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THE PROCESS OF CONCEPTION,[object Object]
OVA,[object Object],Released from the Graafian Follicle,[object Object],Will be surrounded by a ring of mucopolysaccharide fluid (Zonapellucida) and a circle of cells (Corona radiata),[object Object],Zonapellucida and Corona Radiata protects the ova by serving as a buffer against injury,[object Object],Moves from the ovary to the fallopian tube through the cilia and peristaltic movement of fallopian tube,[object Object]
SPERM,[object Object],Per ejaculation, 2.5ml semen containing 50-200M spermatozoa is released (ave 400M sperm/ejaculation),[object Object],Moves through the cervix, uterus, fallopian tube because of their flagella and uterine contractions,[object Object],Undergoes CAPACITATION (changes in the plasma membrane of the sperm head to reveal sperm binding receptor sites) before penetrating into the corona radiata,[object Object]
Sperm clusters around coronal cells,[object Object],Will release HYALURONIDASE (proteolytic enzyme) to dissolve the corona radiata,[object Object],Sperm penetrates the cell; cell membrane  of ova changes composition to become impenetrable to other sperm,[object Object]
Sperm and ova fuse carrying 23 pairs of chromosomes each,[object Object],If sperm carries X sex chromosome paired with the ovum X chromosome = female zygote,[object Object],If sperm carries Y sex chromosome paired with the ovum X chromosome = male zygote,[object Object]
IMPLANTATION,[object Object],Zygote move from fallopian tube to uterus,[object Object],It will undergo series of mitotic divisions resulting to a cleavage formation, 1 in every 22 hour, with the cleavage division happening 24 hours after fertilization,[object Object],Once it reaches the uterus, zygote is now composed of 32 -50 ball of cell termed as a MORULA,[object Object]
Another 3-4 days, morula becomes a BLASTOCYST consisting of:,[object Object],An inner cell mass which will become the future embryo,[object Object],Trophoblast which will become the placenta and membranes,[object Object]
At approx 8-10 days after fertilization, blastocyst attaches to the endometrium,[object Object],Sheds off last residues of corona radiata and zonapellucida,[object Object],Brushes against endometrium (apposition) and settles down,[object Object],A slight vaginal bleeding is experienced during implantation stage because capillaries are ruptured by the implanting trophoblast cells,[object Object]
EMBRYONIC & FETAL STRUCTURES,[object Object],DECIDUA – uterus that has grown thick and vascular,[object Object],3 areas,[object Object],[object Object]
Deciduacapsularis – portion that stretches or encapsulates the surface of the trophoblast
Deciduavera – the remaining portion of the uterine lining,[object Object]
They begin the formation of the placenta
Consists of a central core of connective tissue and fetal capillaries,[object Object]
PLACENTA,[object Object],[object Object]
Has 25-30 cotyledons (placental compartments that lie on the maternal side)
Has 2 sides
Maternal – dirty rough
Fetal – shiny smooth,[object Object]
Secretes endocrine hormones (syncytial cells)
hCG – 1st placental hormone         - enusures corpus luteum to continuously produce progesterone and estrogen,[object Object],         - supresses maternal immunologic reaction so that placental tissue is not detected and rejected as a foreign substance,[object Object]
           - if fetus is male, stimulates the testes to begin producing testoterone,[object Object],          - at 8 week, begins progesterone production, as a result, CL disintegrates and hCG production decreases,[object Object],[object Object],          - contributes to mammary gland development of mother in preparation for lactation,[object Object],          - stimulates uterine growth to accommodate growing fetus,[object Object]
[object Object],           - necessary to maintain endometrial lining of the uterus during pregnancy,[object Object],           - reduces contractility of uterus during pregnancy preventing preterm labor,[object Object],[object Object],          - with both growth promoting and lactogenic (milk producing) properties,[object Object],          - promotes mammary gland (breast) growth in preparation for lactation,[object Object]

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The process of conception