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BY-
RAMYA DEEPTHI PULI
VIJAY MARIE COLLEGE OF NURSING
 Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes
a bowing or rounding of the back, which leads
to a hunchnack or stouching posture.
 There are three main
types of kyphosis.
 They are-
1. Postural
kyphosis
2. Scheuemann’s
kyphosis
3. Congenital
kyphosis
 It is the most common type of kyphosis.
 More common in girls than in boys which is typically noticed in
adolescent age.
 It is caused by poor posture and weakening of the muscle, ligaments
in the back (paraspinous muscles)
 The vertebrae are typically placed in postural kyphosis.
 It progressively gets worse with time.
 These people will have symptoms of pain and muscle fatigue.
 It is also first noticed
during adolescence
period.
 It is a result of structural
deformity
 It commonly develops
with scoliosis
 Reasons are not well
understood.
 It is the least common type of abnormal kyphosis.
 It is caused by abnormal development of the
vertebrae prior to birth
 Occurs due to fusion of many vertebrae together.
 It can occur at any age
 Very rare at birth
 Postural kyphosis occurs
as a result of poor posture
and weakening of muscle
and ligaments
 Congenital kyphosis
occurs as a results of
improper development of
vertebrae or fusion of
vertebrae.
 Certain endocrine
disorders
 Connective tissue
disorders
 Infection
 Muscular dystrophy
 Poliomyelitis
 Spina bifida
 tumors
 Difficulty in breathing
(only in severe cases)
 Fatigue
 Mild back pain
 Round back appearance
 Tenderness and
stiffness
 X-ray spine
 PFT
 MRI
Treatment depends upon the cause of disorder
 Congenital kyphosis requires corrective surgery
at early age.
 Scheuemann’s disorder is treated with braces
and physical therapy
 Kyphosis caused by tumors needs surgical
correction.
Kyphosis lordosis
 Scheuemann’s disorder in adolescents stops once
their growth stops.
 If the disorders occurs due to degenerative types,
then they may need a surgical correction.
 Decreased lung capacity
 Disabling pain
 Neurological symptoms including legWeakening
or paralysis
 Round back deformity.
LORDOSIS
 A normal spine when viewed from behind
appears straight .
 Lordosis is a medical term used to describe an
inward curvature of a portion of the lumbar
and cervical vertebral column.
 Cause of lordosis has been linked to
achondroplasia and spondylolisthesis
 Lordosis is also associated with poor posture,
a congenital problem with the vertebrae,
neuromuscular problems, back surgery or a
hip problem.
 In children rickets may also leads to lordosis.
Kyphosis lordosis
 Prominence of buttocks
 Back pain
 Pain down the legs
 X- rays: done to measure and evaluate curve.
 Bone scans: to evaluate degenerative or
arthritic changes.Also helps to find out bone
tumors
 MRI: to rule out associated problems
 CT scan
 Blood investigations.
Early detection of Lordosis is important for
proper and successful treatment
 Based on-
 Childs age, overall health, medical history,
cause and extent of the condition.
 Goal of treatment is to stop the progression
of the curve, prevent deformity
 Simple exercises are sufficient , If Lordosis is
associated with poor posture
 Prognosis depends on child's age, amount of
curvature
 Requires frequent examination by the
physician to monitor curve as the child grows
and develop.
 Early detection helps in proper management.
SCOLIOLSIS
 Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine.
 As the spine curve, the vertebrae rotate, pulling
the ribs along.
 Generally a sideway curvature greater than 10
degrees is considered scoliosis.
 Depending on the etiology, scoliosis is of 3
major types:
1. Congenital
2. Neuromuscular
3. Idiopathic
 Embryologic malformation of spine during 3rd to
5thembryonic life
 Localized or generalized deformity:
1. Hemivertebra ( only half formed)
2. Failure in segmentations (vertebra segments do not
fully separate)
3. Rib fusion
 Secondary or neuropathic (polio myelitis,
cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele) which
results in imbalance.
 Initially flexible, become rigid a sit progress.
 Long C- Curvature generalized
neuromuscular disease with severe muscle
weakness.
 S- Curve similar to idiopathic scoliosis occurs
as a result of localized muscle imbalance.
Kyphosis lordosis
 Occurs n first years of life
 Associated with intrauterine position
 Boys are more affected
 Usually left thoracic curve is seen.
 Occurs in middle childhood
 Usually around 6 years
 Usually right thoracic curve
 Both sexes are equally affected.
 Occurs between age 10 and skeletal maturity
 Sven times more common in girls.
 Various curves are possible
 Fairly common
 Majority are left curved.
Kyphosis lordosis

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Kyphosis lordosis

  • 1. BY- RAMYA DEEPTHI PULI VIJAY MARIE COLLEGE OF NURSING
  • 2.  Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back, which leads to a hunchnack or stouching posture.
  • 3.  There are three main types of kyphosis.  They are- 1. Postural kyphosis 2. Scheuemann’s kyphosis 3. Congenital kyphosis
  • 4.  It is the most common type of kyphosis.  More common in girls than in boys which is typically noticed in adolescent age.  It is caused by poor posture and weakening of the muscle, ligaments in the back (paraspinous muscles)  The vertebrae are typically placed in postural kyphosis.  It progressively gets worse with time.  These people will have symptoms of pain and muscle fatigue.
  • 5.  It is also first noticed during adolescence period.  It is a result of structural deformity  It commonly develops with scoliosis  Reasons are not well understood.
  • 6.  It is the least common type of abnormal kyphosis.  It is caused by abnormal development of the vertebrae prior to birth  Occurs due to fusion of many vertebrae together.
  • 7.  It can occur at any age  Very rare at birth  Postural kyphosis occurs as a result of poor posture and weakening of muscle and ligaments  Congenital kyphosis occurs as a results of improper development of vertebrae or fusion of vertebrae.
  • 8.  Certain endocrine disorders  Connective tissue disorders  Infection  Muscular dystrophy  Poliomyelitis  Spina bifida  tumors
  • 9.  Difficulty in breathing (only in severe cases)  Fatigue  Mild back pain  Round back appearance  Tenderness and stiffness
  • 10.  X-ray spine  PFT  MRI
  • 11. Treatment depends upon the cause of disorder  Congenital kyphosis requires corrective surgery at early age.  Scheuemann’s disorder is treated with braces and physical therapy  Kyphosis caused by tumors needs surgical correction.
  • 13.  Scheuemann’s disorder in adolescents stops once their growth stops.  If the disorders occurs due to degenerative types, then they may need a surgical correction.
  • 14.  Decreased lung capacity  Disabling pain  Neurological symptoms including legWeakening or paralysis  Round back deformity.
  • 16.  A normal spine when viewed from behind appears straight .  Lordosis is a medical term used to describe an inward curvature of a portion of the lumbar and cervical vertebral column.
  • 17.  Cause of lordosis has been linked to achondroplasia and spondylolisthesis  Lordosis is also associated with poor posture, a congenital problem with the vertebrae, neuromuscular problems, back surgery or a hip problem.  In children rickets may also leads to lordosis.
  • 19.  Prominence of buttocks  Back pain  Pain down the legs
  • 20.  X- rays: done to measure and evaluate curve.  Bone scans: to evaluate degenerative or arthritic changes.Also helps to find out bone tumors  MRI: to rule out associated problems  CT scan  Blood investigations. Early detection of Lordosis is important for proper and successful treatment
  • 21.  Based on-  Childs age, overall health, medical history, cause and extent of the condition.  Goal of treatment is to stop the progression of the curve, prevent deformity  Simple exercises are sufficient , If Lordosis is associated with poor posture
  • 22.  Prognosis depends on child's age, amount of curvature  Requires frequent examination by the physician to monitor curve as the child grows and develop.  Early detection helps in proper management.
  • 24.  Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine.  As the spine curve, the vertebrae rotate, pulling the ribs along.  Generally a sideway curvature greater than 10 degrees is considered scoliosis.
  • 25.  Depending on the etiology, scoliosis is of 3 major types: 1. Congenital 2. Neuromuscular 3. Idiopathic
  • 26.  Embryologic malformation of spine during 3rd to 5thembryonic life  Localized or generalized deformity: 1. Hemivertebra ( only half formed) 2. Failure in segmentations (vertebra segments do not fully separate) 3. Rib fusion
  • 27.  Secondary or neuropathic (polio myelitis, cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele) which results in imbalance.  Initially flexible, become rigid a sit progress.  Long C- Curvature generalized neuromuscular disease with severe muscle weakness.  S- Curve similar to idiopathic scoliosis occurs as a result of localized muscle imbalance.
  • 29.  Occurs n first years of life  Associated with intrauterine position  Boys are more affected  Usually left thoracic curve is seen.
  • 30.  Occurs in middle childhood  Usually around 6 years  Usually right thoracic curve  Both sexes are equally affected.
  • 31.  Occurs between age 10 and skeletal maturity  Sven times more common in girls.  Various curves are possible  Fairly common  Majority are left curved.