SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 38
A Report on
              Education in India
                           Status and Opportunities
Contents:
Status of Education in INDIA
 •   Play School and Pre School Education
 •   Elementary Education
 •   Secondary Education
 •   Higher Education
 •   Vocational Education
Opportunities and Role for Private Players
 •   Opportunities for Service Providers
 •   Public Private Partnership (PPP)
 •   Support Services in Education Sector
 •   Indian Education Sector: A Snapshot
Status of Education in INDIA
Play School and Pre School Education

Present Status
                                                                                 1
 • Lack of any regulatory mechanism for Play School – Pre School Segment
                              2
 • Population under the age group of 2-6 years is 10-11 Cr ( 9 -10 %)
 • Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) in pre-school segment is as low as 18% @

Current Trends
 • Rising awareness about the significance of early education for child development
   and maintaining high enrolment and retention rates in primary education
 • Majority of the Play School and Pre School market is concentrated in Urban Areas


Market Size and Players
 • Organised pre school market is dominated by private players a few of them are
   Kidzee, Eurokids, Treehouse
 • The current urban market size is estimated to be Rs 6000 Cr




                                @ at government pre schools`   Source : Fortress Team Research
Elementary Education (Std I-VIII)
 Present Status
The Positives ……
• Participation: Rapid improvement in enrollment
                                     2
  rates, at least in primary schools
• Equity: Social disparity which was very high till
  90’s has been reduced significantly.
                              3
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) gets most of the credit
for the improvements in Elementary Education

The Problem Areas ……..
                 4
• Drop out rates : 48 % in elementary Education
  (std I- VIII) mainly because of socio-economic reasons
• Regional disparity: States like Bihar, UP are way behind
  in terms of GER, Drop outs..
                                                     ( Cont..)
The Problem Areas …….
                                ( Cont..)
• Infrastructure:
              5
                5
   o Low PTR and teacher absenteeism
   o 24% Schools in India do not have
     proper school building 6
   o 8 % schools Lack drinking water
     facilities


• Quality of Education:
   o Pratham’s ASER survey: 60% of
     children aged 7 to 12 cannot read
     a simple Para
    (Pratham is a reputed NGO working
    towards education in India)




                                            Source: DISE, MHRD
Overall Performance

           Aspects                 Better Performing States                   Slow Performing States

                                Rajasthan, Delhi , Maharashtra,               Bihar, Punjab, Haryana,
Gross enrolment ratio (GER)
                                         Uttarakhand                                  Nagaland
                                                                              Assam, Bihar, Mizoram,
Drop out rates                  Kerala , Goa, Haryana, Himachal,
                                                                                   Meghalaya

Teacher appointments            Andhra Pradesh, J&K, Orissa, UP                     W.Bengal, MP

                                 Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Assam,            Bihar, Maharashtra, Arunachal
Teacher training
                                          Tamil Nadu                                Pradesh
Construction of school
                                     Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan                  W. Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand
buildings
Construction of additional
                                 Gujarat, Karnataka, Assam, AP               Chattisgarh, UP, Manipur
classrooms
% of Expenditure on
Education & Training of total   Assam, Maharashtra, Bihar Delhi          J&K, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh
Budget



                                      Source : Fortress Team Research, DISE, MHRD and Presentation by Mr. Amit Kaushik
                                                UNDP Workshop on MDGs And Human Development Lucknow 2006
Secondary Education (Std IX-XII)

Success of SSA has resulted in a pull effect on Secondary Education System
Secondary Education is an important foundation for vocational / higher education
Hence expansion of Secondary Education is important for the development of any Nation
                                                               8
The problem areas …..                                Financing: While India has pursued the drive
Participation: At the lower secondary level         towards universal elementary education, since
                                                    2000 the share of investment financing for
(grades 9 and 10), the gross enrollment rate (GER)
                                                    secondary education has declined significantly.
is 52 %, while at the senior secondary level (grade
11 and 12) it is just 28 % (2005-06).
Access: Number of secondary Schools are almost
half the number of Upper primary schools available
                  7
in the country
Equity: Most secondary students are
boys, and disproportionately from urban areas
and wealthier segments of the population.
Quality : Assessments of student achievement in
mathematics by at the secondary and senior
secondary level suggest that the quality of
instruction and learning is very low. (Source ASER
report)


                                                                          Source: Fortress Team Research
Current Trends                              Actual and ProjectedActual and Projected Demand Education
                                                                  Demand for Secondary for
                                                                                 Secondary Education

• Enrolment in Government schools has                                  70   Total Demand
  decreased in last decades. There is a                                60   Lower Secondary
  trend in Urban as well as rural areas to




                                                Millions of Students
                                                                       50   Senior Secondary
  opt for private education                                                                                              LS
                                                                       40
• Sharp increase is expected in the                                    30
                                                                                                                         SS
                                                                                                                         Co
  demand for secondary education in
                                                                       20
  coming decade. (Actual And Projected
  Demand is shown in Graph)                                            10

                                                                       0




                                                                               0


                                                                               2


                                                                               4


                                                                               6


                                                                               8


                                                                               0


                                                                               2


                                                                               4


                                                                               6


                                                                               8


                                                                               0
                                                                            -0


                                                                            -0


                                                                            -0


                                                                            -0


                                                                            -0


                                                                            -1


                                                                            -1


                                                                            -1


                                                                            -1


                                                                            -1


                                                                            -2
                                                                          99


                                                                          01


                                                                          03


                                                                          05


                                                                          07


                                                                          09


                                                                          11


                                                                          13


                                                                          15


                                                                          17


                                                                          19
                                                                       19


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20


                                                                       20
Market Size and Players
                                              Source: Presentation by Sam Carlson Education consultant (World Bank)

• Share of Private Institutions in Indian School Education is,
  Primary 7%, Upper Primary 21%, Secondary 32%
• Annual private market size for the segment I to XII is estimated at Rs 22-26k Cr
• With growth being expected in private unaided institutions the market should witness
  encouraging growth




                                                                                        Source: Fortress Team Research
What needs to be done…

 Policy Level Initiatives
• Public classroom and school construction, especially in rural areas where private suppliers are
  unlikely to venture;
• Training and hiring of more teachers, and rationalizing their deployment, so that supply better
  matches demand;
• Investments in curriculum revision, progressive pedagogy, technology and examination
  reforms, to make schooling more relevant
• Provide financial and in-kind assistance for poor and disadvantaged students, to offset direct
  and indirect costs of schooling, and overcome household reluctance to send their children
  (especially girls) to school;
• Public information campaigns to change attitudes about the benefits of schooling and delayed
  marriages
   Government Initiatives
• Programs to improve the internal efficiency and quality of Secondary education, so as to
  increase the number and quality of graduates; example programs like SSA
• Promoting ICTs, so that students can take greater control of their learning and skills acquisition
  from sources other than the teacher and textbook.




                                                                                 Source: Fortress Team Research
Higher Education (beyond XII)

Present Status
The positives……
                                                                                  9
•   348 universities, 17625 colleges, >500,000 teachers; 10.5 million students;
•   Third largest number of graduates after US & China.
•   Professional education in English medium
•   Growing rapidly; Covers all major disciplines;
Weakness…..
•   Low enrolment (13% -2006 )
•   Regulatory system 10 over centralized;
                         is
•   Lack of institutional autonomy and accountability still it fails to maintain standards.
•   Unplanned expansion
•   Variable quality; market mismatch;
•   Little knowledge creation– little interaction with economy, society and other academic/ research
    institutions
•   Limited access and regional disparity (80% of technical educational institutions are concentrated in
    4 states of MH, AP, TN, KR)
•   Diminishing and skewed public funding (0.6 % of GDP in 2006)



                                                                             Source: Fortress Team Research
What needs to be done…
 Increasing Access and Reducing Regional Imbalances
 Empowerment and Accountability of Institutions
     Academic, Administrative, Financial, Managerial
 Improving Quality and Effectiveness
     Quality and effectiveness of teaching learning processes
     Faculty development
     Curriculum reforms
 Networking to Enhance Capacity, Improve Quality and Produce Excellence
     Networking of institutions with each other, with R&D labs, industry and service
     sector
    Resource sharing of expertise, facilities
 Mobilization of Additional Financial Resources
    Encourage private funding

Need for making Indian higher education globally competitive not only for seizing
opportunity for global trade in higher education services ($30 billion last year), but to
corner a larger share of fast growing international trade in professional services ($270
billion last year) – higher education feeds into growth of professional services


                                          Source: Research Paper by Shashi Shrivastava, Education Consultant , World Bank
Vocational Education

Conventional Vocational Education
• Vocational education is very important for building skilled workforce to meet growing demand
  of a developing country.
• Percentage of students applying for vocational education in India is less than 20% compared to
  developed countries where it is more than 50 % .
• Gov ITIs and private ICTs offer 1 1 0 courses under conventional vocational education
  including engineering and non engineering courses

                         Role of private players in   Embedding with Formal
        ISSUE                                                                                Up-gradation of courses
                                     ITI                   Education

                                                         State: Option Available
      Action taken         Scheme for up-gradation                                                 No specific action
                                                       Central : scheme in progress

                                                             Low awareness,                      Not updated as per the
      Bottlenecks            Scheme Structuring,
                                                            Non Up-gradation                     industry requirements


                                                      Invite views of private players,            Inputs from industry
      Suggestions             Review of schemes
                                                               Appoint PMC                           professionals




                                                                                         Source: Fortress Team Research
New Trends in Vocational Education & Market Size
 After economic liberalization the contribution of service sector as a percentage of GDP has
  increased from 34 % in early 90’s to 56% in 2008.
 This has triggered the need for trained manpower leading to flourishing of various private
  vocational institutes.
 In the recent times it has expanded into fields like Finance, Retail, Animation, Hospitality, Media,
  Aviation etc.
 The current market size of private vocational training is estimated as Rs 5k-6k Cr

      Comparing Govt. run conventional training and private vocational training
                             Conventional Training             Private Training

   Gov Intervention          Government controlled /run        Lesser/No Gov intervention

   Profit Motive             Not for profit                    For profit
   Penetration               Deep but highly under utilized    Urban Areas, optimum utilization
   Streams Offered           Welding, turning (total 110)      IT, Finance, Retail, Media, Animation
   Up gradation of courses   Less/ no up gradation             Frequent up gradation
   Quality Infrastructure    Basic and inadequate              Advanced and adequate

   Linkage with industry     Lesser tuning with the industry   Designed as per industry requirement
   Job Orientation           Yes, low key jobs                 Yes, medium-top end jobs


                                                                                   Source: Fortress Team Research
Opportunities and Role for Private Players
Opportunities for Service Providers

•   Teachers training Institutes
     India has a shortage of around 10-12 Lac teachers in all forms of education.
     Which means the demand for teachers training and retraining is going to increase
     in coming years
•   Setting up Play schools
     With increasing awareness & no regulatory mechanism in place play schools is
     one of the most lucrative business
•   Setting up Universities & Private Colleges .
     As per the National Knowledge Commission report to raise the GER in Higher
     education to 15 % by 2020 India will need 1500 Universities and cluster of
     colleges affiliated to them.
•   Private Open Universities and Distance education
     Popular among young workers / professionals who want to pursue further
     education. The trend is growing in India
     Case Study : Manipal Universal Learning
                                                                       (Cont…)
Case Study: Manipal Universal Learning
                                                                                           Revenues FY 09
Background
 It is the corporate entity of the Manipal Education Group.           Domestic Operations            International Operations:
 Manipal University is a Deemed university in Karnataka, India since     Rs395 crore                       Rs419 crore

     1993
 Sikkim Manipal University, an open university under the Sikkim Govt.        Distance
                                                                                                           Antigua university:
                                                                               Education: Rs281
                                                                                                              Rs156 crore
Courses Offered                                                                     crore

 Various programmes in the areas of
     medicine, engineering, information sciences, allied health
                                                                                 Meritrac: Rs53              Dubai Campus:
     sciences, biotechnology, dental, etc                                         crore (88%)                 Rs52 crore
 Online MBA programmes.
 Potential for industry-academia collaborations by establishing ICICI-        Corporate Training:
                                                                                                             Nepal Campus:
     Manipal Academy                                                             ICICI Manipal:
                                                                                                              Rs50 crore
                                                                                   Rs35 crore
 Offers distance education courses through 550 Learning Centers

Revenue                                                                        Professional Skills:         Malaysia campus:
                                                                                   Rs7 crore                    38 crore
 Gross revenues of Rs814 Cr . Sponsor-funding $30m from IDFC
    Private Equity and $40m from Capital International. 70% of the
    domestic revenues from services to SMU                                       International
                                                                               Center for applied
                                                                                                            U21: Rs27 crore
 Has acquired a stake in U21 Global (revenues of $4.2m)                        science: Rs12
                                                                                     crore
 Program for engineering through its International Centre for Applied
    Sciences (ICAS)
                                                                               Treasury Income:
                                                                                                           Others: Rs94 crore
                                                                                  Rs8 crore


                                                                         Source: SSKI report, Fortress Team Research
Sikkim Manipal  Manipal Universal: Fund Flow


                                                      •   Defines Eligibility
           Payments                  UGC              •   Defines Curriculum
                                                      •   Approves programmes with appropriate Certification
           Service                                    •   Admits Students
                                                      •   Conducts Exams
                                                      •   Award Degrees


                                    SMU



                                                                    MUL             •   Creates Awareness
         STUDENT
                                                                                    •   Appoints LCs
                                                                                    •   Develops Content
                                                                                    •   Supports admission process
                                                                                    •   Mails course material
                                                                                    •   Supports in hiring faculty
                                                                                    •   Supports student placement
                                     LC


                      •   Provides infrastructure at local level
                      •   Local faculty support for counseling & tutoring
                      •   Supports placements



                                                                      Source: SSKI report, Fortress Team Research
Opportunities for Service Providers
  •    ICT and E- learning in Education
        It is a sunrise Industry in India. Increase in Computer Infrastructure , internet
        users and broadband penetration in last decade means ICT & e learning industry
        is expected to grow in near future.
                                                                                                          Products
          Case Study : Educomp Ltd
                                                                                                        Pre-schools
  Largest provider of technology education products and services for K-12                     Private Schools
   students. Reaches out to over 21,000 schools                                                  Smart Class
  It leverages its strong understanding of the technology and education needs                  ICT Solutions
   of schools(Public & Private) to deliver high quality, cost effective products.              Retail & Counseling 6%

        Business Model                                                      Prof. Development
                                                                            10%
• Smart Class:                                                                                                      Smart
                                                                                                                    Class
 Builds IT infrastructure for private schools and licenses the digital               ICT                            49%
                                                                                     35%
  curriculum content
 Incurs the initial expenditure in return of which it receives revenues for300 Sales (Rs Crore) 276.
  the next 5 years                                                                                                    9
                                                                             200                      112.
• ICT Segment
                                                                                                         2
  Builds IT infrastructure for government schools on BOOT model             100          53.7
  Incurs the upfront expenditure and receives quarterly payment for
                                                                                  0
   services rendered
                                                                                                 FY06      FY07      FY08
                                                                                                     Source: Annual Reports
Opportunities for Service Providers
•   Vocational Training Institutes
      As Discussed there is a huge scope for private Vocational Training Institutes in
      areas like IT, Media, Hospitality, Aviation etc
           Case Study: NIIT Ltd
  Started as an IT training                           Sales (Rs Crore)                         Finance
                                                                                                  3%
   provider, expanded to
   Finance, school (ICT), corporate                                     1006.
                                                                                   Corporate
                                                                          8                                IT
   training etc                                                 795.1                35%
                                                                                                          54%
  Works on a franchise model                      450.7
  Setting up university in the current                                                   Schools
                                                                                            8%
   year
                                                   FY06      FY07       FY08
Courses                School Learning Solutions   Individual Solutions         Corporate solutions
Target Customer        School children             Young adults                 Working professionals
Value Preposition      Academics                   Employability                Productivity
Customer               School                      Individual                   Corporate
Coverage               Multimedia Learning         IT/BFSI/Spoken English,      Learning products
                       Teacher Training            Management education         Training delivery & Admin
Geographical           India                       India + emerging             India + USA + Europe
Coverage                                           economies`

                                                                                               Source: www.niit.com
Opportunities for Service Providers

•   Coaching Classes and Competitive Test Preparation
     Private coaching for curriculum and for competitive exam centre is a booming
     business expected to be worth Rs 8k – 9k Cr
•   Franchise Investor

                         Franchise Model and Role of Franchise Investor


                                          Franchise owner
                    Right to operate
                    business



                         Franchisee                           Franchisee Fee




                     Profit/Loss in the
                                                            Franchisee investor
                         business
Public Private Partnership (PPP) Opportunities in Education
( Innovative public-private partnership models take advantage of existing underutilized capacity in
the public sector and induce a supply response to expand that capacity. Some of the models
could be… )
Contracting out (failing) state schools
 Case Study : Schools run by BMC in Mumbai
 BMC runs 1171 Primary and 49 Secondary Schools in Mumbai Region
 Over the years enrolment is BMC schools is declining (for primary schools 4,85,000 in 20005-06
  to 4,25,000 in 08-09and for secondary schools 55000 in 2005-06 to 43000 in 08-09)
 Decrease in enrolment of BMC schools has resulted in Shutting down of around 17 primary
  schools in last three years.
 The Major reason being lack of facilities and quality in BMC run Schools
 PPP model can be developed whereby the underutilized School Infrastructure can be used in a
  better way                           BMC
            Low Enrollment
          Schools on the verge       There are 1171
               of closure                                       Good
                                    Primary and 49
                                                           Infrastructure    Pays Rent to BMC
                                   Secondary Schools
                                                              Facilities
           High Spending on          run by BMC in
               Salaries &               Mumbai           Leased Out
             Infrastructure
                                    Trends of High            Private
                                     Enrollment in                              High Student Fees
                                                              Schools
                                    Private Schools

                                                                            Source: Fortress Team Research
Public Private Partnership (PPP) Opportunities in Education
Building School Infrastructure in rural areas through PPP


                                            Lack of Secondary Schools in Rural Areas

                                          Private players                 Government
   PPP model can be developed              are reluctant                 does not have
   to increase Primary /                  because of low                  the funds to
   Secondary school                         Return on                       build the
   Infrastructure in Rural Areas           Investments                   infrastructure
   where Private Players are
   reluctant to go because of
   low rate of Return                              Private Player builds the
                                                        infrastructure



                                   Gov. gives tax benefits, Commercial FSI to Private Players
Public Private Partnership (PPP) Opportunities in Education

  Open Schooling
       Why Open Schooling?                                       600                 Boys        Girls
                                                                 400                     282
• Improvement in enrolment at Up
                                                                            134                      191
  primary and Secondary level                                    200
• Drop out rate: 25% (I-V), 49%                                             202          281         201
  (I-VIII), 62% (I-X)                                              0
• Laborers migrate along with                                           TOTAL - I - TOTAL - VI TOTAL - IX-
  families, for their children                                             V          - VIII       X
  attending schools is difficult                   Promotion           Actual Drop outs in India (12 Cr Appox)
             Present Status                           From
                                                 Government as
• NIOS , the central body formed in                alternative
  ‘79                                                schools                             Open
                                                                                       Schooling
• Lower Enrolments (3.4 lac 06-07)         Funding
• Lower passing rates
• No specific funding towards OS
                                    Role of Private
• No major focus at state level as Players, NGOs                          Bridge Schools: Sakhar
  well                              Concept                                   Shala, Bhatti Shala
                                     Development and
                                     Project Management


                                                                                  Source: Fortress Team Research
Scope for support services in Education Sector
Concept to commissioning of Private / Gov educational projects like education cities
and theme schools
                                  Education City
                                  Marketing to
                                 Implementing                                        Marketing to the
         Concept                                          Invite Expression
                                   Authority                                           Players in
       Development                                           of Interest
                               (HUDA, MIDC, C                                          Education
                                    IDCO)


         Planning,
                                 Handling of the
     Allocation of land,                                  Commissioning of               Project
                                   procedures
        Landscaping                                          project                   Management
                                 (Pre/Post Bid)
          Design

Rajiv Gandhi Education City                                Gujarat Vittal Innovation City (Valsad, Gujarat)
(Sonipat, Haryana) Implementing Authority: HUDA            Implementing Authority: GIDC + EMPI Centre
                                                           INNOPOLIS Consortia
HUDA has allocated 700 acres at Sonipat for the            University to be located in the GVIC SEZ
proposed Education City                                     IT companies also invited to set up their campus in
1 institute of international repute (60-180 acres) + 10    GVIC
other institutions (3-25 acre)                              Executives of the company can also participate as
Lease hold/ Free hold land based on area,                  faculty
Payment terms to be decided accordingly                     As located in SEZ, university will be free to modify
                                                           curriculum to meet industry needs

                                                                                          Source: Fortress Team Research
Scope for support services in Education Sector

•   Project development and management consultants for PPP
•   Capacity building
•   Investment Banking
•    Project Management of supporting implementing various government schemes
    (some government schemes are as under)
     Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan                          Model Schools
                    (RMSA)                                            Scheme
                   Targets of RMSA                             Genesis of the Schemes
• Access to quality and affordable education      •   2500 schools to be set up in EBBs under
  available to all in the age group of 14-18          government (state + center) and 2500
• A secondary school at every 5 km and a higher       schools on PPP model
  secondary school at every 7-10 km               •   State government to contribute land at
• Universal access to secondary education (USE)       free of cost
  by 2017 (GER of 100%)                           •   Emphasis on English language
• Universal retention to secondary education by   •   Classes VI-XII or IX-XII
  2020 (0 dropouts)
• Special attention towards economically and
  socially backward sections


                                                                           Source: Fortress Team Research
Case Studies: Support Service Providers in Education Sector
    EdCIL India Limited
 A government of India enterprise offering consultancy services in all areas of education and
  human resource development in India and overseas
 Undertakes education projects on turnkey basis from concept to commissioning
                                        18       16.84
Services for Institutional                                                               EdCIL Sales 07/08
                                        16
development
                                        14
•Feasibility Studies                                        8.35                       14.74
                                        12
•Preparation of Master Plan                  9.52                         9.73
                                        10
•Conceptualization of Schemes            8                      6.84
                                                                                                          4.67
•Engineering Designs                     6
•Bid Preparation                         4                                                        0.56
•Techno Commercial Evaluation                                                                                    2.1
                                         2                                                0.74
•Award of Work                           0
•Implementation and Monitoring
                                               assistance



                                                            Institution




                                                                           Placement




                                                                                                           activities
                                                                                               Secondme
                                                            developm
                                               Technical




                                                                                                            Testing
                                                                            services
•Quality Assurance and Inspection




                                                                ent




                                                                                                   nt
•Construction Management
Technical Support to Govt schemes     •Institutional Planning             •Training Needs &
•DPR & Feasibility report             •Sector Studies                     Assessment
•Educational Planning and             •Curriculum Development             •Capacity Development
Administration                        •Developing Computer Infra          •Impact Assessment Studies
•Manpower Planning                    •                                   •Evaluation of Projects
                                                                                           Source: www.edcil.co.in
Case Studies: Scope for support services in Education Sector
    IL & FS IDC (Infrastructure Development Corporation)
It is the infrastructure development arm of IL&FS
Roles played by IL&FS IDC
  • Creation of commercial prototypes, suggest and evolve requisite policy/legislative framework
  • As a Project Developer & Sponsor, creation of structures and achieve techno commercial
     closure
  • As an Advisor, it assists govt, local bodies and sponsors to undertake projects

Services to Govt / Govt Agencies
• Project conceptualisation
• Project Structuring & Development
                                                    Services to Sponsors
• Contractual Documentation
                                                    • Project Costing
• Bid Process management
                                                    • Bid Structuring
• Project Implementation and facilitation
                                                    • Assistance in financial closure
• Quality Assurance and oversight
• Merchant banking and fund mobilisation
                                                    Current Projects
                                                     Nursing Training Institutes in NE states
                                                     Sports Academy in Jharkhand
                                                     ITI in Jharkhand

                                                                     Source: www. iidcindia.co.in
Indian Education Market : A Snapshot
             Market
 Segment     Size (Rs   Regulation        Key features          Growth Drivers             Business Potential
                Cr)
Pre + play   6000-      No           • Urban driven         •Peer pressure            • Capital intensive
school       7000                    • Unorganized          • Free pricing            • Scalability is an issue
                                     • Franchise based      • Low penetration         •Lucrative investment

School       20000-     High         • Largest market       • Pref to Pvt. Schools    • Newer business models
Education    25000                   •Low Quality           • Aspiration of parents   •Large scope for PPP
                                     • Structuring issue    • High stickiness         • Structure: A dampener
Higher       15000-     Very High    •Variety of courses    •Growing Economy          •Large scope for pvt.
education    20000                   •Regional disparity    •Government Policy        technical institutes
                                     • Well organized       •High Population          •Scope in semi urban areas
                                                                                      •Scope for Distance edu.
Vocational   5000-      No           • Unregulated pvt      • Job/placement           •Scope for PPP
Education    6000                    mkt.                   • Newer sectors           •Capital intensive
                                     • Number of streams    • Affordable fees         •Lucrative Investment
                                     • Franchise Based
Test Prep    600-800    No           • No regulations       • Growing enrolments      •Niche focused market
                                     • High fees            • Use of technology       • Low stickiness
                                     • Trends/Cycles        • Free pricing            •Scope for new areas like e-
                                                                                      learning
Coaching     7500-      No           • No regulations       • Quality Education       • Scalability Issue
Classes      7800                    • Highly unorganized   • Free pricing            • Capital Intensive
                                     • Urban driven         •Peer pressure


                                                                                       Source: Fortress Team Research
Footnotes
1. In 2002 86th constitutional amendment made right to education elevated to a
   fundamental right for age 6-14 only . So constitutionally there is no compulsion
   for the pre school education and no regulatory mechanism has been devised by
   the government.
2. The gross enrolment ratio (GER) is a statistical measure used in the education
   sector. The GER gives a rough indication of the level of education from
   kindergarten to postgraduate education. In the UN, the GER is calculated by
   expressing the number of students enrolled in primary, secondary and tertiary
   levels of education, regardless of age, as a percentage of the population of
   official school age for the three levels

          GROSS ENROLMENT RATIOS (GER) OF ALL CATEGORIES OF STUDENTS
                  Primary (I-V)    Upper Primary (VI-VIII)   Elementary (I-VIII)
         Year Boys Girls Total      Boys    Girls   Total    Boys   Girls      Total
        1995-
               97.1 79.4 88.6       67.8    49.8    59.3     86.9   69.4       78.5
          96
        2000-
              104.9 85.9 95.7       66.7    49.9    58.6     90.3   72.4       81.6
          01
        2005-
              112.8 105.8 109.4     75.2    66.4     71      98.5    91        94.9
          06



                                                                            Source: DISE, MHRD
3. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a comprehensive and integrated flagship
programme of Government of India to attain Universal Elementary Education
(UEE), covering the entire country in a mission mode. SSA has been launched in 2001-
2002 in partnership with the State Governments and Local Self Governments.
The programme aims to provide useful and relevant, elementary education to all
children in the 6 to 14 age group by 2010. It is an initiative to universalize and
improve quality of education through decentralized and context specific planning and
a process based, time bound implementation strategy.

      GER (%): Significant improvement                DOR (%): Significant reduction from
      from 2001-02 onwards                            2001-02 onwards
120                                              60
                                   108 109              54    55     53     52
110                                              55                                   51       49
        96    96   95         98            95   50
100                                 94
                              85                 45     41    39
 90     82    82   83                            40                  35
 80
                                    70      71   35                         31        29
 70                61         62                 30                                            26
        59    60                                 25
 60
                                                 20
 50



             I-V    VI-VIII        I-VIII                          I-V    I-VIII   Source: DISE, MHRD
4. Dropout rate is defined as the proportion of children that cease to remain enrolled in the
schooling system. There are a number of methods for estimating dropout rate. One of
them, followed in the Selected Education Statistics (SES) of the Ministry of Human Resource
Development, is as follows:
·Gross dropout rates for classes (I-V) = {1-(Enrolment in Class V during the reference year
divided by the enrolment in Class I four years ago)}*100.
·Gross dropout rates for classes (I-VIII) = {1-(Enrolment in Class VIII during the reference year
divided by the enrolment in Class I seven years ago)}*100.



5.Pupil Teacher ratio refers to the number of teachers in a school or university with respect to the
number of students who attend the institution. For example, a student teacher ratio of 10:1
indicates that there are 10 students for every one teacher.
A low student-teacher ratio is often used as a selling point to those choosing schools for tertiary
education. On the other hand, high student-teacher ratio is often cited for criticizing
proportionately underfunded schools or school systems, or as evidence of the need for legislative
change or more funding for education.




                                                                                  Source: DISE, MHRD
6. SCHOOLS WITH NO BUILDING
A & N Islands             17    Karnataka        883
Andhra                          Kerala           161
Pradesh                 16808   Lakshadweep        2
Arunachal                       Madhya
Pradesh                   564   Pradesh         16181
Assam                    3227   Maharashtra      1410
Bihar                    3444   Manipur            98
Chandigarh                  3   Meghalaya         816
Chhattisgarh            11305   Mizoram            70
D & N Haveli               43   Nagaland           52
Daman & Diu                 3   Orissa            501
Delhi                           Puducherry         20
Goa                       19    Punjab            334
Gujarat                  730    Rajasthan        5911
Haryana                  795    Sikkim             17
Himachal                        Tamil Nadu        341
Pradesh                  154    Tripura            14
Jammu &                         Uttar Pradesh    1619
Kashmir                  2248   Uttarakhand       351
Jharkhand               13640   West Bengal      8152


                                                    Source: DISE, MHRD
7.Growth of Educational Institutions

          Year                   Primary          Upper Primary          Sec/ Sr. Secondary

        1995-96                  593410              174145                      99274
        2000-01                  638738              206269                    126047
        2005-06                  772568              288493                    159667

   Number of primary institutions have considerably increased since (90-91) to
   (05-06) as compared to upper primary and secondary schools. There is an
   urgent need to boost the number of secondary institutions so as to support
   the increasing number of enrollments in elementary section

                            8. Public Expenditure on Education
                                       2005-06   2006-07   2007-08     2008-09     2009-10
       Elementary Education            11219     15952     16934       19777       19682
       Secondary Education             1591      1837      3793        5140        6170
       Adult Education                 263       408       363         408         410
       Language Development            152       194       152         180         200
       University & higher Education   2108      2774      3892        5235        6637
       Technical Education             1600      1718      3870        3963        4749
       General Education               3908      2286      4665        6084        7594
       Distance Learning               0         0         0           160         187
       Information & Technology        0         0         0           452         497
       Total Expenditure               20841     25169     33669       41442       46126

Government of India promised to allocate at least 6% of national income to education , a goal set for
realization by the end of ninth five year plan i.e. by 2002
                                                              SOURCE: indiabudget.nic.in UNESCO WORLD STATS
9.Growth of Higher Education in India




                                        Source: MHRD
10. Existing Regulatory System : Structure & Process
•  Centre, UGC and 14 statutory central professional councils (as examples AICTE, MCI) govern the
   entire system
• Regulatory bodies are under direct control of the government
• UGC controls the entire university system including curriculums, degrees, fees, faculty
   qualifications and approval to new universities.
Setting up Universities in India
• Central universities established by Acts of Parliament and State universities established by Acts of
   State Legislative Assemblies;
• Private universities also require central or state legislation;
• Institutions “deemed” to be universities by the UGC and, thus, given university status under the
   UGC Act 1956
• Degree-awarding institutions of national importance, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology
   (IIT), established by Acts of Parliament and outside the purview of the UGC.
Setting Up Private Colleges
• Approval from UGC and respective governing council
• Must be affiliated to a central or state university (private and deemed universities are unitary and
   not allowed to affiliate colleges)

Whereas, most nations in the World are working towards loosening of statutory control over higher
education, India is moving in reverse direction (The Economist, 2005).




                                                                               Source: Fortress Team Research
Thank You !

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Current Scenario of Rural Education in India
Current Scenario of Rural Education in IndiaCurrent Scenario of Rural Education in India
Current Scenario of Rural Education in IndiaAsha Bhavan Centre
 
Education System of India
Education System of India Education System of India
Education System of India Anshika Singh
 
Infrastructure development in india
Infrastructure development in indiaInfrastructure development in india
Infrastructure development in indiaMukesh Khinchi
 
Higher education in india
Higher education in indiaHigher education in india
Higher education in indiaHariharaBhesera
 
Sarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyanSarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyanreshmair
 
Rural Urban Inequality in School Education in India
Rural Urban Inequality in School Education in IndiaRural Urban Inequality in School Education in India
Rural Urban Inequality in School Education in IndiaPallab Kumar Nath
 
Education in rural india
Education in rural indiaEducation in rural india
Education in rural indiaRohit Dobaria
 
Education sector in India
Education sector in IndiaEducation sector in India
Education sector in IndiaRajat Kumar
 
Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.Sweetp999
 
Presentation on Make in India
Presentation on Make in IndiaPresentation on Make in India
Presentation on Make in IndiaSumanth Prabhas
 
Education system in india 2018
Education system in india   2018Education system in india   2018
Education system in india 2018Abhishek Saini
 
Sarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyanSarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyanSarika Shah
 
Indian education system
Indian education systemIndian education system
Indian education systemshamsg2001
 
Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)
Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)
Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)Thanavathi C
 
Education system
Education systemEducation system
Education systemRia Gupta
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

EDUCATIONAL SECTOR
EDUCATIONAL SECTOREDUCATIONAL SECTOR
EDUCATIONAL SECTOR
 
Current Scenario of Rural Education in India
Current Scenario of Rural Education in IndiaCurrent Scenario of Rural Education in India
Current Scenario of Rural Education in India
 
Education System of India
Education System of India Education System of India
Education System of India
 
Educated unemployment
Educated unemploymentEducated unemployment
Educated unemployment
 
Infrastructure development in india
Infrastructure development in indiaInfrastructure development in india
Infrastructure development in india
 
Higher education in india
Higher education in indiaHigher education in india
Higher education in india
 
Sarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyanSarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyan
 
Rural Urban Inequality in School Education in India
Rural Urban Inequality in School Education in IndiaRural Urban Inequality in School Education in India
Rural Urban Inequality in School Education in India
 
Education in rural india
Education in rural indiaEducation in rural india
Education in rural india
 
Education sector in India
Education sector in IndiaEducation sector in India
Education sector in India
 
Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
 
Presentation on Make in India
Presentation on Make in IndiaPresentation on Make in India
Presentation on Make in India
 
Education system in india 2018
Education system in india   2018Education system in india   2018
Education system in india 2018
 
Sarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyanSarva shiksha abhiyan
Sarva shiksha abhiyan
 
Indian education system
Indian education systemIndian education system
Indian education system
 
Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)
Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)
Sarva shiksha abhiyaan (ssa)
 
Education Industry Overview
Education Industry OverviewEducation Industry Overview
Education Industry Overview
 
Education system
Education systemEducation system
Education system
 
Sarva Shiksha Abiyan 2000-01
Sarva Shiksha Abiyan 2000-01Sarva Shiksha Abiyan 2000-01
Sarva Shiksha Abiyan 2000-01
 
Higher education in India
Higher education in IndiaHigher education in India
Higher education in India
 

Ähnlich wie Education Sector in India

Indian Higher Education Report 2014
Indian Higher Education Report 2014Indian Higher Education Report 2014
Indian Higher Education Report 2014Prayukth K V
 
Foreign Educational Institutions In India Vaibhav Gupta
Foreign Educational Institutions In India   Vaibhav GuptaForeign Educational Institutions In India   Vaibhav Gupta
Foreign Educational Institutions In India Vaibhav GuptaVaibhav Gupta
 
Education Industry In India
Education Industry In IndiaEducation Industry In India
Education Industry In IndiaParth Banerjee
 
Dbms in education sector
Dbms in education sectorDbms in education sector
Dbms in education sectorantuvane
 
A Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education SectorA Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education SectorRajesh GANDHI
 
A Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education SectorA Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education SectorRajesh GANDHI
 
Crisis in Higher Educational Sector in India
Crisis in Higher Educational Sector in IndiaCrisis in Higher Educational Sector in India
Crisis in Higher Educational Sector in IndiaYash Mundhra
 
Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0
Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0
Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0UllalNews
 
Life Light For Education Concept Paper On Education
Life  Light For Education Concept Paper On EducationLife  Light For Education Concept Paper On Education
Life Light For Education Concept Paper On EducationAshish Tandon
 
2014 sep-27 skills to employment
2014 sep-27 skills to employment2014 sep-27 skills to employment
2014 sep-27 skills to employmentAjay Mohan Goel
 
F385160
F385160F385160
F385160aijbm
 
Sanjeev ghai irs
Sanjeev ghai irsSanjeev ghai irs
Sanjeev ghai irsAmit Ranjan
 
MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un- served rur...
MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un-  served rur...MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un-  served rur...
MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un- served rur...bkizzy
 

Ähnlich wie Education Sector in India (20)

Indian Higher Education Report 2014
Indian Higher Education Report 2014Indian Higher Education Report 2014
Indian Higher Education Report 2014
 
Foreign Educational Institutions In India Vaibhav Gupta
Foreign Educational Institutions In India   Vaibhav GuptaForeign Educational Institutions In India   Vaibhav Gupta
Foreign Educational Institutions In India Vaibhav Gupta
 
Education Industry In India
Education Industry In IndiaEducation Industry In India
Education Industry In India
 
Dbms in education sector
Dbms in education sectorDbms in education sector
Dbms in education sector
 
A Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education SectorA Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education Sector
 
A Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education SectorA Report Card On Indias Education Sector
A Report Card On Indias Education Sector
 
Ppt of seminar
Ppt of seminarPpt of seminar
Ppt of seminar
 
Crisis in Higher Educational Sector in India
Crisis in Higher Educational Sector in IndiaCrisis in Higher Educational Sector in India
Crisis in Higher Educational Sector in India
 
Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0
Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0
Evaluation of the secondary and pre university education in karnataka 0
 
Rural education Nepal
Rural education NepalRural education Nepal
Rural education Nepal
 
rockstar
rockstarrockstar
rockstar
 
Quantifiers
QuantifiersQuantifiers
Quantifiers
 
Life Light For Education Concept Paper On Education
Life  Light For Education Concept Paper On EducationLife  Light For Education Concept Paper On Education
Life Light For Education Concept Paper On Education
 
PEARLSOFJNTU
PEARLSOFJNTUPEARLSOFJNTU
PEARLSOFJNTU
 
2014 sep-27 skills to employment
2014 sep-27 skills to employment2014 sep-27 skills to employment
2014 sep-27 skills to employment
 
fightingfive
fightingfivefightingfive
fightingfive
 
F385160
F385160F385160
F385160
 
Sanjeev ghai irs
Sanjeev ghai irsSanjeev ghai irs
Sanjeev ghai irs
 
MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un- served rur...
MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un-  served rur...MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un-  served rur...
MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un- served rur...
 
Challenges in Indian Education Sector
Challenges in Indian Education SectorChallenges in Indian Education Sector
Challenges in Indian Education Sector
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptxmary850239
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
3.19.24 Urban Uprisings and the Chicago Freedom Movement.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 

Education Sector in India

  • 1. A Report on Education in India Status and Opportunities
  • 2. Contents: Status of Education in INDIA • Play School and Pre School Education • Elementary Education • Secondary Education • Higher Education • Vocational Education Opportunities and Role for Private Players • Opportunities for Service Providers • Public Private Partnership (PPP) • Support Services in Education Sector • Indian Education Sector: A Snapshot
  • 4. Play School and Pre School Education Present Status 1 • Lack of any regulatory mechanism for Play School – Pre School Segment 2 • Population under the age group of 2-6 years is 10-11 Cr ( 9 -10 %) • Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) in pre-school segment is as low as 18% @ Current Trends • Rising awareness about the significance of early education for child development and maintaining high enrolment and retention rates in primary education • Majority of the Play School and Pre School market is concentrated in Urban Areas Market Size and Players • Organised pre school market is dominated by private players a few of them are Kidzee, Eurokids, Treehouse • The current urban market size is estimated to be Rs 6000 Cr @ at government pre schools` Source : Fortress Team Research
  • 5. Elementary Education (Std I-VIII) Present Status The Positives …… • Participation: Rapid improvement in enrollment 2 rates, at least in primary schools • Equity: Social disparity which was very high till 90’s has been reduced significantly. 3 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) gets most of the credit for the improvements in Elementary Education The Problem Areas …….. 4 • Drop out rates : 48 % in elementary Education (std I- VIII) mainly because of socio-economic reasons • Regional disparity: States like Bihar, UP are way behind in terms of GER, Drop outs.. ( Cont..)
  • 6. The Problem Areas ……. ( Cont..) • Infrastructure: 5 5 o Low PTR and teacher absenteeism o 24% Schools in India do not have proper school building 6 o 8 % schools Lack drinking water facilities • Quality of Education: o Pratham’s ASER survey: 60% of children aged 7 to 12 cannot read a simple Para (Pratham is a reputed NGO working towards education in India) Source: DISE, MHRD
  • 7. Overall Performance Aspects Better Performing States Slow Performing States Rajasthan, Delhi , Maharashtra, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Gross enrolment ratio (GER) Uttarakhand Nagaland Assam, Bihar, Mizoram, Drop out rates Kerala , Goa, Haryana, Himachal, Meghalaya Teacher appointments Andhra Pradesh, J&K, Orissa, UP W.Bengal, MP Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Arunachal Teacher training Tamil Nadu Pradesh Construction of school Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan W. Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand buildings Construction of additional Gujarat, Karnataka, Assam, AP Chattisgarh, UP, Manipur classrooms % of Expenditure on Education & Training of total Assam, Maharashtra, Bihar Delhi J&K, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh Budget Source : Fortress Team Research, DISE, MHRD and Presentation by Mr. Amit Kaushik UNDP Workshop on MDGs And Human Development Lucknow 2006
  • 8. Secondary Education (Std IX-XII) Success of SSA has resulted in a pull effect on Secondary Education System Secondary Education is an important foundation for vocational / higher education Hence expansion of Secondary Education is important for the development of any Nation 8 The problem areas ….. Financing: While India has pursued the drive Participation: At the lower secondary level towards universal elementary education, since 2000 the share of investment financing for (grades 9 and 10), the gross enrollment rate (GER) secondary education has declined significantly. is 52 %, while at the senior secondary level (grade 11 and 12) it is just 28 % (2005-06). Access: Number of secondary Schools are almost half the number of Upper primary schools available 7 in the country Equity: Most secondary students are boys, and disproportionately from urban areas and wealthier segments of the population. Quality : Assessments of student achievement in mathematics by at the secondary and senior secondary level suggest that the quality of instruction and learning is very low. (Source ASER report) Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 9. Current Trends Actual and ProjectedActual and Projected Demand Education Demand for Secondary for Secondary Education • Enrolment in Government schools has 70 Total Demand decreased in last decades. There is a 60 Lower Secondary trend in Urban as well as rural areas to Millions of Students 50 Senior Secondary opt for private education LS 40 • Sharp increase is expected in the 30 SS Co demand for secondary education in 20 coming decade. (Actual And Projected Demand is shown in Graph) 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Market Size and Players Source: Presentation by Sam Carlson Education consultant (World Bank) • Share of Private Institutions in Indian School Education is, Primary 7%, Upper Primary 21%, Secondary 32% • Annual private market size for the segment I to XII is estimated at Rs 22-26k Cr • With growth being expected in private unaided institutions the market should witness encouraging growth Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 10. What needs to be done… Policy Level Initiatives • Public classroom and school construction, especially in rural areas where private suppliers are unlikely to venture; • Training and hiring of more teachers, and rationalizing their deployment, so that supply better matches demand; • Investments in curriculum revision, progressive pedagogy, technology and examination reforms, to make schooling more relevant • Provide financial and in-kind assistance for poor and disadvantaged students, to offset direct and indirect costs of schooling, and overcome household reluctance to send their children (especially girls) to school; • Public information campaigns to change attitudes about the benefits of schooling and delayed marriages Government Initiatives • Programs to improve the internal efficiency and quality of Secondary education, so as to increase the number and quality of graduates; example programs like SSA • Promoting ICTs, so that students can take greater control of their learning and skills acquisition from sources other than the teacher and textbook. Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 11. Higher Education (beyond XII) Present Status The positives…… 9 • 348 universities, 17625 colleges, >500,000 teachers; 10.5 million students; • Third largest number of graduates after US & China. • Professional education in English medium • Growing rapidly; Covers all major disciplines; Weakness….. • Low enrolment (13% -2006 ) • Regulatory system 10 over centralized; is • Lack of institutional autonomy and accountability still it fails to maintain standards. • Unplanned expansion • Variable quality; market mismatch; • Little knowledge creation– little interaction with economy, society and other academic/ research institutions • Limited access and regional disparity (80% of technical educational institutions are concentrated in 4 states of MH, AP, TN, KR) • Diminishing and skewed public funding (0.6 % of GDP in 2006) Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 12. What needs to be done…  Increasing Access and Reducing Regional Imbalances  Empowerment and Accountability of Institutions  Academic, Administrative, Financial, Managerial  Improving Quality and Effectiveness  Quality and effectiveness of teaching learning processes  Faculty development  Curriculum reforms  Networking to Enhance Capacity, Improve Quality and Produce Excellence  Networking of institutions with each other, with R&D labs, industry and service sector  Resource sharing of expertise, facilities  Mobilization of Additional Financial Resources  Encourage private funding Need for making Indian higher education globally competitive not only for seizing opportunity for global trade in higher education services ($30 billion last year), but to corner a larger share of fast growing international trade in professional services ($270 billion last year) – higher education feeds into growth of professional services Source: Research Paper by Shashi Shrivastava, Education Consultant , World Bank
  • 13. Vocational Education Conventional Vocational Education • Vocational education is very important for building skilled workforce to meet growing demand of a developing country. • Percentage of students applying for vocational education in India is less than 20% compared to developed countries where it is more than 50 % . • Gov ITIs and private ICTs offer 1 1 0 courses under conventional vocational education including engineering and non engineering courses Role of private players in Embedding with Formal ISSUE Up-gradation of courses ITI Education State: Option Available Action taken Scheme for up-gradation No specific action Central : scheme in progress Low awareness, Not updated as per the Bottlenecks Scheme Structuring, Non Up-gradation industry requirements Invite views of private players, Inputs from industry Suggestions Review of schemes Appoint PMC professionals Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 14. New Trends in Vocational Education & Market Size  After economic liberalization the contribution of service sector as a percentage of GDP has increased from 34 % in early 90’s to 56% in 2008.  This has triggered the need for trained manpower leading to flourishing of various private vocational institutes.  In the recent times it has expanded into fields like Finance, Retail, Animation, Hospitality, Media, Aviation etc.  The current market size of private vocational training is estimated as Rs 5k-6k Cr Comparing Govt. run conventional training and private vocational training Conventional Training Private Training Gov Intervention Government controlled /run Lesser/No Gov intervention Profit Motive Not for profit For profit Penetration Deep but highly under utilized Urban Areas, optimum utilization Streams Offered Welding, turning (total 110) IT, Finance, Retail, Media, Animation Up gradation of courses Less/ no up gradation Frequent up gradation Quality Infrastructure Basic and inadequate Advanced and adequate Linkage with industry Lesser tuning with the industry Designed as per industry requirement Job Orientation Yes, low key jobs Yes, medium-top end jobs Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 15. Opportunities and Role for Private Players
  • 16. Opportunities for Service Providers • Teachers training Institutes India has a shortage of around 10-12 Lac teachers in all forms of education. Which means the demand for teachers training and retraining is going to increase in coming years • Setting up Play schools With increasing awareness & no regulatory mechanism in place play schools is one of the most lucrative business • Setting up Universities & Private Colleges . As per the National Knowledge Commission report to raise the GER in Higher education to 15 % by 2020 India will need 1500 Universities and cluster of colleges affiliated to them. • Private Open Universities and Distance education Popular among young workers / professionals who want to pursue further education. The trend is growing in India Case Study : Manipal Universal Learning (Cont…)
  • 17. Case Study: Manipal Universal Learning Revenues FY 09 Background  It is the corporate entity of the Manipal Education Group. Domestic Operations International Operations:  Manipal University is a Deemed university in Karnataka, India since Rs395 crore Rs419 crore 1993  Sikkim Manipal University, an open university under the Sikkim Govt. Distance Antigua university: Education: Rs281 Rs156 crore Courses Offered crore  Various programmes in the areas of medicine, engineering, information sciences, allied health Meritrac: Rs53 Dubai Campus: sciences, biotechnology, dental, etc crore (88%) Rs52 crore  Online MBA programmes.  Potential for industry-academia collaborations by establishing ICICI- Corporate Training: Nepal Campus: Manipal Academy ICICI Manipal: Rs50 crore Rs35 crore  Offers distance education courses through 550 Learning Centers Revenue Professional Skills: Malaysia campus: Rs7 crore 38 crore  Gross revenues of Rs814 Cr . Sponsor-funding $30m from IDFC Private Equity and $40m from Capital International. 70% of the domestic revenues from services to SMU International Center for applied U21: Rs27 crore  Has acquired a stake in U21 Global (revenues of $4.2m) science: Rs12 crore  Program for engineering through its International Centre for Applied Sciences (ICAS) Treasury Income: Others: Rs94 crore Rs8 crore Source: SSKI report, Fortress Team Research
  • 18. Sikkim Manipal  Manipal Universal: Fund Flow • Defines Eligibility Payments UGC • Defines Curriculum • Approves programmes with appropriate Certification Service • Admits Students • Conducts Exams • Award Degrees SMU MUL • Creates Awareness STUDENT • Appoints LCs • Develops Content • Supports admission process • Mails course material • Supports in hiring faculty • Supports student placement LC • Provides infrastructure at local level • Local faculty support for counseling & tutoring • Supports placements Source: SSKI report, Fortress Team Research
  • 19. Opportunities for Service Providers • ICT and E- learning in Education It is a sunrise Industry in India. Increase in Computer Infrastructure , internet users and broadband penetration in last decade means ICT & e learning industry is expected to grow in near future. Products Case Study : Educomp Ltd Pre-schools  Largest provider of technology education products and services for K-12 Private Schools students. Reaches out to over 21,000 schools Smart Class  It leverages its strong understanding of the technology and education needs ICT Solutions of schools(Public & Private) to deliver high quality, cost effective products. Retail & Counseling 6% Business Model Prof. Development 10% • Smart Class: Smart Class  Builds IT infrastructure for private schools and licenses the digital ICT 49% 35% curriculum content  Incurs the initial expenditure in return of which it receives revenues for300 Sales (Rs Crore) 276. the next 5 years 9 200 112. • ICT Segment 2  Builds IT infrastructure for government schools on BOOT model 100 53.7  Incurs the upfront expenditure and receives quarterly payment for 0 services rendered FY06 FY07 FY08 Source: Annual Reports
  • 20. Opportunities for Service Providers • Vocational Training Institutes As Discussed there is a huge scope for private Vocational Training Institutes in areas like IT, Media, Hospitality, Aviation etc Case Study: NIIT Ltd  Started as an IT training Sales (Rs Crore) Finance 3% provider, expanded to Finance, school (ICT), corporate 1006. Corporate 8 IT training etc 795.1 35% 54%  Works on a franchise model 450.7  Setting up university in the current Schools 8% year FY06 FY07 FY08 Courses School Learning Solutions Individual Solutions Corporate solutions Target Customer School children Young adults Working professionals Value Preposition Academics Employability Productivity Customer School Individual Corporate Coverage Multimedia Learning IT/BFSI/Spoken English, Learning products Teacher Training Management education Training delivery & Admin Geographical India India + emerging India + USA + Europe Coverage economies` Source: www.niit.com
  • 21. Opportunities for Service Providers • Coaching Classes and Competitive Test Preparation Private coaching for curriculum and for competitive exam centre is a booming business expected to be worth Rs 8k – 9k Cr • Franchise Investor Franchise Model and Role of Franchise Investor Franchise owner Right to operate business Franchisee Franchisee Fee Profit/Loss in the Franchisee investor business
  • 22. Public Private Partnership (PPP) Opportunities in Education ( Innovative public-private partnership models take advantage of existing underutilized capacity in the public sector and induce a supply response to expand that capacity. Some of the models could be… ) Contracting out (failing) state schools Case Study : Schools run by BMC in Mumbai  BMC runs 1171 Primary and 49 Secondary Schools in Mumbai Region  Over the years enrolment is BMC schools is declining (for primary schools 4,85,000 in 20005-06 to 4,25,000 in 08-09and for secondary schools 55000 in 2005-06 to 43000 in 08-09)  Decrease in enrolment of BMC schools has resulted in Shutting down of around 17 primary schools in last three years.  The Major reason being lack of facilities and quality in BMC run Schools  PPP model can be developed whereby the underutilized School Infrastructure can be used in a better way BMC Low Enrollment Schools on the verge There are 1171 of closure Good Primary and 49 Infrastructure Pays Rent to BMC Secondary Schools Facilities High Spending on run by BMC in Salaries & Mumbai Leased Out Infrastructure Trends of High Private Enrollment in High Student Fees Schools Private Schools Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 23. Public Private Partnership (PPP) Opportunities in Education Building School Infrastructure in rural areas through PPP Lack of Secondary Schools in Rural Areas Private players Government PPP model can be developed are reluctant does not have to increase Primary / because of low the funds to Secondary school Return on build the Infrastructure in Rural Areas Investments infrastructure where Private Players are reluctant to go because of low rate of Return Private Player builds the infrastructure Gov. gives tax benefits, Commercial FSI to Private Players
  • 24. Public Private Partnership (PPP) Opportunities in Education Open Schooling Why Open Schooling? 600 Boys Girls 400 282 • Improvement in enrolment at Up 134 191 primary and Secondary level 200 • Drop out rate: 25% (I-V), 49% 202 281 201 (I-VIII), 62% (I-X) 0 • Laborers migrate along with TOTAL - I - TOTAL - VI TOTAL - IX- families, for their children V - VIII X attending schools is difficult Promotion Actual Drop outs in India (12 Cr Appox) Present Status From Government as • NIOS , the central body formed in alternative ‘79 schools Open Schooling • Lower Enrolments (3.4 lac 06-07) Funding • Lower passing rates • No specific funding towards OS Role of Private • No major focus at state level as Players, NGOs Bridge Schools: Sakhar well Concept Shala, Bhatti Shala Development and Project Management Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 25. Scope for support services in Education Sector Concept to commissioning of Private / Gov educational projects like education cities and theme schools Education City Marketing to Implementing Marketing to the Concept Invite Expression Authority Players in Development of Interest (HUDA, MIDC, C Education IDCO) Planning, Handling of the Allocation of land, Commissioning of Project procedures Landscaping project Management (Pre/Post Bid) Design Rajiv Gandhi Education City Gujarat Vittal Innovation City (Valsad, Gujarat) (Sonipat, Haryana) Implementing Authority: HUDA Implementing Authority: GIDC + EMPI Centre INNOPOLIS Consortia HUDA has allocated 700 acres at Sonipat for the University to be located in the GVIC SEZ proposed Education City IT companies also invited to set up their campus in 1 institute of international repute (60-180 acres) + 10 GVIC other institutions (3-25 acre) Executives of the company can also participate as Lease hold/ Free hold land based on area, faculty Payment terms to be decided accordingly As located in SEZ, university will be free to modify curriculum to meet industry needs Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 26. Scope for support services in Education Sector • Project development and management consultants for PPP • Capacity building • Investment Banking • Project Management of supporting implementing various government schemes (some government schemes are as under) Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan Model Schools (RMSA) Scheme Targets of RMSA Genesis of the Schemes • Access to quality and affordable education • 2500 schools to be set up in EBBs under available to all in the age group of 14-18 government (state + center) and 2500 • A secondary school at every 5 km and a higher schools on PPP model secondary school at every 7-10 km • State government to contribute land at • Universal access to secondary education (USE) free of cost by 2017 (GER of 100%) • Emphasis on English language • Universal retention to secondary education by • Classes VI-XII or IX-XII 2020 (0 dropouts) • Special attention towards economically and socially backward sections Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 27. Case Studies: Support Service Providers in Education Sector EdCIL India Limited  A government of India enterprise offering consultancy services in all areas of education and human resource development in India and overseas  Undertakes education projects on turnkey basis from concept to commissioning 18 16.84 Services for Institutional EdCIL Sales 07/08 16 development 14 •Feasibility Studies 8.35 14.74 12 •Preparation of Master Plan 9.52 9.73 10 •Conceptualization of Schemes 8 6.84 4.67 •Engineering Designs 6 •Bid Preparation 4 0.56 •Techno Commercial Evaluation 2.1 2 0.74 •Award of Work 0 •Implementation and Monitoring assistance Institution Placement activities Secondme developm Technical Testing services •Quality Assurance and Inspection ent nt •Construction Management Technical Support to Govt schemes •Institutional Planning •Training Needs & •DPR & Feasibility report •Sector Studies Assessment •Educational Planning and •Curriculum Development •Capacity Development Administration •Developing Computer Infra •Impact Assessment Studies •Manpower Planning • •Evaluation of Projects Source: www.edcil.co.in
  • 28. Case Studies: Scope for support services in Education Sector IL & FS IDC (Infrastructure Development Corporation) It is the infrastructure development arm of IL&FS Roles played by IL&FS IDC • Creation of commercial prototypes, suggest and evolve requisite policy/legislative framework • As a Project Developer & Sponsor, creation of structures and achieve techno commercial closure • As an Advisor, it assists govt, local bodies and sponsors to undertake projects Services to Govt / Govt Agencies • Project conceptualisation • Project Structuring & Development Services to Sponsors • Contractual Documentation • Project Costing • Bid Process management • Bid Structuring • Project Implementation and facilitation • Assistance in financial closure • Quality Assurance and oversight • Merchant banking and fund mobilisation Current Projects  Nursing Training Institutes in NE states  Sports Academy in Jharkhand  ITI in Jharkhand Source: www. iidcindia.co.in
  • 29. Indian Education Market : A Snapshot Market Segment Size (Rs Regulation Key features Growth Drivers Business Potential Cr) Pre + play 6000- No • Urban driven •Peer pressure • Capital intensive school 7000 • Unorganized • Free pricing • Scalability is an issue • Franchise based • Low penetration •Lucrative investment School 20000- High • Largest market • Pref to Pvt. Schools • Newer business models Education 25000 •Low Quality • Aspiration of parents •Large scope for PPP • Structuring issue • High stickiness • Structure: A dampener Higher 15000- Very High •Variety of courses •Growing Economy •Large scope for pvt. education 20000 •Regional disparity •Government Policy technical institutes • Well organized •High Population •Scope in semi urban areas •Scope for Distance edu. Vocational 5000- No • Unregulated pvt • Job/placement •Scope for PPP Education 6000 mkt. • Newer sectors •Capital intensive • Number of streams • Affordable fees •Lucrative Investment • Franchise Based Test Prep 600-800 No • No regulations • Growing enrolments •Niche focused market • High fees • Use of technology • Low stickiness • Trends/Cycles • Free pricing •Scope for new areas like e- learning Coaching 7500- No • No regulations • Quality Education • Scalability Issue Classes 7800 • Highly unorganized • Free pricing • Capital Intensive • Urban driven •Peer pressure Source: Fortress Team Research
  • 31. 1. In 2002 86th constitutional amendment made right to education elevated to a fundamental right for age 6-14 only . So constitutionally there is no compulsion for the pre school education and no regulatory mechanism has been devised by the government. 2. The gross enrolment ratio (GER) is a statistical measure used in the education sector. The GER gives a rough indication of the level of education from kindergarten to postgraduate education. In the UN, the GER is calculated by expressing the number of students enrolled in primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education, regardless of age, as a percentage of the population of official school age for the three levels GROSS ENROLMENT RATIOS (GER) OF ALL CATEGORIES OF STUDENTS Primary (I-V) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Elementary (I-VIII) Year Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total 1995- 97.1 79.4 88.6 67.8 49.8 59.3 86.9 69.4 78.5 96 2000- 104.9 85.9 95.7 66.7 49.9 58.6 90.3 72.4 81.6 01 2005- 112.8 105.8 109.4 75.2 66.4 71 98.5 91 94.9 06 Source: DISE, MHRD
  • 32. 3. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a comprehensive and integrated flagship programme of Government of India to attain Universal Elementary Education (UEE), covering the entire country in a mission mode. SSA has been launched in 2001- 2002 in partnership with the State Governments and Local Self Governments. The programme aims to provide useful and relevant, elementary education to all children in the 6 to 14 age group by 2010. It is an initiative to universalize and improve quality of education through decentralized and context specific planning and a process based, time bound implementation strategy. GER (%): Significant improvement DOR (%): Significant reduction from from 2001-02 onwards 2001-02 onwards 120 60 108 109 54 55 53 52 110 55 51 49 96 96 95 98 95 50 100 94 85 45 41 39 90 82 82 83 40 35 80 70 71 35 31 29 70 61 62 30 26 59 60 25 60 20 50 I-V VI-VIII I-VIII I-V I-VIII Source: DISE, MHRD
  • 33. 4. Dropout rate is defined as the proportion of children that cease to remain enrolled in the schooling system. There are a number of methods for estimating dropout rate. One of them, followed in the Selected Education Statistics (SES) of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, is as follows: ·Gross dropout rates for classes (I-V) = {1-(Enrolment in Class V during the reference year divided by the enrolment in Class I four years ago)}*100. ·Gross dropout rates for classes (I-VIII) = {1-(Enrolment in Class VIII during the reference year divided by the enrolment in Class I seven years ago)}*100. 5.Pupil Teacher ratio refers to the number of teachers in a school or university with respect to the number of students who attend the institution. For example, a student teacher ratio of 10:1 indicates that there are 10 students for every one teacher. A low student-teacher ratio is often used as a selling point to those choosing schools for tertiary education. On the other hand, high student-teacher ratio is often cited for criticizing proportionately underfunded schools or school systems, or as evidence of the need for legislative change or more funding for education. Source: DISE, MHRD
  • 34. 6. SCHOOLS WITH NO BUILDING A & N Islands 17 Karnataka 883 Andhra Kerala 161 Pradesh 16808 Lakshadweep 2 Arunachal Madhya Pradesh 564 Pradesh 16181 Assam 3227 Maharashtra 1410 Bihar 3444 Manipur 98 Chandigarh 3 Meghalaya 816 Chhattisgarh 11305 Mizoram 70 D & N Haveli 43 Nagaland 52 Daman & Diu 3 Orissa 501 Delhi Puducherry 20 Goa 19 Punjab 334 Gujarat 730 Rajasthan 5911 Haryana 795 Sikkim 17 Himachal Tamil Nadu 341 Pradesh 154 Tripura 14 Jammu & Uttar Pradesh 1619 Kashmir 2248 Uttarakhand 351 Jharkhand 13640 West Bengal 8152 Source: DISE, MHRD
  • 35. 7.Growth of Educational Institutions Year Primary Upper Primary Sec/ Sr. Secondary 1995-96 593410 174145 99274 2000-01 638738 206269 126047 2005-06 772568 288493 159667 Number of primary institutions have considerably increased since (90-91) to (05-06) as compared to upper primary and secondary schools. There is an urgent need to boost the number of secondary institutions so as to support the increasing number of enrollments in elementary section 8. Public Expenditure on Education 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Elementary Education 11219 15952 16934 19777 19682 Secondary Education 1591 1837 3793 5140 6170 Adult Education 263 408 363 408 410 Language Development 152 194 152 180 200 University & higher Education 2108 2774 3892 5235 6637 Technical Education 1600 1718 3870 3963 4749 General Education 3908 2286 4665 6084 7594 Distance Learning 0 0 0 160 187 Information & Technology 0 0 0 452 497 Total Expenditure 20841 25169 33669 41442 46126 Government of India promised to allocate at least 6% of national income to education , a goal set for realization by the end of ninth five year plan i.e. by 2002 SOURCE: indiabudget.nic.in UNESCO WORLD STATS
  • 36. 9.Growth of Higher Education in India Source: MHRD
  • 37. 10. Existing Regulatory System : Structure & Process • Centre, UGC and 14 statutory central professional councils (as examples AICTE, MCI) govern the entire system • Regulatory bodies are under direct control of the government • UGC controls the entire university system including curriculums, degrees, fees, faculty qualifications and approval to new universities. Setting up Universities in India • Central universities established by Acts of Parliament and State universities established by Acts of State Legislative Assemblies; • Private universities also require central or state legislation; • Institutions “deemed” to be universities by the UGC and, thus, given university status under the UGC Act 1956 • Degree-awarding institutions of national importance, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT), established by Acts of Parliament and outside the purview of the UGC. Setting Up Private Colleges • Approval from UGC and respective governing council • Must be affiliated to a central or state university (private and deemed universities are unitary and not allowed to affiliate colleges) Whereas, most nations in the World are working towards loosening of statutory control over higher education, India is moving in reverse direction (The Economist, 2005). Source: Fortress Team Research