The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation. There are various bone types including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Bones are composed of compact bone and spongy bone. The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton which connects to the axial skeleton and includes the upper and lower limbs. Diseases that can affect the skeletal system include osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and rheumatoid arthritis.

1. Skeletal System

4. Bone Classification

5. Distal epiphysis Proximal epiphysis diaphysis yellow marrow epiphyseal line periosteum compact bone spongy bone Endosteum hyaline cartilage Anatomy of a Long Bone Sharpey’s fibers

6. Axial Skeleton

7. Appendicular Skeleton

8. Cranium Facial Bones Anterior View Axial Skeleton

9. Cranium Facial Bones Lateral View Axial Skeleton

10. Posterior View Axial Skeleton

11. Axial Skeleton Inferior View

13. Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum (5) Coccyx (4) The Vertebral Column Axial Skeleton

14. Cervical Vertebrae

17. Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating Ribs (2) The Thoracic Cage Axial Skeleton

18. Sacrum & Coccyx Axial Skeleton

19. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle Appendicular Skeleton

20. Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges The Upper Limb (Forelimb) Appendicular Skeleton

21. Humerus

22. Ulna & Radius

23. Hand Bones

24. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvis

25. Ischium Ilium Acetabulum Pubis Ischium Obturator foramen Appendicular Skeleton Pelvis (lateral view)

27. Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges The Lower Limb (Legs) Appendicular Skeleton

28. Femur

29. Patella

30. Tibia & Fibula

31. metatarsals phalanges tarsals metatarsals phalanges tarsals Foot

32. Fetal Skull

33. Immovable Joints (synarthrosis) Fibrous Joints suture pubis symphisis

34. Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis) Cartilagenous Joints

35. Synovial Joints (diarthrosis)- freely moveable femur ligaments pelvis

36. Synovial Joints femur pelvis hyaline cartilage synovial cavity joint capsule

37. Knee Joint

38. Abduction Extension Rotation Flexion Adduction Synovial Joint Movement

39. 275 bones 12 weeks (6-9 inches long) Fetal Skeleton

40. cartilage calcified cartilage bone epiphyseal plate epiphyseal line Endochondral Ossification 2 o ossification center Fetus: 1 st 2 months Adult Childhood Just before birth

41. Osteoblast Osteocyte Osteoclast Eats bone Builds new bone Mature bone cell Bone cells that aid in remodeling

44. hematoma callus bony callus Repair of Fractures bone remodeling

46. Osteoporosis 29 40 84 92

47. Rickets - vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia - soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D Pagets Disease - spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune reaction Diseases of the Skeletal System: