Presentation at Medical Peace Work Workshop at The University of Nairobi;

1. Violence Prevention & Possibilities for
Health Professionals
RAPUDO HAWI
Medical Peace Workshop, April 12th & 13th, 2014

2. Crime and Violence are Separate Concepts
Crime is an act that violates a law.
Violence is the intentional use of physical force,
threatened or actual, that can lead to injury, death,
psychological harm, or deprivation.
Both undermine citizen security, the fundamental
right to live and develop in a safe environment.
Violence prevention is
• Springboard for Knowledge Sharing
• Policy evidence for Legislative + Institutional change
• Viable mechanism for Citizen Involvement &
Participation

3. Crime and Violence are Separate Concepts
Crime is an act that violates a law.
Violence is the intentional use of physical force,
threatened or actual, that can lead to injury, death,
psychological harm, or deprivation.
Both undermine citizen security, the fundamental
right to live and develop in a safe environment.
Violence prevention is
• Springboard for Knowledge Sharing
• Policy evidence for Legislative + Institutional change
• Viable mechanism for Citizen Involvement &
Participation

4. Re-engineering Our Thinking
OLD
The State v. the Offender
Offender breaking the
criminal code
Solution:
1. Punishment and
Deterrence
2. Change offenders’
disposition to commit
crime
Victim Offender
Situation
Solution:
Intervene in the situation/ risk
factors that produces Violence
NEW

5. Theory of Change
Changes from Violence Prevention
a) Increase feelings of safety (for residents); and,
b) Decrease incidents of Violence and Crime
Community identified 3 conditions to achieve these
changes:
+ + =
Safe and
welcoming
physical
environment
Actively
engaged
residents
Actively
engaged
and
responsive
partners
FEELINGS
OF SAFETY
INCIDENTS
OF violence

6. Risk factors accumulate in Community/Institutions
6
SOCIETAL
COMMUNITY
SCHOOLS/HOSPITAL/
PEERS
FAMILY
INDIVIDUAL
Ecological Risk Model
(Source: WHO, 2002)
Examples of Risk Factors:
• Societal level: culture of violence, high
levels of inequality; organized crime
• Community level: gun and drug
availability, low social cohesion and
trust, urban decay
• Schools/Hospital/Peers level: peers
who are gang members, school
violence, health related
• Family level: harsh parenting style;
domestic violence and abuse; drug
abuse
• Individual-level: biological (gender,
age); low self esteem; inability to
regulate emotions

7. Multi-Sectoral Approach
Promote integrated and multi-sectoral
approaches in violence prevention
Targeting Risk +
vulnerable groups
Social prevention
Situational
prevention-
Space related
Strengthening criminal
justice institutions
Police
Judiciary
Prisons
Linking local to
national
Violence
Observatory
National
Government
Policies
County
Government Plans

8. 1. Community Safety Forum as launch-pad for partners
/At-risk groups
2. Crime Data, Patterns and trends from Kisii Police
Station + Chief Office + Ram Hospital + Children Office into
Observatory
3. Community Safety Audit + Plan Consultations with
Core team-FBO, Chamber of Commerce, YWCA, Hospital,
County government, Planning Department & Police Station
4. Training and Capacity Building: World Bank Institute
and Kenya School of Government-Crime and Violence
Prevention, CJPC Safety Audit & Crime Observatory
Navigating Prevention In Community

9. Safety Data for Violence Prevention
• 73 % high prevalence of Drug and
substance abuse. Youth at Car wash
were likely offenders arrested on
suspicion of handling stolen goods
every month.
• Poor utilization and Management
of Public Space. 10,000 Motorbikes
operating in Town valued at Kshs 800
million, but risk ½ of revenue to
injuries, insecurity or accidents
• 65% strong association between
Sexual Based Violence and Alcohol
abuse. 200 entertainments spots
employ about 1,000 bar
attendants exposed to sexual
assault, rape, support teen
prostitution, drug/Alcohol abuse,
84 % existence of vigilantes, 52% pay for
protective services
Kisii Police Station crime report: Petty crimes
were 5917 of 6678 (2008), 5816 of 6475 (2009) ,
4209 of 4891 (2010) and 1139 of (2011)

11. Mobilizing Communities into Violence Prevention
Community Safety Strategies
1. Community priorities-Public
Spaces; Youth Violence, Drugs
and substance abuse; Restoring
formal Justice
2. Community Forum- 50% (At
risk groups) + 30% (Community)
+ 20% partners/Govt actors
3. Community Action Plans
• Local Safety Initiative
• Collect data on crime and
violence
• Monitor policing service
delivery + Accountability
• Document Community voices

12. Journey + Stories + Photos

13. 0 Example of Car Wash Risk As Champion of Prevention
Facts and Data
Group Daily Income for 15 members = 15
members X Kshs 600 X 30 days= Kshs
270,000
10 Carwash income in Kisii – Kshs 2.7
Million
Loss ½ of savings to drugs , Alcohol,
injuries and police arrests = 1 million
Work with them
1) Regulations restricts use of alcohol and
drugs at the station
2) Campaign on alcohol and drugs as
hindrance to investment and youth
innovation
3) Partnership + Matchup scheme for
those give up alcohol and drug
4) Customer Satisfaction feedback (desk)

14. Possibilities for Health Professional
Functions Partnership
Assessment and
Research
• Hospital Observatory that has data + facts on Community, Intimate
Partner, Domestic violence
• Educational Research on Violence prevention
• Documentation and Reporting of Best Practices (HIV/AIDS,
Collaborations and
Participation
• Model for Doctor – Patient Conflict Violence
• Community consultations /projects for (youth (rehabilitation + other risk
groups) that offer alternative-to-violence
• Communication systems that help share information on plans and
policies regarding violence prevention- (Web platform for pregnant
mothers )
• Space utilization and Management within Health facilities that cause
injuries, accidents and death
Preparedness and
Planning
• Emergency response campaign for area prone to disaster victims
• Skills programs on first aid, mediation and conflict transformation
Laws and Regulations • Policy advocacy on laws regarding forensic evidence,
• Review Health professional’s within county framework regarding violence
prevention

15. Thank You & For
enquiries
Tel: 0720975498
Email: rapudo.hawi@usalamaforum.org
www.usalamaforum.org