This document contains a 50 question multiple choice quiz about lipids and lipoproteins. The questions cover topics like polyunsaturated fatty acids, triglyceride composition, lipoprotein properties, and sphingolipid structures. For each question, the correct answer is provided along with a brief explanation. The quiz tests understanding of lipid chemistry, classification, and the roles of different lipoproteins in transporting lipids in the body.

1. Multiple Choice Questions
in
Biochemistry
RC Gupta
MD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Biochemistry
National Institute of Medical Sciences,
Jaipur, India

2. Chapter 2 - Chemistry of Lipids
Note – Choose the correct answer. Answers with explanation are given at the end.
1. The following is a polyunsaturated fatty acid:
A. Palmitic acid B. Palmitoleic acid C. Linoleic acid D. Oleic acid
2. The following is not a polyunsaturated fatty acid:
A. Linoleic acid B. Palmitoleic acid C. Linolenic acid D. Arachidonic acid
3. The following is omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid:
A. Linoleic acid B. -Linolenic acid C. -Linolenic acid D. Arachidonic acid
4. A good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids is:
A. Butter B. Coconut oil
C. Cottonseed oil D. Hydrogenated vegetable oils
5. Triglycerides are:
A. Heavier than water B. Major constituents of membranes
C. Neutral fats D. Hydrophilic
6. The following is a glycerophospholipid:
A. Lecithin B. Phosphatidyl inositol
C. Cardiolipin D. All of these
7. Cerebronic acid is present in:
A. Glycerophospholipids B. Sphingophospholipids
C. Galactosyl ceramide D. Gangliosides
8. N-Acetylneuraminic acid is present in:
A. Phospholipids B. Cerebrosides C. Gangliosides D. Triglycerides
9. Sphingosine is not present in:
A. Cephalin B. Sphingomyelin C. Cerebrosides D. Sulphatides
10. Acylsphingosine is also known as:
A. Sphingomyelin B. Ceramide C. Cerebroside D. Sulphatide

3. 11. Specific gravity of very low-density lipoproteins is:
A. 0.95-1.006 B. 1.006-1.063 C. Below 0.95 D. Above 1.063
12. Protein content of low-density lipoproteins is about:
A. 1% B. 7-10% C. 21% D. 33-57%
13. Lipid content of chylomicrons is about:
A. 45% B. 75% C. 90% D. 99%
14. The highest phospholipid content is found in:
A. Chylomicrons B. VLDL C. LDL D. HDL
15. The major lipid in chylomicrons is:
A. Triglycerides B. Phospholipids C. Cholesterol D. Free fatty acids
16. Pre--lipoproteins are the same as:
A. Chylomicrons B. Very low-density lipoproteins
C. Low-density lipoproteins D. High-density lipoproteins
17. Number of carbon atoms in cholesterol is:
A. 17 B. 19 C. 27 D. 30
18. The lipoprotein richest in cholesterol is:
A. Chylomicrons B. VLDL C. LDL D. HDL
19. Free fatty acids are transported in circulation by:
A. Albumin B. HDL C. LDL D. VLDL
20. The major storage form of lipids is:
A. Esterified cholesterol B. Glycerophospholipids
C. Triglycerides D. Sphingolipids
21. Cerebronic acid is a:
A. Short chain fatty acid B. Medium chain fatty acid
C. Long chain fatty acid D. Very long chain fatty acid
22. Sphingosine is present in:
A. Lecithin B. Cephalin C. Ceramide D. Cardiolipin

4. 23. The nitrogenous base in lecithin is:
A. Ethanolamine B. Choline C. Serine D. Betaine
24. The nitrogenous base in cephalin is:
A. Ethanolamine B. Choline C. Serine D. Betaine
25. Hexosamines are present in:
A. Cerebrosides B. Sulphatides C. Gangliosides D. Sphingosine
26. All the following are omega-6 fatty acids except:
A. Linoleic acid B. -Linolenic acid C. -Linolenic acid D. Arachidonic acid
27. Neutral fats are esters of fatty acids and:
A. Cholesterol B. Glycerol C. Cetyl alcohol D. Sphingosine
28. Sphingosine is not present in:
A. Plasmalogens B. Cerebrosides C. Sulphatides D. Gangliosides
29. All the following have 18 carbon atoms except:
A. Linoleic acid B. Linolenic acid C. Arachidonic acid D. Stearic acid
30. All the following contain nitrogen except:
A. Lecithin B. Cephalin
C. Phosphatidyl inositol D. Phosphatidyl serine
31. The number of double bonds in linoleic acid is:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
32. The number of double bonds in linolenic acid is:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
33. The number of double bonds in arachidonic acid is:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
34. A 20-carbon fatty acid among the following is:
A. Linoleic acid B. -Linolenic acid C. -Linolenic acid D. Arachidonic acid
35. The following can be used as a measure of lipid peroxidation:
A. Hydrogen peroxide B. Endoperoxide
C. Hydroperoxide D. Malondialdehyde

5. 36. Triglycerides are transported from liver to extrahepatic tissues by:
A. Chylomicrons B. VLDL C. HDL D. LDL
37. Triglycerides are transported from intestines to extrahepatic tissues by:
A. Chylomicrons B. VLDL C. HDL D. LDL
38. Cholesterol is the precursor of:
A. Sex hormones B. Vitamin D C. Bile acids D. All of these
39. Cholesterol is transported from extrahepatic tissues to liver by:
A. Chylomicrons B. VLDL C. HDL D. LDL
40. Elevated plasma level of the following protects against atherosclerosis:
A. Chylomicrons B. VLDL C. HDL D. LDL
41. Sphingosine is:
A. An aliphatic alcohol B. An amino alcohol
C. A branched-chain fatty acid D. A cerebroside
42. Ceramide is made up of:
A. Serine and palmitic acid B. Serine and glycerol
C. Glycerol and fatty acid D. Sphingosine and fatty acid
43. Protein content of chylomicrons is about:
A. 1% B. 7% C. 21% D. 33%
44. Lecithin is made up of:
A. Glycerol and fatty acids
B. Glycerol, fatty acids and phosphoric acid
C. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and choline
D. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and serine
45. The correct statement concerning essential fatty acids is:
A. There are no essential fatty acids for human beings
B. The most essential fatty acid is sphingosine
C. Linoleic acid and -linolenic acid are two fatty acids that must be ingested
D. Essential fatty acids are only found in animal fat
46. Number of double bonds in prostaglandins is:
A. One B. Two C. Three D. One, two or three

6. 47. Prostaglandins are synthesized from:
A. Polyunsaturated fatty acids B. Monounsaturated fatty acids
C. Saturated fatty acids D. Phosphatidic acid
48. Sphingomyelin is made up of:
A. Sphingosine, phosphoric acid, a fatty acid and choline
B. Sphingosine, a fatty acid and choline
C. Sphingosine and choline
D. Sphingosine and myelin
49. On complete hydrolysis, a triglyceride yields:
A. Glycerol and phosphoric acid
B. Glycerol and a fatty acid
C. Glycerol and two fatty acids
D. Glycerol and three fatty acids
50. Phosphatidic acid is made up of:
A. Phosphoric acid and choline
B. Phosphoric acid and glycerol
C. Phosphoric acid, a fatty acid and glycerol
D. Phosphoric acid, two fatty acids and glycerol

7. Answers
1 C (Fatty acids having more than one carbon-carbon double bonds are known as
polyunsaturated fatty acids or PUFA. Those having only one double bond are called
monounsaturated fatty acids or MUFA. Those having no double bond are called saturated
fatty acids or SFA. Among the choices given, only linoleic acid is a PUFA.)
2 B (Palmitoleic acid is not a PUFA as it has got only one double bond.)
3 B [The last carbon atom of the fatty acid i.e. methyl carbon is known as the omega ()
carbon. If there are three carbon atoms on the methyl end after the last double bond, the fatty
acid is known as an omega-3 fatty acid. If there are six, the fatty acid is known as an omega-6
fatty acid. Among the choices given, only -linolenic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.]
4 C (Butter, coconut oil and hydrogenated vegetable oils contain mainly saturated fatty acids.
Cottonseed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.)
5 C (Triglycerides are lighter than water. They are hydrophobic and are not constituents of
membranes. But they are neutral fats.)
6 D (All the choices given are glycerophospholipids as the alcohol present in them is
glycerol.)
7 C (Cerebronic acid is present in cerebrosides. Among the choices given, only galactosyl
ceramide is a cerebroside.)
8 C (Only gangliosides contain N-acetylneuraminic acid.)
9 A (Except cephalin, all others are sphingolipids in which the alcohol is sphingosine.)
10 B (A fatty acid esterified with sphingosine is known as acylsphingosine, also known as
ceramide.)
11 A (Specific gravity of very low-density lipoproteins is 0.95-1.006.)

8. 12 C (Low-density lipoproteins have about 21% protein.)
13 D (Among lipoproteins, chylomicrons have the highest lipid content i.e. about 99%.)
14 D (Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins have the highest phospholipid content.)
15 A (Triglycerides absorbed from the intestines are the major lipid in chylomicrons.)
16 B (Lipoproteins separated by electrophoresis are termed as chylomicrons, -lipoproteins,
pre--lipoproteins and -lipoproteins. Pre--lipoproteins are the same as VLDL. -
lipoproteins are the same as LDL. -Lipoproteins are the same as HDL.)
17 C (There are 27 carbon atoms in cholesterol.)
18 C (LDL is the lipoprotein having the highest cholesterol content.)
19 A (Albumin is the transporter of free fatty acids in circulation.)
20 C (Lipids are stored mainly as triglycerides.)
21 D (Cerebronic acid is a very long chain fatty acid, having 24 carbon atoms.)
22 C (Lecithin, cephalin and cardiolipin are glycerophospholipids in which the alcohol is
glycerol. Ceramide is a sphingolipid in which the alcohol in sphingosine.)

9. 23 B (Choline is the nitrogenous base in lecithin.)
24 A (Ethanolamine is the nitrogenous base in cephalin.)
25 C (Among the given choices, only gangliosides contain hexosamines.)
26 B (-Linolenic acid is an -3 fatty acid. The other three are -6 fatty acids.)
27 B (Neutral fats are esters of fatty acids and glycerol.)
28 A (Plasmalogens are glycerolipids in which the alcohol is glycerol. The other three are
sphingolipids in which the alcohol in sphingosine.)
29 C (Arachidonic acid is a 20-carbon fatty acid. The other three are 18-carbon fatty acids.)
30 C (Phosphatidyl inositol does not contain nitrogen. The other three contain nitrogen.)

10. 31 B (Linoleic acid has two double bonds.)
32 C ((Linolenic acid has three double bonds.)
33 D (Arachidonic acid has four double bonds.)
34 D (Arachidonic acid is a 20-carbon fatty acid. The other three are 18-carbon fatty acids.)
35 D (Malondialdehyde concentration in plasma is an indicator of lipid peroxidation.)
36 B (VLDL is synthesized in the liver. It transports triglycerides from liver to extrahepatic
tissues.)
37 A (Chylomicrons are synthesized in the intestinal mucosa. They transport dietary
triglycerides from the intestines to different tissues, mainly extrahepatic tissues.)
38 D (Sex hormones, vitamin D and bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol.)
39 C (HDL is the transporter of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to liver. This is also
known as reverse transport of cholesterol.)
40 C (Elevated plasma level of HDL protects against atherosclerosis by transporting excess
cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including coronary arteries, to liver.)
41 B (Sphingosine is an alcohol having an amino group.)
42 D (Sphingosine esterified with a fatty acid is known as ceramide.)
43 A (Protein content of chylomicrons is negligible, about 1%.)
44 C (Lecithin is made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphoric acid and choline.)

11. 45 C (Linoleic acid and -linolenic acid are two fatty acids essential for human beings, and
must be taken in diet.)
46 D (One, two or three double bonds are present in different prostaglandins.)
47 A (Prostaglandins are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids.)
48 A (Sphingomyelin is made up of sphingosine, phosphoric acid, a fatty acid and choline.)
49 D (A triglyceride is an ester of glycerol and three fatty acids. On hydrolysis, it yields
glycerol and three fatty acids.
50 D (Phosphatidic acid is made up of phosphoric acid, two fatty acids and glycerol.)