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SANITATION


  Prepared By
 Parth V. Purohit
  Saunil Arora
PRESENTATION FLOW
   Sanitation :The Concept

   World Sanitation Conditions
   Sanitation in India
       Rural
       Urban

   World Bank

   How do you Market Sanitation

   Role of NGOs

   10 Facts about Sanitation
   How can we Help?
SANITATION :THE CONCEPT
   Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human
    contact with the hazards of wastes.

   Hazards can be physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease.

   Wastes that can cause health problems are human and animal feces, solid
    wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), industrial wastes and
    agricultural wastes.

   Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g. sewerage
    and wastewater treatment), simple technologies (e.g. latrines, septic tanks), or even by
    personal hygiene practices (e.g. simple hand washing with soap).
WORLD SANITATION CONDITIONS
   In 2008, 87% of the world's population had some form of improved water
    supply, while 61% (4.1 billion) had access to basic sanitation facilities.

   Inadequate sanitation, hygiene or access to water increases the incidence of
    diarrheal diseases as well as death.

   The highest proportion of deaths as well as the highest absolute numbers
    occurs in countries with high mortality patterns, such as in Africa and parts of
    South-East Asia. Most diarrheal deaths in the world (88%) are caused by
    unsafe water, sanitation or hygiene.

   In 2008, 2.6 billion people – 40 percent of the world’s population -- had no
    access to improved sanitation facilities.
   Every year, 1.5 million children die due to diarrhea caused by the
    combined effects of inadequate sanitation, unsafe water supply, and
    poor personal hygiene.

   The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) by World Health
    Organization’s target is to reduce by half the proportion of people
    without access to basic sanitation by 2015. Progress has been slow
    and, at the current rate, the world will miss the MDG target.
   The percent of population with access to improved sanitation has increased.
   But the number of people living without access increased due to slow
    progress and population growth.
Sanitation In India
   Forty percent of people do not have improved sanitation
    facilities in developing countries
SANITATION IN INDIA

Rural

   Open Defecation is a huge problem in rural areas.

   Though it has reduced but the practice has not completely vanished.

   Lack of priority to safe confinement and disposal of human excreta
    poses significant health risks manifest in the sanitation challenge
    facing the nation today.

   It is estimated that 1 in every 10 deaths in India in villages, is linked
    to poor sanitation and hygiene.

   Diarrhea, a preventable disease, is the largest killer and accounts for
    every 20th death.
   Around 4,50,000 deaths were linked to diarrhea alone in 2006, of which
    88% were deaths of children below five (WSP Economics of Sanitation
    Initiative 2010).

   Prevalence of child under-nutrition in India (47 % according to National
    Family Health Survey III, 2005-06) is among the highest in the world.

   Studies shown that the education of children, especially the girl child, is also
    significantly impacted by poor sanitation.

   Girls are often forced to miss school or even drop out of education due to
    lack of sanitation facilities in their schools.
   Another impact of poor sanitation and the resultant illnesses is the
    loss of productivity of the family members

   It is also known that lack of adequate sanitation leads to significant
    losses for the country.

   The adverse economic impacts of inadequate sanitation in India as
    reported in the study based on published details like sanitation
    coverage, child mortality etc. as of the year 2006 was of the order of
    Rs. 2.4 Lakh crore (US$ 53.8billion), or Rs. 2,180 (US$ 48) per
    person.

   This works out to 6.4% of Gross Domestic Product (WSP
    Economics of Sanitation Initiative 2010).
National Level Sanitation Performance

   India has shown high country commitment to sanitation with
    increased support to India’s rural sanitation flagship programme
    Total Sanitation Campaign (TCS).

   The national Five-year Plan Documents and Annual Plans and
    Budgets at the national and state levels recognize the rural sanitation
    vision and plans; and allocate considerable resources toward their
    achievement.

   After sluggish progress throughout the eighties and nineties, rural
    sanitation coverage received a boost with the implementation of the
    TSC.
   The individual household latrine coverage has nearly tripled from just 21.9% at
    national level as reported by the Census in 2001 to around 68% in 2010, according
    to the latest data reported by districts to the Department of Drinking Water and
    Sanitation through on line monitoring system.

   This translates to 493 million rural people having access to sanitation, 88 million
    more since SACOSAN III.
Financing

   The rural sanitation sector has continued to receive increasing budgetary support.
    The TSC annual budget has increased to Rs. 16,500 Million, up from an annual
    budget of Rs. 12,000 Million in 2008.

   This only indicates the 65% of total outlay on rural sanitation sector from the
    Central Government, the balance being contributed by State Governments and
    beneficiary households and communities.

   A project based approach with total project outlay of Rs.200 billion has been
    adopted clearly identifying financing requirements for achieving the project
    objectives.

   Further, as per the sanitation strategy 2012-22, an additional financial outlay of
    Rs.470 billion has been identified to be utilized over a decade to achieve the
    objectives of cent per cent rural sanitation.
Monitoring and Sustaining Change

   Rural sanitation programme has a comprehensive system of monitoring the
    implementation and impact of the Programmes including utilization of
    funds,   through    Periodical Progress      Reports,   Performance   Review
    Committee meetings, Area Officer’s Scheme, District Level Monitoring and
    Vigilance and Monitoring Committees at the State/District Level.
    Besides, the programme adopts a five-pronged strategy consisting of

       Creation of awareness about the schemes,

       Transparency,

       People’s participation,

       Accountability / social audit and

       Strict vigilance and monitoring at all levels.
Urban
   The JMP 2010 revised estimates for 2008 were 18% urban Indian
    population defecating in the open and 7% using unimproved toilets
    i.e. about 75% population having access to sanitation – 51%
    individual toilets and 24% sharing toilets.

   The National Sample Survey (NSS, 65th Round, Govt. of India, July
    2008-June 2009) estimated that 77% households have septic
    tank/flush latrines, 8% pit latrines, 1.6% service latrines, 1% other
    latrines, and 11% without any latrines.

   About 58% households have latrines for own exclusive use
    (individual),   24%   households    use       shared,   and   6.5%   use
    community/public latrines (balance 11% without any access).
   About 30 million urban residents (base population from Census 2001) were without
    access to toilets, and another 7 million using service and other (unimproved) toilets.
    Accounting for population growth, about 40 million urban residents are likely to be
    without access to toilets in 2011.

   The proportion of households without access to any toilets has declined to
    11%, although a high proportion of households are dependant on shared and
    community/ public latrines.

   The situation in urban slums is worrisome – non-notified slums bearing the brunt of
    neglect. The percentage of notified and non-notified slums without latrines was 17%
    and 51% respectively.

   In respect of septic latrines, the availability was 66% and 35%, and for underground
    sewerage, the availability was 30% and 15% respectively. In urban India, safe disposal
    of human excreta is the biggest challenge.
Nirmal Shahar Puraskar

   In order to promote urban sanitation and recognize excellence in
    performance in this area, Government of India has instituted the “Nirmal
    Shahar Puraskar” a bi-annual exercise that recognizes sanitation initiatives
    of cities.

   The award is based on the premise that improved public health and
    environmental standards are the two outcomes that cities must seek to
    ensure quality of life for urban citizens, and that a periodic assessment of
    performance of cities that is made public will lead to greater public
    awareness and competition amongst cities.

   The award scheme is recognition of the city for the management of human
    excreta,     treatment   and   recycle   of    wastewater,    solid   waste
    management, storm water drainage, operation and maintenance of the
    sanitation and storm water infrastructure and improvements in water quality
NIRMAL GRAM PURASKAR
   Particulars         Population        Incentive
                                        (Rs in lakhs)
                     Less than 1,000        0.50

                      1,000 to 1,999        1.00

 Village Panchayat    2,000 to 4,999        2.00

                      5,000 to 9,999        4.00

                     10,000 and above       5.00

                       Upto 50,000         10.00
      Block
                     50,001 and above      20.00

                      Upto 10 lakhs        30.00
     District
                     Above 10 lakhs        50.00
Financing Urban Sanitation

   Under the framework provided by India’s urban flagship JNNURM, cities
    are supposed to propose their investment requirements based on their City
    Development Plans.

   Therefore, it is up to the cities to accord priority to sanitation and based
    on plans there about; seek funding from the Union Government.

   It is reported that of cities’ proposed investments under the key urban
    development scheme sources, 32.67% and 24.47% respectively were
    intended towards improving urban water and sanitation services.
   While there is no dedicated source of finances for urban sanitation
    plans, the MoUD is assisting states and cities to source financial
    assistance from public, donor, and private sources.

   The Thirteenth Finance Commission has recommended devolution of
    funds (or “awards”) to cities that not only comprise general purpose
    grants, but also performance grants that are based on cities achieving
    standards as per MoUD’s benchmarking framework for urban services
    including sanitation
Role of Government Bodies

   The responsibility for provision of sanitation facilities in India is
    decentralized and primarily rests with local government bodies – Gram
    Panchayat in rural areas and municipalities or corporations in urban
    areas.

   The state and central governments have a facilitating role that takes the
    form of framing enabling policies/guidelines, providing financial and
    capacity-building support and monitoring progress.

   In the central government, the Planning Commission, through Five Year
    Plans, guides investment in the sector by allocating funding for strategic
    priorities.
   The Solid Wasted Management is the primary responsibility and
    duty of the municipal authorities.

   State legislation and the local acts that govern municipal authorities
    include special provisions for collection, transport, and disposal of
    waste.

   They assign the responsibility for provision of services to the chief
    executive of the municipal authority.
Sanitation In India
WORLD BANK
    Current Projects

   The World Bank finances a number of projects in urban and rural areas that are
    fully or partly dedicated to water supply and sanitation.

   In urban areas the World Bank supports:

       The Andhra Pradesh Municipal Development Project (approved in
        2009, US$300 million loan),

       The    Karnataka      Municipal      Reform      Project   (approved    in
        2006, US$216 million loan),

       The Third Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project (approved in
        2005, US$300 million loan) and

       The Karnataka Urban Water Sector Improvement Project (approved in
        2004, US$39.5 million loan).
   In Rural Areas it supports:

       The   Andhra    Pradesh   Rural     Water    Supply   and   Sanitation
        (US$150 million loan, approved in 2009),

       The Second Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
        (approved in 2001, US$151.6 million loan),

       The Uttaranchal Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (approved
        in 2006, US$120 million loan) and

       The Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (approved in
        2006, US$154 million loan).
HOW DO YOU MARKET SANITATION?
Identify market research expertise
                                Establish and train the research team
Market Research                 Conduct consumer research
                                Conduct producer research

Programme aims and objectives   Develop preliminary marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion)


Product identification and      Identify and develop marketable sanitation facilities & services (e.g. latrine
development                     technologies /options, latrine information service, latrine centre)

                                Identify potential suppliers of latrines & other related services
                                Assess and develop their capacity to provide desired services
                                Identify and/or set place(s) where consumers can access the sanitation services
Set up supply mechanism         being marketed (eg toilet centres)
                                Work with the public sector to establish strategy for disposal of sludge from
                                toilets

                                Identify partners with expertise for the design and development of marketing
                                concepts
Message and material
                                Develop marketing concepts and creative design
   development                  Pre-test and refine creative design
                                Develop promotion strategy


                                Produce promotion materials (e.g. posters, flyers, radio jingle, billboard)
Implement promotion campaign    Launch a campaign (e.g. road show, launch event)
                                Run a promotion campaign for about 3 months

                                Monitor the programme (spread/ response to the campaign, quality of services
Monitor and feedback            provided etc)
                                Feedback and modify the programme as appropriate
STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION
   Creating a demand for safe sanitation services:

    It can be done through social marketing of sanitation and behavior change
    communication for rural sanitation.

   Meeting the demand for safe sanitation services:

    Once the demand has been created, ensuring delivery of these services
    through capacity building of mission and providing a wide range of
    suitable sanitation technologies.

   Ensuring sustainability of sanitation infrastructure and behavior:

    Institutional, policy and other measures to ensure sustainability of
    sanitation infrastructure and behavior.
ROLE OF NGOS

   NGOs have an important role in the implementation of TSC in the rural
    areas.

       Their services are required to be utilized not only for bringing about
        awareness among the rural people for the need of rural sanitation but
        also ensuring that they actually make use of the sanitary latrines.

       NGOs may also open and operate Production Centers and Rural
        Sanitary Marts.

       Only, dedicated and motivated NGOs should be involved in TSC
        implementation.`
ALLOCATION OF FUND IN 2010

   The Central, State and Beneficiary/Panchayat contributions are
    about Rs.3675.38 crore, Rs.1424.09 crore and Rs.1140.80 crore
    respectively.

   Construction of 499 lakh individual household latrines

   656690 toilets for Schools

   36098 Community Sanitary Complexes

   199033 toilets for Balwadis/Anganwadis and

   4030 Rural Sanitary Marts/Production Centres.
DATA FOR THE YEAR 2011

      Category       Target          Achievement
  School Toilets            53,678             39,834
 Anganwadi Toilets          27,970             24,132
 Sanitary Complex            1,438              1,548
  Sanitary Marts               249                194
       Total             87,50,423          64,91,883
TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN- (TSC)

   Serial     Year         Financial        Physical
    No.                   Allocation      Allocation
                         (Rs.in crores)   (Individual
                                            Tiolets)
     1       2000 - 01       11.88          16,086
     2       2001 - 02       21.40         1,39,751
     3       2002 - 03       27.79         2,76,894
     4       2003 - 04       45.15         4,51,701
     5       2004 - 05       42.59         4,88,205
     6       2005 - 06       116.99        6,13,826
     7       2006 - 07       84.14         2,15,286
     8       2007 - 08       42.13         5,74,109
     9       2008 - 09       33.06         3,39,066
    10       2009 - 10      244.66         9,78,651
    11       2010 - 11      216.49         9,55,122
GUJARAT DATA AS ON 8/03/2012
   Components         Project Objective      Project Performance             %age Achievement
    IHHL BPL              2046857                     1974418                     96.46
    IHHL APL              3331630                     2413869                     72.45
   IHHL Total             5378487                     4388287                     81.59
   School Toilet           28617                       28356                      99.09
 Sanitary Complex           1671                       1765                       105.63
    Anganwadi              23460                       24897                      106.13
       RSM                   168                        365                       217.26


                                                                                     %age of
      Share            Approved      Funds Received            Utilization     Utilization against
                                                                                     release
       GOI             41025.70            28700.04            25751.21              89.73
   State Share         15942.19            13496.15            10976.01              81.33
Beneficiaries Share     8953.78            9015.59              8103.86              89.89
      Total            65921.67            51211.78            44831.08              87.54

    Individual household latrines (IHHL)                 Rural Sanitary Marts (RSMs)
10 FACTS ABOUT SANITATION AT WORLD LEVEL
Sanitation In India
Sanitation In India
Sanitation In India
Sanitation In India
Sanitation In India
HOW CAN WE HELP?

   Proper education should be provided to people, especially the
    illiterate and poor people.

   People should be encouraged to keep the city clean.

   Media should be used as a medium to encourage people.

   Government should be questioned.

   Donation towards the betterment of the society.
CONCLUSION

   Providing adequate sanitation will have profound implications for
    human health and poverty alleviation.

   Access to adequate sanitation literally signifies crossing the most
    critical barrier to a life of dignity and fulfillment of basic needs.

   Focusing on youth and using education.

   Taking responsibility for the environment.

   Supporting small-scale entrepreneurs.

   Constantly Monitoring progress.
Thank You

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Sanitation In India

  • 1. SANITATION Prepared By Parth V. Purohit Saunil Arora
  • 2. PRESENTATION FLOW  Sanitation :The Concept  World Sanitation Conditions  Sanitation in India  Rural  Urban  World Bank  How do you Market Sanitation  Role of NGOs  10 Facts about Sanitation  How can we Help?
  • 3. SANITATION :THE CONCEPT  Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes.  Hazards can be physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease.  Wastes that can cause health problems are human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), industrial wastes and agricultural wastes.  Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g. sewerage and wastewater treatment), simple technologies (e.g. latrines, septic tanks), or even by personal hygiene practices (e.g. simple hand washing with soap).
  • 4. WORLD SANITATION CONDITIONS  In 2008, 87% of the world's population had some form of improved water supply, while 61% (4.1 billion) had access to basic sanitation facilities.  Inadequate sanitation, hygiene or access to water increases the incidence of diarrheal diseases as well as death.  The highest proportion of deaths as well as the highest absolute numbers occurs in countries with high mortality patterns, such as in Africa and parts of South-East Asia. Most diarrheal deaths in the world (88%) are caused by unsafe water, sanitation or hygiene.  In 2008, 2.6 billion people – 40 percent of the world’s population -- had no access to improved sanitation facilities.
  • 5. Every year, 1.5 million children die due to diarrhea caused by the combined effects of inadequate sanitation, unsafe water supply, and poor personal hygiene.  The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) by World Health Organization’s target is to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation by 2015. Progress has been slow and, at the current rate, the world will miss the MDG target.
  • 6. The percent of population with access to improved sanitation has increased.  But the number of people living without access increased due to slow progress and population growth.
  • 8. Forty percent of people do not have improved sanitation facilities in developing countries
  • 9. SANITATION IN INDIA Rural  Open Defecation is a huge problem in rural areas.  Though it has reduced but the practice has not completely vanished.  Lack of priority to safe confinement and disposal of human excreta poses significant health risks manifest in the sanitation challenge facing the nation today.  It is estimated that 1 in every 10 deaths in India in villages, is linked to poor sanitation and hygiene.  Diarrhea, a preventable disease, is the largest killer and accounts for every 20th death.
  • 10. Around 4,50,000 deaths were linked to diarrhea alone in 2006, of which 88% were deaths of children below five (WSP Economics of Sanitation Initiative 2010).  Prevalence of child under-nutrition in India (47 % according to National Family Health Survey III, 2005-06) is among the highest in the world.  Studies shown that the education of children, especially the girl child, is also significantly impacted by poor sanitation.  Girls are often forced to miss school or even drop out of education due to lack of sanitation facilities in their schools.
  • 11. Another impact of poor sanitation and the resultant illnesses is the loss of productivity of the family members  It is also known that lack of adequate sanitation leads to significant losses for the country.  The adverse economic impacts of inadequate sanitation in India as reported in the study based on published details like sanitation coverage, child mortality etc. as of the year 2006 was of the order of Rs. 2.4 Lakh crore (US$ 53.8billion), or Rs. 2,180 (US$ 48) per person.  This works out to 6.4% of Gross Domestic Product (WSP Economics of Sanitation Initiative 2010).
  • 12. National Level Sanitation Performance  India has shown high country commitment to sanitation with increased support to India’s rural sanitation flagship programme Total Sanitation Campaign (TCS).  The national Five-year Plan Documents and Annual Plans and Budgets at the national and state levels recognize the rural sanitation vision and plans; and allocate considerable resources toward their achievement.  After sluggish progress throughout the eighties and nineties, rural sanitation coverage received a boost with the implementation of the TSC.
  • 13. The individual household latrine coverage has nearly tripled from just 21.9% at national level as reported by the Census in 2001 to around 68% in 2010, according to the latest data reported by districts to the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation through on line monitoring system.  This translates to 493 million rural people having access to sanitation, 88 million more since SACOSAN III.
  • 14. Financing  The rural sanitation sector has continued to receive increasing budgetary support. The TSC annual budget has increased to Rs. 16,500 Million, up from an annual budget of Rs. 12,000 Million in 2008.  This only indicates the 65% of total outlay on rural sanitation sector from the Central Government, the balance being contributed by State Governments and beneficiary households and communities.  A project based approach with total project outlay of Rs.200 billion has been adopted clearly identifying financing requirements for achieving the project objectives.  Further, as per the sanitation strategy 2012-22, an additional financial outlay of Rs.470 billion has been identified to be utilized over a decade to achieve the objectives of cent per cent rural sanitation.
  • 15. Monitoring and Sustaining Change  Rural sanitation programme has a comprehensive system of monitoring the implementation and impact of the Programmes including utilization of funds, through Periodical Progress Reports, Performance Review Committee meetings, Area Officer’s Scheme, District Level Monitoring and Vigilance and Monitoring Committees at the State/District Level. Besides, the programme adopts a five-pronged strategy consisting of  Creation of awareness about the schemes,  Transparency,  People’s participation,  Accountability / social audit and  Strict vigilance and monitoring at all levels.
  • 16. Urban  The JMP 2010 revised estimates for 2008 were 18% urban Indian population defecating in the open and 7% using unimproved toilets i.e. about 75% population having access to sanitation – 51% individual toilets and 24% sharing toilets.  The National Sample Survey (NSS, 65th Round, Govt. of India, July 2008-June 2009) estimated that 77% households have septic tank/flush latrines, 8% pit latrines, 1.6% service latrines, 1% other latrines, and 11% without any latrines.  About 58% households have latrines for own exclusive use (individual), 24% households use shared, and 6.5% use community/public latrines (balance 11% without any access).
  • 17. About 30 million urban residents (base population from Census 2001) were without access to toilets, and another 7 million using service and other (unimproved) toilets. Accounting for population growth, about 40 million urban residents are likely to be without access to toilets in 2011.  The proportion of households without access to any toilets has declined to 11%, although a high proportion of households are dependant on shared and community/ public latrines.  The situation in urban slums is worrisome – non-notified slums bearing the brunt of neglect. The percentage of notified and non-notified slums without latrines was 17% and 51% respectively.  In respect of septic latrines, the availability was 66% and 35%, and for underground sewerage, the availability was 30% and 15% respectively. In urban India, safe disposal of human excreta is the biggest challenge.
  • 18. Nirmal Shahar Puraskar  In order to promote urban sanitation and recognize excellence in performance in this area, Government of India has instituted the “Nirmal Shahar Puraskar” a bi-annual exercise that recognizes sanitation initiatives of cities.  The award is based on the premise that improved public health and environmental standards are the two outcomes that cities must seek to ensure quality of life for urban citizens, and that a periodic assessment of performance of cities that is made public will lead to greater public awareness and competition amongst cities.  The award scheme is recognition of the city for the management of human excreta, treatment and recycle of wastewater, solid waste management, storm water drainage, operation and maintenance of the sanitation and storm water infrastructure and improvements in water quality
  • 19. NIRMAL GRAM PURASKAR Particulars Population Incentive (Rs in lakhs) Less than 1,000 0.50 1,000 to 1,999 1.00 Village Panchayat 2,000 to 4,999 2.00 5,000 to 9,999 4.00 10,000 and above 5.00 Upto 50,000 10.00 Block 50,001 and above 20.00 Upto 10 lakhs 30.00 District Above 10 lakhs 50.00
  • 20. Financing Urban Sanitation  Under the framework provided by India’s urban flagship JNNURM, cities are supposed to propose their investment requirements based on their City Development Plans.  Therefore, it is up to the cities to accord priority to sanitation and based on plans there about; seek funding from the Union Government.  It is reported that of cities’ proposed investments under the key urban development scheme sources, 32.67% and 24.47% respectively were intended towards improving urban water and sanitation services.
  • 21. While there is no dedicated source of finances for urban sanitation plans, the MoUD is assisting states and cities to source financial assistance from public, donor, and private sources.  The Thirteenth Finance Commission has recommended devolution of funds (or “awards”) to cities that not only comprise general purpose grants, but also performance grants that are based on cities achieving standards as per MoUD’s benchmarking framework for urban services including sanitation
  • 22. Role of Government Bodies  The responsibility for provision of sanitation facilities in India is decentralized and primarily rests with local government bodies – Gram Panchayat in rural areas and municipalities or corporations in urban areas.  The state and central governments have a facilitating role that takes the form of framing enabling policies/guidelines, providing financial and capacity-building support and monitoring progress.  In the central government, the Planning Commission, through Five Year Plans, guides investment in the sector by allocating funding for strategic priorities.
  • 23. The Solid Wasted Management is the primary responsibility and duty of the municipal authorities.  State legislation and the local acts that govern municipal authorities include special provisions for collection, transport, and disposal of waste.  They assign the responsibility for provision of services to the chief executive of the municipal authority.
  • 25. WORLD BANK Current Projects  The World Bank finances a number of projects in urban and rural areas that are fully or partly dedicated to water supply and sanitation.  In urban areas the World Bank supports:  The Andhra Pradesh Municipal Development Project (approved in 2009, US$300 million loan),  The Karnataka Municipal Reform Project (approved in 2006, US$216 million loan),  The Third Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project (approved in 2005, US$300 million loan) and  The Karnataka Urban Water Sector Improvement Project (approved in 2004, US$39.5 million loan).
  • 26. In Rural Areas it supports:  The Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (US$150 million loan, approved in 2009),  The Second Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (approved in 2001, US$151.6 million loan),  The Uttaranchal Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (approved in 2006, US$120 million loan) and  The Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (approved in 2006, US$154 million loan).
  • 27. HOW DO YOU MARKET SANITATION?
  • 28. Identify market research expertise Establish and train the research team Market Research Conduct consumer research Conduct producer research Programme aims and objectives Develop preliminary marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) Product identification and Identify and develop marketable sanitation facilities & services (e.g. latrine development technologies /options, latrine information service, latrine centre) Identify potential suppliers of latrines & other related services Assess and develop their capacity to provide desired services Identify and/or set place(s) where consumers can access the sanitation services Set up supply mechanism being marketed (eg toilet centres) Work with the public sector to establish strategy for disposal of sludge from toilets Identify partners with expertise for the design and development of marketing concepts Message and material Develop marketing concepts and creative design development Pre-test and refine creative design Develop promotion strategy Produce promotion materials (e.g. posters, flyers, radio jingle, billboard) Implement promotion campaign Launch a campaign (e.g. road show, launch event) Run a promotion campaign for about 3 months Monitor the programme (spread/ response to the campaign, quality of services Monitor and feedback provided etc) Feedback and modify the programme as appropriate
  • 29. STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION  Creating a demand for safe sanitation services: It can be done through social marketing of sanitation and behavior change communication for rural sanitation.  Meeting the demand for safe sanitation services: Once the demand has been created, ensuring delivery of these services through capacity building of mission and providing a wide range of suitable sanitation technologies.  Ensuring sustainability of sanitation infrastructure and behavior: Institutional, policy and other measures to ensure sustainability of sanitation infrastructure and behavior.
  • 30. ROLE OF NGOS  NGOs have an important role in the implementation of TSC in the rural areas.  Their services are required to be utilized not only for bringing about awareness among the rural people for the need of rural sanitation but also ensuring that they actually make use of the sanitary latrines.  NGOs may also open and operate Production Centers and Rural Sanitary Marts.  Only, dedicated and motivated NGOs should be involved in TSC implementation.`
  • 31. ALLOCATION OF FUND IN 2010  The Central, State and Beneficiary/Panchayat contributions are about Rs.3675.38 crore, Rs.1424.09 crore and Rs.1140.80 crore respectively.  Construction of 499 lakh individual household latrines  656690 toilets for Schools  36098 Community Sanitary Complexes  199033 toilets for Balwadis/Anganwadis and  4030 Rural Sanitary Marts/Production Centres.
  • 32. DATA FOR THE YEAR 2011 Category Target Achievement School Toilets 53,678 39,834 Anganwadi Toilets 27,970 24,132 Sanitary Complex 1,438 1,548 Sanitary Marts 249 194 Total 87,50,423 64,91,883
  • 33. TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN- (TSC) Serial Year Financial Physical No. Allocation Allocation (Rs.in crores) (Individual Tiolets) 1 2000 - 01 11.88 16,086 2 2001 - 02 21.40 1,39,751 3 2002 - 03 27.79 2,76,894 4 2003 - 04 45.15 4,51,701 5 2004 - 05 42.59 4,88,205 6 2005 - 06 116.99 6,13,826 7 2006 - 07 84.14 2,15,286 8 2007 - 08 42.13 5,74,109 9 2008 - 09 33.06 3,39,066 10 2009 - 10 244.66 9,78,651 11 2010 - 11 216.49 9,55,122
  • 34. GUJARAT DATA AS ON 8/03/2012 Components Project Objective Project Performance %age Achievement IHHL BPL 2046857 1974418 96.46 IHHL APL 3331630 2413869 72.45 IHHL Total 5378487 4388287 81.59 School Toilet 28617 28356 99.09 Sanitary Complex 1671 1765 105.63 Anganwadi 23460 24897 106.13 RSM 168 365 217.26 %age of Share Approved Funds Received Utilization Utilization against release GOI 41025.70 28700.04 25751.21 89.73 State Share 15942.19 13496.15 10976.01 81.33 Beneficiaries Share 8953.78 9015.59 8103.86 89.89 Total 65921.67 51211.78 44831.08 87.54 Individual household latrines (IHHL) Rural Sanitary Marts (RSMs)
  • 35. 10 FACTS ABOUT SANITATION AT WORLD LEVEL
  • 41. HOW CAN WE HELP?  Proper education should be provided to people, especially the illiterate and poor people.  People should be encouraged to keep the city clean.  Media should be used as a medium to encourage people.  Government should be questioned.  Donation towards the betterment of the society.
  • 42. CONCLUSION  Providing adequate sanitation will have profound implications for human health and poverty alleviation.  Access to adequate sanitation literally signifies crossing the most critical barrier to a life of dignity and fulfillment of basic needs.  Focusing on youth and using education.  Taking responsibility for the environment.  Supporting small-scale entrepreneurs.  Constantly Monitoring progress.