Ch. 23 + 24 India

1. Agenda 3/30/16
1.India map activity
2.Label page numbers in packet
starting with page 1 as the
vocab. Page and pg. 23 on the
back cover.
3. “ Physical Geography Activity,”
“Pakistan”
4.Video clips

2. INDIA MAP ACTIVITY
1. Label/color map of India. Use textbook pgs. 600- 603 OR atlases
pg. 122
2. Label the country of Afghanistan
3. Label the following capital cities with a *- New Delhi and
Islamabad
4. Color the map as follows:
- Color each country a different color
- Color/outline any rivers blue
- Color/shade any high elevation brown
3. Make a map key and label as follows: pgs. 602- 603 textbook
- Highest population (500 and over)- shade color
- Label Co for coal
- Label G for gold
4. Map quiz Friday!

3. INDIA

5. THAR DESERT

6. •Forms a natural
border between
India and Pakistan.
•The 18th largest
desert in the world
•Most densely
populated desert in
the world.
•Lack of water
supply leads to
nomadic life

7. GANGES RIVER

8. • Flows through northern India
& Bangladesh and empties into
the Bay of Bengal
•Ganges Basin: Most heavily
populated river basin in the
world (400 million people)
•Lifeline to millions of Indians
•Among the 5 most polluted
rivers in the world
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZQyygZIEtY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wb_yDBmRgmU

9. Sacred River
•Most sacred river to Hindus- have festivals on river
•Earthly home to Hindu goddess Ganga
•Referred to as Gangamai “Mother Ganges”
•Believe river has healing powers
•Many temples and shrines built along the river
•People gather daily at Varanasi (town along the
river) for purification and prayer
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yijw7Qe0HKQ

10. Population
•More than 1.2 billion
live in India.
•India is the most
populated democratic
country in the world.
•Most Indians live in
the north or along the
coasts.

11. Language
•Several hundred
languages are
spoken in India.
•India’s two official
languages are Hindi
and English.
•Hindi is spoken by
about 30% of the
population.

12. Religion
•India is the
birthplace of
four religions:
•Hinduism
•Buddhism
•Jainism
•Sikhism

13. Caste System
The caste system is a
strict separation of
people based on
occupation.
Although illegal for
over 50 years, the caste
system still influences
India.

14. High Caste vs. Low Caste
•High caste=a lot of
privileges
•Low caste=limited
opportunities
•The caste system is
slowly changing

15. Determining Factor
•Your caste
determines:
•Who you marry
•The kind of house
you live in
•What type of job
you will have

16. CASTE VIDEO CLIPS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oh_xvKLhZHg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyCQDIwHlXY

17. •DoNOT HAVE TO COMPLETE:
•Pg. 5, 6, 7
•Pgs. 14, 15, 16
•Pgs. 17, 18, 19, 21, 23
Due next Fri. 4/15

18. CLASS WORK 4/5/16
1. Use textbook pgs. 626- 632
to complete pg. 20
“History and
Governments” Ch. 23
Section 1
2. Video clips
3. Hinduism/Buddhism article

19. Hinduism & Buddhism reading
•When done pg. 20, answer all
questions on pg. 3 and 5 – can
write directly on the paper.

20. Quick-Write
• Write a paragraph detailing the problems that
might be caused by the Hindu caste system.
• Think about:
– Being born into a caste
– Being able to move into a different caste only
through reincarnation

21. INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
2500-1500 BCE, largest of the world’s earliest
civilizations, 1,000 miles inland from Arabian Sea

22. PLANNED CITIES: Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro
Carefully laid out, checkerboard roads, walls,
warehouses for food, elaborate bathing facilities

24. ARRIVAL OF THE ARYANS
Came to Indus River Valley through the Hindu Kush
Mountains
Aryan migration into India took hundreds of years:
successors came due to iron weapons and chariots

25. ARYAN CULTURE
Vedas- oral religious tradition: get most information
about Aryan culture: includes hymns, prayers, and
rituals
Written between: 1500 BCE and 1000 BCE

26. Vedas
• Vedas showed that Aryans were
organized into varnas, social groups
• Over time a caste system arose
• Caste= social group that someone is
born into; cannot change
• Called jati in South Asia
• Thousands of jati still exist
• Constitution does not recognize the
caste system

27. SOCIAL CLASSES
Four social classes called Varna which became the
caste system

29. Aryan civilization
• Smaller kingdoms emerged to Mauryan
empire
• Leader Asoka helped spread Buddhism
• Gupta empire then ruled India
• Muslims then conquered and formed Mughal
empire- lasted until the 1700s; then under
British rule

30. Religions of South Asia

31. Buddhismin the Subcontinent

32. Ancient indiAn Religions:
Hinduism oVeRVieW
•3rd
largest religion in the world
•Began in Indus Valley
•Reflect beliefs of ancient Aryans and other
civilizations- many different deities (gods)
•All gods part of one spirit (Brahman)- goal
is to reach this after cycle of rebirths
•Belief in reincarnation (rebirth), and
karma (consequences of our lives) will
determine the spot in our cycle of rebirth

33. Hinduism
SHIVA

34. Hinduism
• Began about 4,000
years ago in India
• Religion of the
Aryans
Hinduism is a way of life that shapes and
unifies much of Indian culture.

35. Hinduism: Development
Hindu, from the Persian “Hind”:
geographical area where original
civilization of India began (Indus River
Valley)
Beliefs change based on local/regional
traditions
•Over a million gods exist as a result

36. • The sacred texts – books about
Hindu beliefs are recorded in
the Vedas and the Upanishads
contain eternal truths that were
revealed to wise men.

37. The Three Main
Gods
• Brahma is the creator,
Vishnu is the preserver,
and Siva or Shiva is the
destroyer.

38. Brahman
• Brahman: the
single supreme
force; an
infinite reality;
divine ground
beyond this
universe
• Very few
Hindus can truly
understand
Brahma
It could remind you of Christian heaven.

39. Moksha
• Suffering: pursue
false goals such as
material riches and
personal pleasure
The true goal of life
is moksha: freeing
of the soul from the
body so that the
soul can unite with
Brahma.

40. Reincarnation
• Moksha – cannot be achieved in one lifetime so
undergo reincarnation: rebirth of the soul in
various forms.

41. Samsara:
Reincarnation
• After the body dies – the
soul may be reborn as
anything from a flower to
a snake – however, each
form is only temporary.
You only need to die to
change your current
position (or form).

42. • Dharma: the ultimate moral balance of all things.
Each person is responsible for balancing his or her
dharma.
• Karma: Will experience the effects of his or her
actions if balance is disturbed

43. Karma • A person’s
current situation
is a result of his
or her deeds in a
past existence.
• The better the
deeds – the
higher the caste
or place in
society.

44. Quick-Write
• Write a paragraph detailing the problems that
might be caused by the Hindu caste system.
• Think about:
– Being born into a caste
– Being able to move into a different caste only
through reincarnation

45. MANDIR
• Hindu temple: place of worship
• Dedicated to one or many Hindu deities
• Japa - Individual silent or soft repetition of
mantras

46. Delhi: Largest Hindu Temple Complex

47. London

48. Krishna Temple, Utah

49. PUJAS (Prayers, Songs, Rituals)
• Create shrines in temples, in the home, and in
outdoor public spaces.
• Priests perform puja at sunrise, noon, sunset,
and midnight.
• Visiting a temple every day or even regularly is
not mandatory so many worship at home.

50. FAMILY SHRINE
• A photograph of god/gods, flowers, fruits, incense,
perfume, a bell, an oil lamp, scripture

51. HOLIDAYS: DIWALI (A Row of Lights)
• Hindu New Year (October or November)
• Decorate streets and doorways with small clay
lamps in anticipation of the coming of Lakshmi
(prosperity and good fortune)
• Lasts for five days
• Clean homes, decorate floors with floor
paintings made of rice flour
• Wears finest clothes & offers gifts to
neighbors

53. CHAITRA (HOLI)
• Spring festival (March or April) celebrating
coming of Krishna
• Bonfires lit in the evening to empower the sun as
it moves to longer and warmer spring hours
• Sing and dance all night and extinguish fire with
water at dawn
• Water colored with dyes are thrown at each
other, eat holiday foods and sweets
• Lasts for 3 days

54. SYMBOLS: AUM
• Means yes or will be
• Said in the beginning of mantras or Hindu
texts and at the end of reading the Vedas

55. SRI YANTRA
• 9 interlocking triangles (4 upward: masculine and 5
downward: feminine) meet at a point representing
the interlocking of the two and representing all
creation

56. THE SWASTIKA
• Good fortune, luck, well-being

57. THE LOTUS
• Represents beauty

58. Buddhism
• 500 BC
• Founded by Siddharta Gautama- was a prince,
then gave up his wealth
• Became known as the Buddha or “Enligtened
One”
• Teachings of giving up material possessions
and reaching nirvana

59. Siddhartha Gautama (563-483
BCE) Born in NE IndiaBorn in NE India
(Nepal).(Nepal).
 Raised in great luxuryRaised in great luxury
to be a king.to be a king.
 At 29 he rejectedAt 29 he rejected
his luxurious life tohis luxurious life to
seek enlightenmentseek enlightenment
and the source ofand the source of
suffering.suffering.
 Lived a strict,Lived a strict,
asceticascetic life for 6 yrs.life for 6 yrs.
 Rejecting this extreme, sat inRejecting this extreme, sat in
meditation, and foundmeditation, and found nirvananirvana..
 Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.

60. What is the fundamental
cause of all suffering?
Desire!
 Therefore, extinguish the self,Therefore, extinguish the self,
don’t obsess about oneself.don’t obsess about oneself.

61. Buddha’s teachings
- Suffering is caused by wanting
material goods and being too attached
to material goods
- Only way to relieve suffering is to give
up material goods
- Follow the Eightfold Path

62. FourNoble Truths
4.4. To reachTo reach nirvananirvana, one, one
must follow the Eightfoldmust follow the Eightfold
Path.Path.

63. Eightfold Path
Nirvana
 The union with the ultimateThe union with the ultimate
spiritual reality.spiritual reality.
 Escape from the cycle ofEscape from the cycle of
rebirth.rebirth.

64. Buddha – 19c
Thailand

65. Buddha’
s head :
2c
Pakistan

66. Mandala: Wheel of Life
Motif

67. Mandala: Wheel of Life
Motif

68. The
Dalai
Lama

69. Distribution of Buddhism
Centers in the US, 2001

70. 10th
Annual western buddhist
monastic conference
California, 2004California, 2004

71. Relieve Stress &
Meditate:
Get a Mantra!
Ohm...mani...padme...hunOhm...mani...padme...hun
g...g...Hail to the jewel in the lotus!Hail to the jewel in the lotus!

72. INDIA UNDER
BRITISH RULE

73. MUGHAL EMPIRE
Founded by Babur (1526)
Lasted for more than 300 years
Akbar the Great: Religious toleration (Muslims and Hindus)

74.  Shah Jahan: Monument to his 3rd
wife
 Both are buried there

75. EUROPEAN TRADERS
 Portuguese built a trading empire in Asia (Vasco da Gama)
 Catholic missionaries sailed with Portuguese merchants and
converted many Indians to Christianity.
 In 1600, Dutch broke in and England set up the East India
Company
 The English built trading posts and traded gold and silver for
Indian goods such as cotton, textiles, silk, and tea

76. A STRUGGLE FOR
POWER
 At first, the Mughal Empire looked down on the
Europeans and had power to set the terms of trade.
 Later (Early 1700s), Mughal Empire began to decline
(wasteful spending, ended toleration policy, civil wars)
 Rival princes set up small independent kingdoms
 Britain and France began to compete with each other
for political and economic power.
 They allied with local Indian rulers against the
Mughal Empire
 British forces had overcome the French.

77. EAST INDIA
COMPANY RULE
 Robert Clive- British officer and administrator of the
East India Company
 Led British forces against the French and drove the
French out.
 Won control of Bengal section of India (Bangladesh)
 He appointed local rulers who favored the East India
Company

78. EAST INDIA
COMPANY RULE
 Traditional rivalries kept Indian rulers from uniting
against the British.
 The British encouraged disunity
 Earned the right to collect taxes, set up a law code, set up
a court system

79. BRITISH RULE
 Indians had many grievances against British rule.
 British outlawed Hindu ritual suicide by widows
 British imposed high taxes
 Christian missionaries tried to convert Hindus

80. SEPOY REBELLION
 Sepoys: Indian troops who served in the British army
 Sepoys heard rumors that cartridges for their rifles were
greased with beef or pork fat
 Fight for Britain in foreign lands (afraid would lose
caste)
 Sepoy Rebellion: 1857 near Delhi
 Sepoys killed some British soldiers.
 British brutally put down the uprising
 Led to lasting distrust between British and Indians

81. Positive and Negative outcomes
(See pg. 630)
Negative Outcomes
 British textiles destroyed
local textile industry; Indians
had to buy expensive British
products
 High taxes
 Had to raise cash crops (tea,
cotton, etc.) instead of food
to pay for goods which led to
a food shortage and famines
 Only minor advances in
health care
Positive outcomes
 Well-run government
 Founded schools to
educate higher-caste
Indians
 Improved education led to
Indian resentment of
British and increased
nationalism
 Improved transportation
and communication;
increased trade

82. MOHANDAS GANDHI
 Came from a middle class Hindu family
 Became a lawyer in Britain. Practiced law in South Africa
where he developed ideas about nonviolent resistance
 Practiced civil disobedience: The refusal to obey unjust laws
 Gave up western ways and encouraged traditional Indian
industries like spinning cotton
 Fasted
 Preached better treatment of all people regardless of caste

83.  Urged protests by civil disobedience (refusal to obey
unjust laws with peaceful protests)

84. MOHANDAS GANDHI
 Civil disobedience: supported strikes and protests, stop
buying British-made goods
 The Salt March (1930): Protested the tax on salt
 Led followers on a 200 mile march and made salt from
sea water
 British arrested Gandhi and about 50,000 other Indians

86. MOVING TOWARD
INDEPENDENCE
 When WWII began, the INC (Indian National
Congress) refused to fight in support of Britain unless
they were promised immediate independence
 The British refused
 “Quit India” movement and followed a policy of non-
cooperation
 Britain arrested more than 20,000 Congress members but
was weakened by WWII

87. HINDU-MUSLIM
CONFLICT
 British encouraged conflict between the INC and the
Muslim League
 Muslims wanted a separate Muslim nation to protect
their rights.

88. THE SUBCONTINENT
DIVIDED
 1946: widespread rioting between Hindus and Muslims
 1947: British parliament passed the Indian Independence
Act
 Ended British rule and provided for partition (division)
of India into two nations
 Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan
 Fighting between the two nations continued.

89. Tensions today
 East Pakistan became Bangladesh
 Both Muslims in Pakistan and Indians claim land of
Kashmir in Himalaya Mountains
 Fights over this border still today

90. Yes, you have a test today!
 Can not use notes/packet
1. After the multiple choice, hand in scan-
tron in bin and test outside bin.
2. Take a Short Answer test and hand in.
3. Complete following packet pages by Fri.
4/15
1. Pgs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13; 22