These diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agents it can be spread by physical contact through air, water, or touching an infected person. some major communicable diseases are as follows: 1.malaria 2.typhoid 3.mumps. 4.chicken pox 5.whooping cough 6.diptheria 7.madras eye 8.measles 9.cholera and 10.HIV

2. • Malaria has been a major disease caused by protozoa genus
plasmodium.
• There are 4 species causing disease are p.vivax, p.ovale,
p.falciparum, p.mlariae.
• Malaria is spread by the bite of female mosquitoes genus
anopheles.
• P.falciparum causes severe disease.
Symptoms- fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,
abdominal pain, cough occurs occasionally
1st 15-60 min cold stage with shivering & feeling cold
2nd 2-6hours hot stage with fever reaching 41°c,sweat,dry skin
3rd 2-4hours sweating stage fever drops rapidly

3. CONTROL
Primaquinone
Quinine
Quinidine
Doxycycline
PREVENTION
Avoid contact wit mosquitoes by wearing protective clothes
Use insect repellent N,N-diethyl mtoluamide(DEET)
Sleeping under bednets
For travelling mefloquinone and doxcycline are accepted

4. CHOLERA
It is a severe diahhoreal disease caused by bacterium
family vibrionaceae
It is an acute illness wit mild or without symtoms
Severe disease carries vomitting, watery diarrhoea, leg
cramps
Causative agent

5. Symptoms
loss of fluid leads to acidosis & shock
Watery diahhorea called “rice water stool”
The loss of potassium ions results in cardiac complications & circulatory
failure
Treatment
rapid intravenous replacement of the lost fluid & ions
Administration of isotonic solution
Antibiotics & chemotherapeutic agents have no values in cholera therapy

6. TYPHOID
Enteric fever caused by small group of bacteria called salmonella
14-27 lakhs people affected by enteric fever every year
Disease transmitted through the excreta of patients
Typhoid occurs only in human
Causative agent
S.Typhi
S.Paratyphi A
S.Paratyphi B
S.Paratyphi C
SYMTOMS
Fever, rash, coated tongue, head ache, vomitting, diarrhoea, dry cough
etc.

7. Prevention
Safe drinking water
Safe disposal of human sewage
High standard of food hygiene
Care in detecting monitoring and treating chronic
carriers
Drink boiled or chlorinated water
Take typhoid vaccine
Prepare food carefully
Avoid eating raw eggs

8. MEASLES
It is caused by a virus and it attack mostly children.

9. Treatment
1.Anti measles injection
2.Patient should be isolated
3.Weak children should be given injection of
gamma
4.Easily digestible food and fruit juices should
be given

10. Madras eye or
Eye
conjunctivitis
 The virus viral kerato is responsible for this eye disease and
spreads through air and water.
 The Chennai Dr . Patrick was the 1st to discovered in 1918
that a particular virus is responsible for this disease
 This is seen mostly during winter season in the month of oct
and nov.
 Symptoms eyes become reddish and irritation occurs
watering and inflammation lasts for 10-15 days.
 Treatment ophthalmologist should be approached to get
eye drops it is applied 5 times a day.
 Washing the eyes using sterilised warm water.

11. CHICKEN POX
It is caused by virus commonly found in children
It last for 2 weeks
Symptoms face becomes reddish and bouts of fever
can be experienced, reddish rashes appear which later
become varicella eruption on the skin.
Precautions
Immunisable injection
The affected child should be isolated
Light food should be given
Clothes should be clean and sterile
Neem leaves are applied gently.

12. WHOOPING COUGH
• This is found among children characterized by
violent convulsive cough.
• Fits and consisting of several expirations
followed by a sonorous inspiration or whoop
• Treatment immunisation injection given in the
form of triple injection also develops immunity
• Chloromycetin is highly effective

13. MUMPS
This is due to a virus appears in saliva
It spreads through sneeze or whoop
The glands near the jaw become inflamed.
Treatment
simple food, proper rest and sleep, cold should be
prevented , giving hot water fomentation reduces
pains near the jaw, patient should be isolated.

14. DIPTHERIA
Disease spreads through direct physical
contact and through housefly.
Infectious agents are carried through air
Symptoms intense pain and inflammation in
the throat, in acute condition people cannot
gulp water.
Film gets developed in the glands

15. Treatment
patient should be isolated, things which are
used by the patient should be sterilized, serum
injection and anti-toxic injections.