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GROUND RULES
 Be attentive
 Switch off your cell phones & laptops
 Do not talk
 Do not leave the room during presentation
 Question & answers will be treated at the end
of presentation
2/19/2017
1
SocialissuesafterDisaster
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
SOCIAL ISSUES AFTER DISASTER
Presented By:
N/C Saira Riaz
BSc Gen 3rd Year 6th Semester
Faculty:
Maj Farhat Jabeen
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation the learner will
be able to:
 Define disaster
 Classify the disaster
 Explain natural and man made disasters
 Describe social issues after disaster
 Learn psychological issues after disaster
 Elaborate social issues during disaster
 Define disaster management
 Discuss disaster management
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
DISASTER
“Any occurrence that can cause damage,
ecological disruption. loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health care
services on a scale, sufficient warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the
affected community or area”
(WHO)
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
DISASTER CONT…
”Something (such as a flood, tornado, fire, plane
crash, etc.) that happens suddenly and causes
much suffering or loss to many people”
 Something that has a very bad effect
 Result a complete or terrible failure
(Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary)
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
TYPES OF DISASTER
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
NATURAL DISASTER
“A sudden and terrible event in nature (such as
a hurricane, tornado, or flood) that usually
results in serious damage and many deaths”
(Merriam Webster)
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
CAUSES OF NATURAL DISASTERS:
 A natural disaster is a disruption in the balance
of the environment
 Planetary Heat Exchangers
 Rising Sea Levels and Deforestation
 When the Ground Convulses
 Regional distribution
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER
There are different types of natural disaster.
Flood:
When an expanse of water overflows, it
submerges land and
destroys everything
that gets in its way.
This is a flood.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
TORNADOS
 “Tornadoes are violent , rotating, funnel-
shaped
clouds that usually
extend from thunderstorms
to the ground and have
wind speeds of between
50 and 300 mph.”
 Damage exceed 50 miles
in some cases.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
EXTREME TEMPRATURES
 Extreme temperatures caused by a heat wave
or cold wave
are one of many climatologically
hazards. A heat wave
increases the temperature
in a certain region
and pushes the human
body beyond its limit.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
AVALANCHES:
 “Geophysical hazard caused by a large
amount of snow
sliding down a mountainside
is called avalanches.”
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
AVALANCHES CONT…
 When an avalanche moves towards ground
level, it gains mass by amassing snow from the
snowpack and is usually at its highest speed
when it gets nearer to the bottom of the slope.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
DROUGHT:
“A drought occurs when a region doesn't receive
enough rainfall
which leads to a severe
deficiency in the water supply.”
 When the situation
persists over an
extended period, it changes
the ecosystem and
destroys the agriculture
of the region.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
WILDFIRE:
 In the United States, over 90% of wildfires are
caused when
people leave campfires
unattended, discard cigarettes
carelessly, etc., but
long-lasting lightning
bolts can also start a
fire in wild lands.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
TSUNAMI:
“A powerful earthquake, underwater explosions,
landslides, or volcanic eruptions under the
ocean floor is called tsunami.”
 Deadliest types of
natural disasters.
 Tremendous damage
 Affect millions of people
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
VOLCANO ERUPTION:
“When magma from the earth's upper mantle
moves to the surface is called volcano
eruption.”
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
VOLCANO ERUPTION CONT…
 Takes the form of a pool filled with molten
rock. A volcano erupts when pressure builds.
 Cause hot ash flows, lava flows, lateral blasts,
falling ash, and avalanches.
 Can often trigger flash floods, tsunamis,
mudflows, earthquakes, and rock falls.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
HURRICANES:
 A closed circulation system in the atmosphere
that consists
of strong winds and
low pressure.
 The winds rotate
clockwise in the southern
hemisphere and counter
clockwise in the
northern hemisphere.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
EARTHQUAKE:
 Types of natural disasters that strike without
an early warning.
 Result of the sudden
break within the upper
crust of the earth, which
may also break the
surface and lead to
the vibration of the
ground.
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
MAN MADE DISASTERS
 “A disastrous event caused directly and
principally by one or more identifiable
deliberate or negligent human actions. Also
called human-made disaster.”
(William Webster’s)
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
CAUSES OF MANMADE DISASTERS
There are many causes of manmade disasters.
 Negligence
 Oil spilling
 Nuclear bombing and testing
 Lack of fund, proper intervention, inspection
and education
 Terrorism
 Pollution
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
TYPES OF MANMADE DISASTERS
 There are different types of manmade
disasters.
 Nuclear disaster
 Biological disasters
 Chemical disasters
 Fire accidents
 Road accidents
 Terrorism
 Epidemic
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
NUCLEAR DISASTER
 “An event that has led to significant
consequences to people,
the environment or the
facility." Examples include
lethal effects to individuals,
large radioactivity release
to the environment,
or reactor core melt."
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
BIOLOGICAL DISASTER
 “Biological disasters are outbreaks of diseases
or contagions of plant and animal life on an
epidemic or pandemic level or infestations of
animal or insect life on an epidemic or
pandemic level”
Examples:
 Biological disasters include cholera and
influenza H1N1 (swine flu).
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
CHEMICAL DISASTER
 “A chemical accident is the unintentional
release of one or more hazardous substances
which could harm human health or the
environment.”
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
FIRE ACCIDENTS
 “One which arises in consequence of some
human agency,
without any intention,
or which happens by
some natural cause,
without human agency.”
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
ROAD ACCIDENTS
 “The accident occuring when a vehicle that is
moving along a roadway collides with another
vehicle or object is called road traffic
accident.”
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
TERRORISM
 “The use of violent acts to frighten the people
in an area
as a way of trying to
achieve a political
goal.”
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
EPIDEMIC
 “A widespread occurrence of an infectious
disease in a community at a particular time.”
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
IMPACTS OF DISASTER ON
SOCIETY
 Displaced Populations
One of the most immediate effects of natural
disasters is population displacement.
 When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or
other powerful forces of nature, many people
have to abandon their homes and seek shelter
in other regions.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
IMPACTS CONT…
 A large influx of refugees can disrupt
accessibility of health care and education, as
well as food supplies and clean water.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
IMPACTS CONT…
 Health Risks
it is the second most damaging effect of
disaster.
 Severe flooding can result in stagnant water
that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria
and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
 Without emergency relief from international aid
organizations and others, death tolls can rise
even after the immediate danger has passed.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
IMPACTS CONT…
 Food Scarcity
After natural disasters, food often becomes
scarce.
 Thousands of people around the world go
hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss
of agricultural supplies, whether it happens
suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
IMPACTS CONT…
 Food prices rise, reducing families’ purchasing
power and increasing the risk of severe
malnutrition or worse.
 The impacts of hunger following an
earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be
tremendous, causing lifelong damage to
children’s development.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
IMPACTS CONT…
 Emotional Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic
for young children.
 Confronted with scenes of destruction and the
deaths of friends and loved ones, many
children develop post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological
condition resulting from extreme trauma.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
IMPACTS CONT…
 Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD
can be prone to lasting psychological damage
and emotional distress.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF
DISASTER
 Following are the psychological impcts of
disaster ;
 post-traumatic stress
 Grief and loss
 Fear,anxiety and insecurity
 Confusion and guilt
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
CONT…
 Post-traumatic stress;
Young people can ‘act out’ when they are
grieving or traumatised. They can become
aggressive or irritable and start having
problems at school.
 Grief and loss;
People who have survived a natural disaster
often feel a sense of grief and loss. They may
have lost family members, friends,
neighbours, pets, their homes and cherished
possessions.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
CONT…
 Fear anxiety and insecurity;
 Natural disasters often impact the entire
community and this can affect a young
person’s sense of security and normality.
Sometimes people continue to feel anxious,
frightened and unsafe for weeks after the
disaster, despite being physically safe.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
CONT…
 Confusion and guilt;
survivors of a disaster feel guilty that they
have survived while others have not, or feel
guilty that they were unable to prevent or
control the disaster.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
SOCIAL ISSUES DURING DISASTER
 Food crisis
 Health hazards
 Revaged infrastructure
 Unemployment and economic loss
 Militancy and crimes
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
DISASTER MANAGMENT
“ Organization and management of resources
and responsibilities for dealing with all
humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in
particular preparedness, response and
recovery in order to lessen the impact
of disasters is called disaster management.”
(Merriam Webster’s)
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT…
A continuous and integrated process of planning
, organizing , coordinating and implementing
measures which are necessary for:
 Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster
 Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity
or consequences
 Capacity building
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT…
 Preparedness to deal with any disaster
 Prompt response to any threatening disaster
situation
 Assessing the severity and magnitude of any
disaster
 Evacuation , rescue and relief
 Rehabilitation and reconstruction
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
SUMMARY
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
REFERENCES
 G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, D. Hilhorst (eds.)
(2003). Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters,
Development and People. ISBN1-85383-964-7
 Jump up^D. Alexander (2002). Principles of
Emergency planning and Management.
Harpended: Terra publishing. ISBN903544-10-
6.
2/19/2017
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SocialissuesafterDisaster
REFERENCE CONT…
 Jump up^B. Wisner; P. Blaikie; T. Cannon & I.
Davis (2004). At Risk - Natural hazards,
people's vulnerability and disasters. Wiltshire:
Routledge. ISBN0-415-25216-4.
 Jump up^Lee Davis (2008). "Natural
Disasters". Infobase Publishing. p.7. ISBN 0-
8160-7000-8
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Social issues after disaster (2)

  • 1. GROUND RULES  Be attentive  Switch off your cell phones & laptops  Do not talk  Do not leave the room during presentation  Question & answers will be treated at the end of presentation 2/19/2017 1 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 3. SOCIAL ISSUES AFTER DISASTER Presented By: N/C Saira Riaz BSc Gen 3rd Year 6th Semester Faculty: Maj Farhat Jabeen 2/19/2017 3 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 4. OBJECTIVES At the end of this presentation the learner will be able to:  Define disaster  Classify the disaster  Explain natural and man made disasters  Describe social issues after disaster  Learn psychological issues after disaster  Elaborate social issues during disaster  Define disaster management  Discuss disaster management 2/19/2017 4 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 5. DISASTER “Any occurrence that can cause damage, ecological disruption. loss of human life, deterioration of health and health care services on a scale, sufficient warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area” (WHO) 2/19/2017 5 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 6. DISASTER CONT… ”Something (such as a flood, tornado, fire, plane crash, etc.) that happens suddenly and causes much suffering or loss to many people”  Something that has a very bad effect  Result a complete or terrible failure (Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary) 2/19/2017 6 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 8. NATURAL DISASTER “A sudden and terrible event in nature (such as a hurricane, tornado, or flood) that usually results in serious damage and many deaths” (Merriam Webster) 2/19/2017 8 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 9. CAUSES OF NATURAL DISASTERS:  A natural disaster is a disruption in the balance of the environment  Planetary Heat Exchangers  Rising Sea Levels and Deforestation  When the Ground Convulses  Regional distribution 2/19/2017 9 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 10. TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER There are different types of natural disaster. Flood: When an expanse of water overflows, it submerges land and destroys everything that gets in its way. This is a flood. 2/19/2017 10 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 11. TORNADOS  “Tornadoes are violent , rotating, funnel- shaped clouds that usually extend from thunderstorms to the ground and have wind speeds of between 50 and 300 mph.”  Damage exceed 50 miles in some cases. 2/19/2017 11 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 12. EXTREME TEMPRATURES  Extreme temperatures caused by a heat wave or cold wave are one of many climatologically hazards. A heat wave increases the temperature in a certain region and pushes the human body beyond its limit. 2/19/2017 12 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 13. AVALANCHES:  “Geophysical hazard caused by a large amount of snow sliding down a mountainside is called avalanches.” 2/19/2017 13 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 14. AVALANCHES CONT…  When an avalanche moves towards ground level, it gains mass by amassing snow from the snowpack and is usually at its highest speed when it gets nearer to the bottom of the slope. 2/19/2017 14 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 15. DROUGHT: “A drought occurs when a region doesn't receive enough rainfall which leads to a severe deficiency in the water supply.”  When the situation persists over an extended period, it changes the ecosystem and destroys the agriculture of the region. 2/19/2017 15 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 16. WILDFIRE:  In the United States, over 90% of wildfires are caused when people leave campfires unattended, discard cigarettes carelessly, etc., but long-lasting lightning bolts can also start a fire in wild lands. 2/19/2017 16 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 17. TSUNAMI: “A powerful earthquake, underwater explosions, landslides, or volcanic eruptions under the ocean floor is called tsunami.”  Deadliest types of natural disasters.  Tremendous damage  Affect millions of people 2/19/2017 17 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 18. VOLCANO ERUPTION: “When magma from the earth's upper mantle moves to the surface is called volcano eruption.” 2/19/2017 18 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 19. VOLCANO ERUPTION CONT…  Takes the form of a pool filled with molten rock. A volcano erupts when pressure builds.  Cause hot ash flows, lava flows, lateral blasts, falling ash, and avalanches.  Can often trigger flash floods, tsunamis, mudflows, earthquakes, and rock falls. 2/19/2017 19 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 20. HURRICANES:  A closed circulation system in the atmosphere that consists of strong winds and low pressure.  The winds rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere. 2/19/2017 20 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 21. EARTHQUAKE:  Types of natural disasters that strike without an early warning.  Result of the sudden break within the upper crust of the earth, which may also break the surface and lead to the vibration of the ground. 2/19/2017 21 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 22. MAN MADE DISASTERS  “A disastrous event caused directly and principally by one or more identifiable deliberate or negligent human actions. Also called human-made disaster.” (William Webster’s) 2/19/2017 22 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 23. CAUSES OF MANMADE DISASTERS There are many causes of manmade disasters.  Negligence  Oil spilling  Nuclear bombing and testing  Lack of fund, proper intervention, inspection and education  Terrorism  Pollution 2/19/2017 23 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 25. TYPES OF MANMADE DISASTERS  There are different types of manmade disasters.  Nuclear disaster  Biological disasters  Chemical disasters  Fire accidents  Road accidents  Terrorism  Epidemic 2/19/2017 25 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 26. NUCLEAR DISASTER  “An event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility." Examples include lethal effects to individuals, large radioactivity release to the environment, or reactor core melt." 2/19/2017 26 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 27. BIOLOGICAL DISASTER  “Biological disasters are outbreaks of diseases or contagions of plant and animal life on an epidemic or pandemic level or infestations of animal or insect life on an epidemic or pandemic level” Examples:  Biological disasters include cholera and influenza H1N1 (swine flu). 2/19/2017 27 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 28. CHEMICAL DISASTER  “A chemical accident is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment.” 2/19/2017 28 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 29. FIRE ACCIDENTS  “One which arises in consequence of some human agency, without any intention, or which happens by some natural cause, without human agency.” 2/19/2017 29 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 30. ROAD ACCIDENTS  “The accident occuring when a vehicle that is moving along a roadway collides with another vehicle or object is called road traffic accident.” 2/19/2017 30 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 31. TERRORISM  “The use of violent acts to frighten the people in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal.” 2/19/2017 31 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 32. EPIDEMIC  “A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.” 2/19/2017 32 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 33. IMPACTS OF DISASTER ON SOCIETY  Displaced Populations One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population displacement.  When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature, many people have to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. 2/19/2017 33 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 34. IMPACTS CONT…  A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water. 2/19/2017 34 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 35. IMPACTS CONT…  Health Risks it is the second most damaging effect of disaster.  Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.  Without emergency relief from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise even after the immediate danger has passed. 2/19/2017 35 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 36. IMPACTS CONT…  Food Scarcity After natural disasters, food often becomes scarce.  Thousands of people around the world go hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought. 2/19/2017 36 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 37. IMPACTS CONT…  Food prices rise, reducing families’ purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition or worse.  The impacts of hunger following an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be tremendous, causing lifelong damage to children’s development. 2/19/2017 37 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 38. IMPACTS CONT…  Emotional Aftershocks Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.  Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma. 2/19/2017 38 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 39. IMPACTS CONT…  Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and emotional distress. 2/19/2017 39 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 40. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF DISASTER  Following are the psychological impcts of disaster ;  post-traumatic stress  Grief and loss  Fear,anxiety and insecurity  Confusion and guilt 2/19/2017 40 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 41. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS CONT…  Post-traumatic stress; Young people can ‘act out’ when they are grieving or traumatised. They can become aggressive or irritable and start having problems at school.  Grief and loss; People who have survived a natural disaster often feel a sense of grief and loss. They may have lost family members, friends, neighbours, pets, their homes and cherished possessions. 2/19/2017 41 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 42. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS CONT…  Fear anxiety and insecurity;  Natural disasters often impact the entire community and this can affect a young person’s sense of security and normality. Sometimes people continue to feel anxious, frightened and unsafe for weeks after the disaster, despite being physically safe. 2/19/2017 42 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 43. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS CONT…  Confusion and guilt; survivors of a disaster feel guilty that they have survived while others have not, or feel guilty that they were unable to prevent or control the disaster. 2/19/2017 43 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 44. SOCIAL ISSUES DURING DISASTER  Food crisis  Health hazards  Revaged infrastructure  Unemployment and economic loss  Militancy and crimes 2/19/2017 44 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 45. DISASTER MANAGMENT “ Organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters is called disaster management.” (Merriam Webster’s) 2/19/2017 45 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 46. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT… A continuous and integrated process of planning , organizing , coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for:  Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster  Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences  Capacity building 2/19/2017 46 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 47. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT…  Preparedness to deal with any disaster  Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation  Assessing the severity and magnitude of any disaster  Evacuation , rescue and relief  Rehabilitation and reconstruction 2/19/2017 47 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 50. REFERENCES  G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, D. Hilhorst (eds.) (2003). Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People. ISBN1-85383-964-7  Jump up^D. Alexander (2002). Principles of Emergency planning and Management. Harpended: Terra publishing. ISBN903544-10- 6. 2/19/2017 50 SocialissuesafterDisaster
  • 51. REFERENCE CONT…  Jump up^B. Wisner; P. Blaikie; T. Cannon & I. Davis (2004). At Risk - Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Wiltshire: Routledge. ISBN0-415-25216-4.  Jump up^Lee Davis (2008). "Natural Disasters". Infobase Publishing. p.7. ISBN 0- 8160-7000-8 2/19/2017 51 SocialissuesafterDisaster