Define disaster
Classify the disaster
Explain natural and man made disasters
Describe social issues after disaster
Learn psychological issues after disaster
Elaborate social issues during disaster
Define disaster management
Discuss disaster management
1. GROUND RULES
Be attentive
Switch off your cell phones & laptops
Do not talk
Do not leave the room during presentation
Question & answers will be treated at the end
of presentation
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3. SOCIAL ISSUES AFTER DISASTER
Presented By:
N/C Saira Riaz
BSc Gen 3rd Year 6th Semester
Faculty:
Maj Farhat Jabeen
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4. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation the learner will
be able to:
Define disaster
Classify the disaster
Explain natural and man made disasters
Describe social issues after disaster
Learn psychological issues after disaster
Elaborate social issues during disaster
Define disaster management
Discuss disaster management
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5. DISASTER
“Any occurrence that can cause damage,
ecological disruption. loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health care
services on a scale, sufficient warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the
affected community or area”
(WHO)
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6. DISASTER CONT…
”Something (such as a flood, tornado, fire, plane
crash, etc.) that happens suddenly and causes
much suffering or loss to many people”
Something that has a very bad effect
Result a complete or terrible failure
(Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary)
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8. NATURAL DISASTER
“A sudden and terrible event in nature (such as
a hurricane, tornado, or flood) that usually
results in serious damage and many deaths”
(Merriam Webster)
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9. CAUSES OF NATURAL DISASTERS:
A natural disaster is a disruption in the balance
of the environment
Planetary Heat Exchangers
Rising Sea Levels and Deforestation
When the Ground Convulses
Regional distribution
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10. TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER
There are different types of natural disaster.
Flood:
When an expanse of water overflows, it
submerges land and
destroys everything
that gets in its way.
This is a flood.
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11. TORNADOS
“Tornadoes are violent , rotating, funnel-
shaped
clouds that usually
extend from thunderstorms
to the ground and have
wind speeds of between
50 and 300 mph.”
Damage exceed 50 miles
in some cases.
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12. EXTREME TEMPRATURES
Extreme temperatures caused by a heat wave
or cold wave
are one of many climatologically
hazards. A heat wave
increases the temperature
in a certain region
and pushes the human
body beyond its limit.
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13. AVALANCHES:
“Geophysical hazard caused by a large
amount of snow
sliding down a mountainside
is called avalanches.”
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14. AVALANCHES CONT…
When an avalanche moves towards ground
level, it gains mass by amassing snow from the
snowpack and is usually at its highest speed
when it gets nearer to the bottom of the slope.
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15. DROUGHT:
“A drought occurs when a region doesn't receive
enough rainfall
which leads to a severe
deficiency in the water supply.”
When the situation
persists over an
extended period, it changes
the ecosystem and
destroys the agriculture
of the region.
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16. WILDFIRE:
In the United States, over 90% of wildfires are
caused when
people leave campfires
unattended, discard cigarettes
carelessly, etc., but
long-lasting lightning
bolts can also start a
fire in wild lands.
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17. TSUNAMI:
“A powerful earthquake, underwater explosions,
landslides, or volcanic eruptions under the
ocean floor is called tsunami.”
Deadliest types of
natural disasters.
Tremendous damage
Affect millions of people
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18. VOLCANO ERUPTION:
“When magma from the earth's upper mantle
moves to the surface is called volcano
eruption.”
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19. VOLCANO ERUPTION CONT…
Takes the form of a pool filled with molten
rock. A volcano erupts when pressure builds.
Cause hot ash flows, lava flows, lateral blasts,
falling ash, and avalanches.
Can often trigger flash floods, tsunamis,
mudflows, earthquakes, and rock falls.
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20. HURRICANES:
A closed circulation system in the atmosphere
that consists
of strong winds and
low pressure.
The winds rotate
clockwise in the southern
hemisphere and counter
clockwise in the
northern hemisphere.
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21. EARTHQUAKE:
Types of natural disasters that strike without
an early warning.
Result of the sudden
break within the upper
crust of the earth, which
may also break the
surface and lead to
the vibration of the
ground.
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22. MAN MADE DISASTERS
“A disastrous event caused directly and
principally by one or more identifiable
deliberate or negligent human actions. Also
called human-made disaster.”
(William Webster’s)
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23. CAUSES OF MANMADE DISASTERS
There are many causes of manmade disasters.
Negligence
Oil spilling
Nuclear bombing and testing
Lack of fund, proper intervention, inspection
and education
Terrorism
Pollution
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25. TYPES OF MANMADE DISASTERS
There are different types of manmade
disasters.
Nuclear disaster
Biological disasters
Chemical disasters
Fire accidents
Road accidents
Terrorism
Epidemic
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26. NUCLEAR DISASTER
“An event that has led to significant
consequences to people,
the environment or the
facility." Examples include
lethal effects to individuals,
large radioactivity release
to the environment,
or reactor core melt."
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27. BIOLOGICAL DISASTER
“Biological disasters are outbreaks of diseases
or contagions of plant and animal life on an
epidemic or pandemic level or infestations of
animal or insect life on an epidemic or
pandemic level”
Examples:
Biological disasters include cholera and
influenza H1N1 (swine flu).
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28. CHEMICAL DISASTER
“A chemical accident is the unintentional
release of one or more hazardous substances
which could harm human health or the
environment.”
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29. FIRE ACCIDENTS
“One which arises in consequence of some
human agency,
without any intention,
or which happens by
some natural cause,
without human agency.”
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30. ROAD ACCIDENTS
“The accident occuring when a vehicle that is
moving along a roadway collides with another
vehicle or object is called road traffic
accident.”
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31. TERRORISM
“The use of violent acts to frighten the people
in an area
as a way of trying to
achieve a political
goal.”
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32. EPIDEMIC
“A widespread occurrence of an infectious
disease in a community at a particular time.”
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33. IMPACTS OF DISASTER ON
SOCIETY
Displaced Populations
One of the most immediate effects of natural
disasters is population displacement.
When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or
other powerful forces of nature, many people
have to abandon their homes and seek shelter
in other regions.
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34. IMPACTS CONT…
A large influx of refugees can disrupt
accessibility of health care and education, as
well as food supplies and clean water.
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35. IMPACTS CONT…
Health Risks
it is the second most damaging effect of
disaster.
Severe flooding can result in stagnant water
that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria
and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
Without emergency relief from international aid
organizations and others, death tolls can rise
even after the immediate danger has passed.
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36. IMPACTS CONT…
Food Scarcity
After natural disasters, food often becomes
scarce.
Thousands of people around the world go
hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss
of agricultural supplies, whether it happens
suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.
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37. IMPACTS CONT…
Food prices rise, reducing families’ purchasing
power and increasing the risk of severe
malnutrition or worse.
The impacts of hunger following an
earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be
tremendous, causing lifelong damage to
children’s development.
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38. IMPACTS CONT…
Emotional Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic
for young children.
Confronted with scenes of destruction and the
deaths of friends and loved ones, many
children develop post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological
condition resulting from extreme trauma.
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39. IMPACTS CONT…
Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD
can be prone to lasting psychological damage
and emotional distress.
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40. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF
DISASTER
Following are the psychological impcts of
disaster ;
post-traumatic stress
Grief and loss
Fear,anxiety and insecurity
Confusion and guilt
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41. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
CONT…
Post-traumatic stress;
Young people can ‘act out’ when they are
grieving or traumatised. They can become
aggressive or irritable and start having
problems at school.
Grief and loss;
People who have survived a natural disaster
often feel a sense of grief and loss. They may
have lost family members, friends,
neighbours, pets, their homes and cherished
possessions.
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42. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
CONT…
Fear anxiety and insecurity;
Natural disasters often impact the entire
community and this can affect a young
person’s sense of security and normality.
Sometimes people continue to feel anxious,
frightened and unsafe for weeks after the
disaster, despite being physically safe.
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43. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
CONT…
Confusion and guilt;
survivors of a disaster feel guilty that they
have survived while others have not, or feel
guilty that they were unable to prevent or
control the disaster.
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44. SOCIAL ISSUES DURING DISASTER
Food crisis
Health hazards
Revaged infrastructure
Unemployment and economic loss
Militancy and crimes
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45. DISASTER MANAGMENT
“ Organization and management of resources
and responsibilities for dealing with all
humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in
particular preparedness, response and
recovery in order to lessen the impact
of disasters is called disaster management.”
(Merriam Webster’s)
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46. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT…
A continuous and integrated process of planning
, organizing , coordinating and implementing
measures which are necessary for:
Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster
Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity
or consequences
Capacity building
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47. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT…
Preparedness to deal with any disaster
Prompt response to any threatening disaster
situation
Assessing the severity and magnitude of any
disaster
Evacuation , rescue and relief
Rehabilitation and reconstruction
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50. REFERENCES
G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, D. Hilhorst (eds.)
(2003). Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters,
Development and People. ISBN1-85383-964-7
Jump up^D. Alexander (2002). Principles of
Emergency planning and Management.
Harpended: Terra publishing. ISBN903544-10-
6.
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51. REFERENCE CONT…
Jump up^B. Wisner; P. Blaikie; T. Cannon & I.
Davis (2004). At Risk - Natural hazards,
people's vulnerability and disasters. Wiltshire:
Routledge. ISBN0-415-25216-4.
Jump up^Lee Davis (2008). "Natural
Disasters". Infobase Publishing. p.7. ISBN 0-
8160-7000-8
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