums continued to grow September 2003
  • 8. In 1995, the state government initiated the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme. This is widely considered the most progressive effort so far All those living in slum structures prior to 1.1.95 are eligible for SRS They can get a 225 sq. feet house free of cost The funding for this scheme is extremely innovative Slum Rehabilitation Scheme
  • 9. Innovative Funding for Slum Upgradation Incentive Built Up Area For every 10 square meters of free rehabilitation tenements constructed, developers are allowed to construct a certain amount of for-sale tenements In the island city, the ratio is 1:0.75 In suburbs and extended suburbs the ratio is 1:1 In particularly difficult areas, such as Dharavi where this case study is based, the ratio is 1:1.33 September 2003 Premise: Real estate prices are high and land is a scarce resource
  • 10. Transferable Development Rights Development Control Regulations restrict the built up area on a particular plot of land. This is called Floor Space Index (FSI) Since SRS provides incentive built up area, the total amount of FSI granted exceeds the amount that can be constructed on one particular plot SRS allows for extra FSI to be sold – as if it were land itself – in the open market in suburbs and extended suburbs of Mumbai. This is called Transferable Development Rights Innovative Funding for Slum Upgradation
  • 11. An example (in Dharavi) Rehabilitation Area : 1500 sq. meters Incentive FSI @ 1:1.33 : 1999 sq. meters for sale Total BUA granted : 3499 sq. meters Permissible BUA: 2500 sq. meters Extra BUA as TDR: 999 sq. meters Innovative Funding for Slum Upgradation
  • 12. The case study of Rajiv Indira-Suryodaya 212 slum families belong of Rajiv Indira- Suryodaya Cooperative Housing Society SPARC is developing their land 5 buildings are planned -- 3 for rehabilitation and 2 buildings for sale So far, 1 rehab building with 90 tenements completed and occupied Second building for 64 tenements almost ready Third building for 56 tenements is underway September 2003
  • 13. However there is a problem Central government regulations restrict development along the coast in order to protect the environment This is known as the Coastal Regulations Zone and it overrides the benefits of the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme In fact, more than half of the plot area i.e.1564 sq. meters is affected by CRZ II September 2003
  • 14. Coastal Regulations Zone There are three zones. CRZ I – Area between the high tide and low tide line, where no development is permitted CRZ II – where substantial development has already occurred, but further development is controlled CRZ III –where sporadic development has occurred, and only repairs and reconstruction is allowed September 2003
  • 15. How CRZ affects Mumbai A very large part of Mumbai falls into CRZ area. This means No construction is allowed on the seaward side of existing roads or authorized structures FSI in CRZ II is frozen Design and construction had to be consistent with the surrounding landscape Lands on either side of a creek also fall into CRZ II September 2003
  • 16. How CRZ affects slums in Mumbai Nearly 134 slums or 30,000 households fall within CRZ. All slums are considered unauthorized structures Slums on seaward side cannot access SRS Slums on landward side have restricted FSI September 2003
  • 17. Slums on the seaward side cannot be redeveloped September 2003
  • 18. Slums on the landward side have restricted development September 2003
  • 19. Slums along creeks also fall into CRZ September 2003
  • 20. Dharavi, which is along the Mithi River, falls into CRZ II September 2003
  • 21. In fact, more than 3080 families in Dharavi are affected by CRZ II September 2003
  • 22. SPARC’s construction falls into CRZ II September 2003 EXISTINGROAD C.R.Z. ZONE C.R.Z.LINE C.R.Z. AFFECTED AREA (G+3) SALE BLDG. REHAB. BLDG. (G+5) (G+3) SALE BLDG. REHAB BLDG. SALE BUILDING (G+7) REHAB.BLDG. C.R.Z. FREE AREA REHAB.BLDG. (G+4) FOR GANGA C.H.S. Map of SPARC plot 100 meters Three Rehabilitation Buildings Two for-sale buildings High Tide Line
  • 23. This plot abuts the Mahim Creek and half the land falls into CRZ II Here, FSI is restricted to 1.33 SPARC can only construct 3 story buildings and must sell rest as TDR Selling already built tenements is more lucrative than selling TDR Community loses Rs. 900 per square foot Community totally loses Rs. 17 million How this affects the financial viability of SPARC’s construction September 2003
  • 24. SPARC’s efforts SPARC found that there was a mistake on the CZMP plan On Chief Naval Hydrogapher’s map, the width of creek is only 50 meters But CRZ marked as 100 meters However CRZ Rules say CRZ along creeks should be either 100 meters or the width of the creek, whichever is less. SPARC appealed to state led authority to request correction Authority has agreed and will recommend change to the central government authority to support SPARC is now lobbying its case in Delhi. September 2003
  • 25. CRZ relaxation will greatly benefit SPARC’s project EXISTINGROAD SALEBLDG. SALEBLDG. (G+3) C.R.Z.AFFECTEDAREA (G+3) C.R.Z.ZONE C.R.Z.LINE (G+5) REHAB.BLDG. C.R.Z.FREE AREA (G+4) REHAB.BLDG. REHAB.BLDG. (G+7) FORGANGAC.H.S. SALEBUILDING REHABBLDG. C.R.Z.LINE Total BUA allowed will increase by 1104.90 sq. meters SPARC will make Rs. 10 million more This will be used to support other slum communities undertake SRS September 2003 50 meters 100 meters 3 Rehabilitation High Tide Line 2 For-sale
  • 26. Conclusion This will also greatly benefit other slums 3080 families who live in this 100 meter CRZ belt in Dharavi will be able to access SRS This will set a precedent for getting CRZ relaxations for other slum pockets – both on landward and seaward side September 2003