Raw Sealing And Seed Treatment Presntation

1. K.K.WAGH COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE, NASHIK
Seminar
on
Raw Sealing With Seed Certification
Agency And Seed Treatment
Guided by
Prof. Sonawane S. V.
Presented by
Surwase Pramod D.
Department of Agronomy

2. RAW SEALING WITH SEED CERTIFICATION
• After the proper harvesting of the crop the
seed are to be packed in bag.
• For this step it has to be done in front of
representr of seed certification agency.
• Any inert matter any impurity must be checked
and them in front of seed certification officer
the seed are to be packed in gunny bag with
tag inside the bag.

3. Seed Certification
• It is a legally sanctioned system for quality control
and seed multiplication and production. It involves
field inspection, pre and post control tests and seed
quality tests.

4. Purpose of seed certification
• To maintain and make available to the farmers,
through certification, high quality seeds and
propagating materials of notified kind and
varieties. The seeds are so grown as to ensure
genetic identity and genetic purity.

5. Eligibility for certification of crop varieties
• Seeds of only those varieties which are
notified under section 5 of the Seeds Act, 1966
shall be eligible for Certification.
• Breeder seed is exempted from Certification.
Foundation and Certified class seeds come
under Certification.
• Breeder seed is produced by the plant breeder
which is inspected by a monitoring team
consisting of the breeder.

6. Phases of seed certification or Seed certification
procedures
1. Receipt & Scrutiny of application
2. Verification of seed source
3. Field inspection
4. Post harvest supervision of seed crops
5. Seed sampling & testing
6. Labelling, tagging, sealing and grant of
certificate.

7. Functions of the Certification Agency. –
 In addition to the functions entrusted to the
certification agency by the Act, the Agency
shall-
(a) certify seeds of any notified kinds or
varieties;
(b) outline the procedure for submission of
applications and for growing, harvesting,
processing, storage and labellilng of seeds
intended for certification till the end to ensure
that seed lots finally approved for certification
are true to variety .

8. c) maintain a list of recognised breeders of seeds;
(d) verify, upon receipt of an application for certification
that the variety is eligible for certification, that the seed
source used for planting was authenticated and the record
of purchase is in accordance with these rules and the fees
have been paid;
(e) take sample and inspect seed lots produced under the
procedure laid down by the certification agency and have
such samples tested to ensure that the seed conforms to
the prescribed standards of certification;
(f) inspect seed processing plants to see that the
admixtures of other kinds and varieties are not
introduced.

9. (g) ensure that action at all stages, e.g. field inspection, seed
processing plant inspection, analysis of samples taken.
(h) carry out educational programmes designed to promote
the use of certified seed including a publication listing
certified seed growers and sources of certified seed;
(i) grant certificates (including tags labels, seals etc.)
(ii) in accordance with the provisions of the Act and these
rules;
(j) maintain such records as may be necessary to verify that
seed plants for the production of certified seed were eligible
for such planting under these rules;

10. (j) maintain such records as may be necessary to verify that
seed plants for the production of certified seed were eligible
for such planting under these rules;
(k) inspect fields to ensure that the minimum standards for
isolation, rouging (where applicable) use of male sterility
(where applicable) and similar factors are maintained at all
times, as well as ensure that seed borne diseases are not
present in the field to a greater extent than those provided
in the standards for certification.

11. Processing of Seed
Raw seed
Pre-cleaner Large impurities
Seed cleaner
Small impurities like
chaff and dust
Indented
cylinder
Specific Gravity
Separator
Broken grain
Packaging & storage of graded seeds

13. Seed Treatment
• Seed treatment refers to the application of fungicide,
insecticide, or a combination of both, to seeds so as to
disinfect and disinfest them seed-borne or soil-borne
pathogenic organism and storage insects.
• It also refers to the subjecting of seeds to solar energy
exposure, immersion in conditioned water, etc. The seed
treatment is done to achieve the following benefits.

14. Benefits of Seed Treatment:
• 1. Prevention of Spread of Plant Diseases:
• The disease from treatment standpoint may be
conveniently grouped under three types-
a) Systemic Disease:
 That infect the seed during the harvest or storage
period resulting in infection of seed , E. g Bunt or
stinking smut of wheat, Helminthosporium blight of
barley, loose and covered smut of oats; head and
kernel smuts of rye , smuts of millet .
Appropriate seed treatment is significantly effective in
controlling these diseases.

15. b) Systemic Diseases:
That infect seed during the flowering stage to become
established within the seed and from there within the
resulting plant.
Such diseases include loose smuts of wheat. Treatment with
systemic fungicides.
c) Non-systemic Disease:
Diseases that infect seed during the harvest or storage
period.
 Such diseases includes Helminthosporium blight, blotches
or blight of barley, oats, rice , rye , sorghum, wheat and
Fusarium.

16. 2. Seed Treatement:
 Protects seed from seed rot and seedling blights.
 Seed treatment, by its protective coating around the seed,
acts as a barrier once the seed is planted to ward off attack by
both seed-borne and soil-borne organisms.
These organisms affect, all crop seeds and the degree of
attack depends upon a number of factors of particular
importance are the organisms.
 They may rot the seed before germination gets well
started, or they may kill the seedling before it emerges.

17. The fungicide treatment compensates by protecting these
cracks and abrasions from entrance of fungi.
3. Improves Germination:
Seed treatment often improves the standard of germination
through the control of seed surface flora,
 though normally not considered pathogenic; this may
infect the seed following moist harvesting and storage
conditions.
 In the germination test it may smother the seed before it
has a chance to germinate

18. 4. Provides Protection from Storage Insects:
The protection of seed from insect damage during storage is
of increasing importance with the trend towards processing,
treating and unit packaging of seeds at harvest time.
 For complete protection it is necessary to treat seed with
insecticide also.
Insecticides are more needed in warm storage than cool
storage.
5. Controlling Soil Insects:
This can be done through combination treatment –
the process of addition of an insecticide with fungicide for the
added protection of the seed and seedling against certain soil
insects.

19. Types of Seed Treatment
1. Seed Disinfection:
Seed disinfection refers to the eradication of fungal spores
that have become established within the seed coat, or in
more deep- seated tissues.
 For effective control, the fungicidal treatment must actually
penetrate the seed in order to kill the fungus that is present.

20. 2. Seed Disinfestations:
Seed disinfestations refer to the destruction of surface
borne organisms that have contaminated the seed surface
but not infected the seed surface.
 Chemical dips, soaks, fungicides applied as dust, slurry or
liquid have been found successful.
3. Seed Protection:
The purpose of seed protection is to protect the seed and
young seedling from organisms in the soil which might
otherwise cause decay of the seed before germination.

21. Precaution in Seed Treatment
Most products used in the treatment of seeds are harmful
to humans, but they can also be harmful to seeds.
Extreme care is required to ensure that treated seed is
never used as human or animal food.
To minimise this possibility, treated seed should be clearly
labelled as being dangerous, if consumed.
Care must also be taken to treat seed at the correct dosage
rate,

22. If the seeds are to be treated with bacterial cultures also,
the order in which seed treatments should be done shall be
as follows :
1)Fungicide
2)Bacterial Cultures.
applying too much or too little material can be as damaging
as never treating at all.
Seed with a very high moisture content is very susceptible
to injury when treated with some of the concentrated liquid
products.