On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
The progressive era
1.
2. 1. Do you feel that minorities and women have
come a long way since Progressivism in
terms of equal rights? Why or why not?
(Choose to discuss either minority groups
or women)
2. Do you think the government should get
involved in business under certain
circumstances? Why or why not ,and under
what circumstances should government get
involved?
3. What are some modern-day problems that
“muckrakers” could investigate?
4.
5. Reform= A change in law or
institution
Efficiency= making things
quicker, and easier
Progressive=moving forward,
advancing
6. Occurred in the United States
Period of social activism and
political reform
1890s to the 1920s
7.
8. label for a wide range of economic, political,
social, and moral reforms
Included efforts to
outlaw the sale of alcohol
regulate child labor and sweatshops
scientifically manage natural resources
insure pure and healthy water and milk
Americanize immigrants or restrict immigration
altogether
& bust or regulate trusts
9. 1. Protecting social welfare- rights for women and
children, social services
2. Promoting moral improvement- no drinking,
prostitution
3. Creating economic reform- controlling trusts and
big business (Rockefeller’s oil)
4. Fostering efficiency- workplace safety, more rights
for workers
10. Spoke out against evils of society, and harsh
conditions of industrialization
Many were women (Florence Kelly, Jane
Addams, Mary Harris Jones)
Wanted improvements in quality of life for
Middle class and the poor
What other types of people would speak out
during this time? Why?
11. Machines, unskilled
workers
Specialization
(repetitive tasks) to
bring down costs,
increase production
Caused boredom and
injuries
Ford and moving
assembly line- workers
seen as
“interchangeable” parts
12. Higher worker turnover
Increased productivity
Led to reduced hours of the workday (to
prevent strikes and keep workers happy)
Increased efficiency
16. •Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire
other reform groups
•Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate
for women, children
— helps pass law prohibiting
child labor, limiting
women’s hours
17. Many Progressives supported
prohibition
◦ in order to destroy the political power of
local bosses based in saloons.
Prohibition was a national ban on the
sale, manufacture, and transportation
of alcohol (18th Amendment)
Primary goal- To eliminate the
Use of alcohol in society
18. Do you think the Prohibitionists will be
effective in their campaign against alcohol?
Why or why not? How could they change their
plan to be more effective in gaining support?
19. •Some feel poor should uplift selves by
improving own behavior
•Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks
•Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
starts prohibition crusade (speaking out
against drinking)
22. Purification of government
Progressives tried to eliminate
corruption
by exposing and weakening
political machines and bosses
23. •Muckrakers—journalists who expose
corruption in politics, business
Reforming Local Government
• Reformers try to make government efficient,
responsive to voters
• Many use council-manager: people elect council that
appoints manager
24.
25.
26. Was promoted to bring a "purer" female vote
into the arena
The 19th Amendment
27.
28. Identifying old ways that needed
modernizing, & stressing scientific, medical
and engineering solutions.
The Progressives strongly supported
scientific methods as applied;
◦ to economics, government, industry,
finance, medicine, schooling, theology,
education, and even the family.
29. Scientific management—time and
motion studies applied to workplace
Assembly lines speed up production,
make people work like machines
— cause high worker
turnover
30. Decline in Working Conditions
• Machines, unskilled
workers
• Specialization (repetitive
tasks) to bring down
costs, increase production
• Caused boredom and
injuries
• Ford and moving
assembly line- workers
seen as “interchangeable”
parts
31. Child workers get lower wages, small hands
handle small parts better
— families need children’s
wages
•National Child Labor Committee gathers
evidence of harsh conditions
•Labor unions argue children’s wages- lower all
wages
• Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours
32. Minimum wage laws + restricting child labor
Shorter work day (10 hours)
Workmen’s Compensation laws required
employers to carry insurance on their workers
(if you were hurt on the job)
33. local government, education, medicine,
finance, insurance, industry, railroads,
churches, etc.
Progressives transformed,
professionalized and made "scientific"
the social sciences, especially history,
economics, and political science.
34. BEFORE progressive reforms- victorious
candidates used the spoils system (giving
government jobs to people who helped you
get elected)
Many saw this as corrupt and unfair
Political leaders weren’t always qualified,
used their position for personal gain
35. Party bosses controlled strong
political machines
Favors were done for people in
return for their votes
Bribes were regularly accepted
36.
37. Primary election- voters choose who they want
to run in the upcoming regular election
Australian ballot- secret ballot (voter’s choices
are anonymous, preventing people from being
influenced)
Recall- allowed voters to remove elected
officials from office
Initiative- bill originated by people rather than
lawmakers
Seventeenth Amendment- direct election of
senators by the voters- ordinary citizens
gained the most
38. How do all these reforms give
more power to the people?
Why is this important in a
democracy?
43. Changing Patterns of Living
•Only middle-, upper-class women can devote selves to
home, family
•Poor women usually have to work for wages outside home
Farm Women
• On Southern, Midwestern farms, women’s roles same as
before
• Perform household tasks, raise livestock, help with crops
• Why do you think this was??
45. • Many female industrial workers seek to
reform working conditions
• Women form cultural clubs, sometimes
become reform groups
• Many women active in public life have
attended new women’s colleges
• 50% college-educated women never
marry; many work on social reforms
47. • Women reformers target workplace, housing,
education, food, drug
• National Association of Colored Women
(NACW)—child care, education
• Susan B. Anthony of National American Woman
Suffrage Assoc. (NAWSA)
— works for woman suffrage, or
right to vote
48. Advocated (supported) a constitutional
amendment
Convinced state legislatures to grant women
the right to vote
Tested the 14th Amendment in court
Which do you think is the best strategy?
Why?
49. President Wilson was distracted by WWI and
other issues at home
Alice Paul’s aggressive strategy caused a split
in the Women’s Suffrage movement (picket
lines and hunger strike)
Finally achieved success in 1919 with 19th
Amendment granting women the right to vote
(72 years after Susan B. Anthony’s speech!)
72. Based on the images and cartoons, write 1-2
paragraphs to explain the goals, challenges,
and progress made by the women’s
movement. You may use the following
suggestions as sentence-starters.
◦ The main goal of the women’s movement was to…
◦ One way they accomplished this goal was…
◦ Some setbacks or challenges they faced were…
◦ Next, women…
◦ Today, women have/have not achieved these goals…
◦ For example…
◦ In conclusion…
73. The Modern Presidency
• President McKinley shot; Roosevelt becomes
president at 42
• His leadership, publicity campaigns help create
modern presidency
• Supports federal government role when states do
not solve problems
— Square Deal—Roosevelt’s
progressive reforms
74. Set a precedent (example) by intervening in a
1902 coal strike
Helped workers win shorter work day
When a strike threatened public welfare,
federal government could intervene from now
on
75. Coal workers in PA also risked their homes when they
went on strike since employers provided housing
78. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
1st true Progressive President
Problem Areas:
Strikes, Trusts, Meat Processing, the
environment
79. Major Events While in Office:
• Panama Canal Rights Acquired (1904)
• Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904-1905)
• Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
• Won Nobel Peace Prize (1906)
• Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
• San Francisco Earthquake (1906)
• Panic of 1907
80. Facts about T.R.
• Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president,
assuming the office at the age of 42 after President
McKinley was assassinated.
• On October 11, 1910, Roosevelt took a four minute flight
in a plane built by the Wright brothers, making him the
first president to fly in an airplane.
• Roosevelt was blind in his left eye, the result of a boxing
injury he sustained while in office.
• President Roosevelt was the first president to be
commonly known by his initials.
• In 1906, Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
for his role of negotiator in the Russo-Japanese War. He
was the first American to win the Nobel Prize.
81.
82. Trust busting
•By 1900, trusts control about 4/5 of U.S.
industries
•Roosevelt wants to curb trusts that hurt
public interest
— breaks up some trusts under
Sherman Antitrust Act
- Believed only some trusts were harmful to
public (not all)
83.
84.
85. Regulating Foods and Drugs
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle—unsanitary
conditions in meatpacking
•Roosevelt commission investigates, backs up
Sinclair’s account
•Roosevelt pushes for Meat Inspection Act:
— dictates sanitary
requirements
— creates federal meat
inspection
- Government benefited the least (had to pay
for inspections)
86. Pure Food and Drug Act
• Food, drug advertisements make false claims; medicines
often unsafe
• Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of contaminated food,
medicine
— requires truth in labeling
89. Problem Areas Examples Solutions
Strikes 1902, PA coal miners
No compromises between
strikers & owners
Compromise
Invited both sides to the
W.H. Arbitration
Trusts
Meat
Processing
The
Environment
90. Problem Areas Examples Solutions
Strikes 1902, PA coal miners
No compromises between
strikers & owners
Compromise
Invited both sides to the
W.H. Arbitration
Trusts Controlled 80% of US
business monopolies
“Trust-Buster”
Passed laws against
trusts
Meat
Processing
The
Environment
91. Problem Areas Examples Solutions
Strikes 1902, PA coal miners
No compromises between
strikers & owners
Compromise
Invited both sides to the
W.H. Arbitration
Trusts Controlled 80% of US
business monopolies
“Trust-Buster”
Passed laws against
trusts
Meat
Processing
Unclean factories
“The Jungle”
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food & Drug Act
The
Environment
92. Problem Areas Examples Solutions
Strikes 1902, PA coal miners
No compromises between
strikers & owners
Compromise
Invited both sides to the
W.H. Arbitration
Trusts Controlled 80% of US
business monopolies
“Trust-Buster”
Passed laws against
trusts
Meat
Processing
Unclean factories
“The Jungle”
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food & Drug Act
The
Environment
America’s natural resources
overused & polluted
Conservation
148 million acres land
(saved)
National Park System
93. As I read Theodore
• List at least 5-10 adjectives on the loose-
leaf that would describe him
• List any 2 problems he had to overcome
• List any 2 key events in his life that may
have influenced him later
• List any 2 major deeds/accomplishments
94. After reading
• Read the fact sheet on him. Choose ONE of the following
writing activities to complete/turn it at the end of the period:
• 20 minutes- 20 points
• Writing options:
1. Write a BIOPoem on T.R. based on the directions. Write
NEATLY on loose-leaf. BE CREATIVE!
2. Answer the following prompt in two paragraphs:
What were major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt’s
Presidency, and what do you think had the most lasting impact
today, and why?
1st paragraph Describe any three of his major
accomplishments
2nd paragraph Which one of his accomplishments had
the most lasting impact today and why.
95.
96.
97.
98. Conservation and Natural Resources
• 1887, U.S. Forest Bureau established, manages 45
million acres
• Private interests exploit natural environment
• Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries,
national parks
• Believes conservation part preservation, part
development for public
100. TR conserves national parks
• http://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/photosmultimedia/upload/trn
p_conservation_podcast.swf
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJpDat6bKLk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCxf9eYWiaM
101. TR wins Nobel Prize
• http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/the-roosevelts/watch-videos/
102. TR’s successes and failures
• Greater federal regulation in food/packaging
industry (Pure Food and Drug Act)
• Regulating big businesses and trusts
• Conserving natural resources and national parks
• Criticized for NOT doing enough for Civil
Rights/African Americans
• Why do you think this was??
103. Quick-Write #8
• Which one of TR’s many accomplishments
as President do you think is the most
important/long-lasting, and why?
104. Muckrakers
• Reformers who wanted to “clean up” corrupt aspects of
government, society, businesses
• Attacked the abuses of:
• Monopolies and Trusts
• Corruption of big city political machines
• Child labor in factories and mines
• Ida Tarbell- History of the Standard Oil Company
(exposed ruthless methods of how Standard Oil became a
monopoly)
• Some Americans resisted reforms because they disliked
government control over their lives
105. Quick-Write #10
•Do you agree with the muckrakers that
the government should interfere with
our lives in the areas of child labor,
business practices, and food safety,
why or why not?
107. Progressive Presidents
• Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Woodrow Wilson
• Roosevelt’s new progressive party was called the “Bull
Moose” Party (he said he was “as strong as a bull
moose”)
• Split in the Republican party led to election of Woodrow
Wilson in 1912
• Wilson’s “New Freedom” changed more laws including
passing a graduated income tax (larger incomes were
taxed at higher rates)
