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The Evolution of PaaS
                QCon London 2012
                     Paul Fremantle
                      CTO, WSO2
                    paul@wso2.com
                        @pzfreo
                   #wso2 #qconlondon


© WSO2 2012                            @pzfreo #wso2
Moore’s Law for Data

•  The amount of data online went from
     –  5 exabytes in 2002
     –  281 exabytes in 2009
•  Doubled every 15 months

•  You cannot deal with this data growth with
   the same applications
     –  A reasonable conclusion is that the number of
        applications will double every 15 months too
© WSO2 2012                                      @pzfreo #wso2
Application Development is yet to have
                       its Industrial Revolution




The Industrial Revolution was driven by key technologies:
•   Componentization – making tools and products from re-usable, standardized components.
•   Which relied on standardized metrics/measures so that components could fit together
•   Factories – A large clean space where multiple parts of the production process could share light, power and
    management to create consistency and governance.
•   The IT industry is only just now reaching its industrial revolution. Open Standards are the metrics,
    Modularity Code and SOA are the componentization. Platform-as-a-Service is the Factory.

© WSO2 2012                                                                                        @pzfreo #wso2
Enterprise Application Development
            Challenges
•  Project Infrastructure takes too long to setup
•  Too many projects fall through the cracks and use non-
   standard infrastructure, build, governance
•  Projects use too many different unknown or unapproved
   libraries, frameworks, etc
•  No clear idea of which projects are at which stage
•  Few or no metrics on code quality, test coverage, re-use
•  Little automated build or test
•  Best practices are not applied everywhere
•  Infrastructure takes too long to setup

© WSO2 2012                                           @pzfreo #wso2
What is Cloud?
•  Depends who you are
     –  My daughter: iCloud (her music in the cloud)
     –  My mum: gmail (her email in the cloud)
     –  My VP sales: Salesforce (his prospects in the
        cloud)
     –  Sysadmin: Amazon/Rackspace/etc (his
        infrastructure in the cloud)
     –  *: what you care about, self-provisioned,
        managed, metered and paid per use, in the cloud
© WSO2 2012                                     @pzfreo #wso2
                                          5
Evolution Stage 1
              “Cloud Washing”




© WSO2 2012                       @pzfreo #wso2
Cloud Native
•  Distributed/Dynamically Wired (works properly in the cloud)
          •  Supports deploying in a dynamically sized cluster
          •  Finds services across applications even when they move
•  Elastic (Uses the cloud efficiently)
          •  Scales up and down as needed
          •  Works with the underlying IaaS
•  Multi-tenant (Only costs when you use it)
          •  Virtual isolated instances with near zero incremental cost
          •  Implies you have a proper identity model
•  Self-service (in the hands of users)
          •  De-centralized creation and management of tenants
          •  Automated Governance across tenants
•  Granularly Billed and Metered (pay for just what you use)
          •  Allocate costs to exactly who uses them
•  Incrementally Deployed and Tested (seamless live upgrades)
          •  Supports continuous update, side-by-side operation, in-place testing and
             incremental production
© WSO2 2012                                                                  @pzfreo #wso2
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ladymaggic/
© WSO2 2012                                   @pzfreo #wso2
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/
© WSO2 2012                                  @pzfreo #wso2
PaaS

                 Software as a Service

                                                Custom-
         Dev       Platform as a Service        ization
         Ops




               Infrastructure as a Service
© WSO2 2012                                     @pzfreo #wso2
                                           10
Evolving from different strands
•  Evolving “upwards” from IaaS
     –  Amazon
          •  Queuing, Mail, Notification/Events, Databases, Workflow, etc
          •  Elastic BeanStalk
•  Evolving “downwards” from SaaS
     –  Force.com – a place to host additional per-tenant logic
     –  Google App Engine
•  Evolving “sideways” from middleware Platforms
     –  WSO2, Tibco, vmWare, Oracle, IBM



© WSO2 2012                                                      @pzfreo #wso2
What do I care about (as a dev)?
•  My code – running
     –  Not a “VM” but a Virtual App Server
•  Not just code:
     –  I like Queues and Topics, ESB flows,
        Workflows, Databases, Logs, Portals, etc
•  Not just runtime
     –  I like SVN, Git, build, continuous integration,
        code coverage, automated test
     –  As a manager of devs I like governance :-)

© WSO2 2012                                        @pzfreo #wso2
Evolution Stage 2
              Dealing with “Application /
                 Developer” artefacts




© WSO2 2012                             @pzfreo #wso2
What kind of PaaS is it?
•  Application PaaS
     –  Google App Engine, Heroku, Stratos AS
•  Integration PaaS
     –  Mule Ion, Stratos ESB
•  Process PaaS
     –  ArisOnline, Stratos BPS
•  Messaging PaaS
     –  StormMQ, Stratos MB
•  Development PaaS
     –  CloudBees
•  “Complete” PaaS

© WSO2 2012                                          @pzfreo #wso2
                                                14
Evolution Stage 3
              Expanding Services




© WSO2 2012                        @pzfreo #wso2
Open PaaS
    •  One of the key concerns of enterprise architects is Open-
       ness
    •  Lock-in is a huge concern for PaaS
    •  Open PaaS should mean:
         –  Open to run in different places
              •  Not just a PaaS but a project or product too
         –  Open to run on different IaaS infrastructures
              •  Layerable
         –  Open to run different types of application
              •  Not just Java or Ruby
         –  Open to new Services
              •  Not just applications
         –  Open Source?

© WSO2 2012                                                      @pzfreo #wso2
                                                            16
Who are the players in the PaaS
                 market?
•  Those with only Public PaaS (without a Private PaaS)
     –    Force.com
     –    Heroku
     –    Google App Engine
     –    Amazon Elastic Beanstalk
•  Those with a Private / Public PaaS
     –  Tibco
     –  Microsoft (nearly)
     –  IBM / Oracle – talked about
•  Those with an Open Private / Public PaaS
     –  SpringSource CloudFoundry
     –  WSO2 Stratos

© WSO2 2012                                      @pzfreo #wso2
                                          17
Stratos Overview
•  A full middleware platform available as a
   service, with self service
     –  Fast provisioning
•  Based on OSGi
     –  Modular, componentized, standard
•  Multi-tenant, Elastic, Metered and Billed
     –  Effective and powerful
•  Available under the Apache License
     –  Open Source, Open License, Open
        Development
© WSO2 2012                                @pzfreo #wso2
Stratos resources
•  Stratos SVN
     –  http://svn.wso2.org/repos/wso2/trunk/
        stratos/
•  Stratos-dev list
     –  https://mail.wso2.org/cgi-bin/mailman/
        listinfo/stratos-dev
•  Stratos 1.5.1 builds
     –  http://builder.wso2.org/~carbon/releases/
        stratos/

© WSO2 2012                                      @pzfreo #wso2
                                         19
StratosLive



              http://stratoslive.wso2.com




© WSO2 2012                                 @pzfreo #wso2
?




© WSO2 2012       @pzfreo #wso2
Cloud Economics
•  Public Cloud economy is based on the
   Central Limit Theorem

•  For private clouds, the CLT sucks
     –  Multi-tenancy is the economy of scale for
        private clouds




© WSO2 2012                                         @pzfreo #wso2
                                           22
Evolution Stage 4
              Dealing with multi-tenancy
                      effectively




© WSO2 2012                                @pzfreo #wso2
How do you deal with multi-
                  tenancy?
•  Separate hardware, separate VMs, separate
   containers, separate “zones”
•  Different techniques for different systems:
     –  Java: thread isolation, classloaders, shared
        classloaders
     –  Linux: LXC, chroot
     –  MySQL, Oracle: create a DB per tenant
     –  Cassandra: keyspace isolation

© WSO2 2012                                        @pzfreo #wso2
Run your own PaaS?
•  Large enterprise with different groups of
   developers
     –  Consistent runtime internally
     –  Better utilization
•  Even more interesting:
     –  Domain-specific PaaS
     –  Vertical PaaS
     –  Your Business As A Service

© WSO2 2012                               @pzfreo #wso2
Vertical / Domain PaaS
Ecosystem Owner Partners Users       aka “Your Business As A Service”



                                 Tenant          Tenant             Tenant    Tenant
                                  Apps            Apps               Apps      Apps




                                                          PaaS

                                                 API Management / API Store


                                          Existing business systems as APIs

             © WSO2 2012                                                           @pzfreo #wso2
Speciation
•  Horizontal
     –  Speciation: Best of Breed PaaS
     –  Despeciation: “Complete” PaaS movement
•  Vertical
     –  Speciation: Vertical specific PaaS (Trading,
        Banking, Betting, Retail, Transcoding, …)
     –  Despeciation: CLT / non-vertical


© WSO2 2012                                       @pzfreo #wso2
PaaS will not just be about running
                  code
•  Developers care about:
     –  Coding
     –  Repositories
     –  Build
     –  Test
     –  Approval processes




© WSO2 2012                      @pzfreo #wso2
Integrating Development Management into Stratos:
                    App Factory




© WSO2 2012                                @pzfreo #wso2
                                     29
How does it work?
•  A set of integrated systems – e.g.:
     –  Redmine, project management
     –  SVN, Git
     –  JIRA
     –  Identity Server
     –  Governance Registry
     –  Maven
     –  Stratos
•  Integrated using ESB and Business Process Server
     –  Each system is connected via ESB
     –  Simple BPEL workflows orchestrate activities

© WSO2 2012                                            @pzfreo #wso2
AddUserToProject BPEL




© WSO2 2012                           @pzfreo #wso2
DeployAppToDev




© WSO2 2012                    @pzfreo #wso2
© WSO2 2012   @pzfreo #wso2
Stratos Evolution
•    Carbon
      –  Evolved from multiple linked projects into a component-ized / kernel-ized
         system using OSGi
      –  Completely Open Source and Open Architecture
•    Stratos
      –  Initial stage – Elastic Load Balancer
      –  Core work:
          •  Multi-tenancy in the kernel
          •  Self-Service
          •  Billing and Metering
      –  Next steps
          •  Adding more services – messaging, database (SQL/NoSQL), BAM, CEP

•  Current work
      –  Adding non-Java / Open SPIs for any service
      –  Development / Build / Governance
© WSO2 2012                                                                     @pzfreo #wso2
Summary
               Evolutionary story
•  Self-service deploy and run an application
•  From caring about the VM to caring about
   application-level concerns
•  Adding extra runtime services
     –  Queues, Databases, Workflows, etc
•  Deep multi-tenancy
•  Build vertical / domain-specific PaaS
•  Full lifecycle from project inception to
   deployment via build and test
© WSO2 2012                                   @pzfreo #wso2
Questions?




© WSO2 2012                @pzfreo #wso2
Resources
•  Try Stratos right now:
     –  https://stratoslive.wso2.com/
•  Read about Stratos:
     –  http://wso2.com/cloud/stratos/
     –  Source Download available
•  White Paper
     –  Selecting Platform as a Service
•  Blog Articles
     –    What is Platform as a Service?
     –    PaaS Evaluation Framework for CIOs and Architects
     –    How to simplify Platform as a Service Complexity 
     –    Searching for Cloud Reference Architecture
•  Contact me:
     –  paul@wso2.com

© WSO2 2012                                                   @pzfreo #wso2

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Evolution of PaaS

  • 1. The Evolution of PaaS QCon London 2012 Paul Fremantle CTO, WSO2 paul@wso2.com @pzfreo #wso2 #qconlondon © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 2. Moore’s Law for Data •  The amount of data online went from –  5 exabytes in 2002 –  281 exabytes in 2009 •  Doubled every 15 months •  You cannot deal with this data growth with the same applications –  A reasonable conclusion is that the number of applications will double every 15 months too © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 3. Application Development is yet to have its Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was driven by key technologies: •  Componentization – making tools and products from re-usable, standardized components. •  Which relied on standardized metrics/measures so that components could fit together •  Factories – A large clean space where multiple parts of the production process could share light, power and management to create consistency and governance. •  The IT industry is only just now reaching its industrial revolution. Open Standards are the metrics, Modularity Code and SOA are the componentization. Platform-as-a-Service is the Factory. © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 4. Enterprise Application Development Challenges •  Project Infrastructure takes too long to setup •  Too many projects fall through the cracks and use non- standard infrastructure, build, governance •  Projects use too many different unknown or unapproved libraries, frameworks, etc •  No clear idea of which projects are at which stage •  Few or no metrics on code quality, test coverage, re-use •  Little automated build or test •  Best practices are not applied everywhere •  Infrastructure takes too long to setup © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 5. What is Cloud? •  Depends who you are –  My daughter: iCloud (her music in the cloud) –  My mum: gmail (her email in the cloud) –  My VP sales: Salesforce (his prospects in the cloud) –  Sysadmin: Amazon/Rackspace/etc (his infrastructure in the cloud) –  *: what you care about, self-provisioned, managed, metered and paid per use, in the cloud © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 5
  • 6. Evolution Stage 1 “Cloud Washing” © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 7. Cloud Native •  Distributed/Dynamically Wired (works properly in the cloud) •  Supports deploying in a dynamically sized cluster •  Finds services across applications even when they move •  Elastic (Uses the cloud efficiently) •  Scales up and down as needed •  Works with the underlying IaaS •  Multi-tenant (Only costs when you use it) •  Virtual isolated instances with near zero incremental cost •  Implies you have a proper identity model •  Self-service (in the hands of users) •  De-centralized creation and management of tenants •  Automated Governance across tenants •  Granularly Billed and Metered (pay for just what you use) •  Allocate costs to exactly who uses them •  Incrementally Deployed and Tested (seamless live upgrades) •  Supports continuous update, side-by-side operation, in-place testing and incremental production © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 10. PaaS Software as a Service Custom- Dev Platform as a Service ization Ops Infrastructure as a Service © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 10
  • 11. Evolving from different strands •  Evolving “upwards” from IaaS –  Amazon •  Queuing, Mail, Notification/Events, Databases, Workflow, etc •  Elastic BeanStalk •  Evolving “downwards” from SaaS –  Force.com – a place to host additional per-tenant logic –  Google App Engine •  Evolving “sideways” from middleware Platforms –  WSO2, Tibco, vmWare, Oracle, IBM © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 12. What do I care about (as a dev)? •  My code – running –  Not a “VM” but a Virtual App Server •  Not just code: –  I like Queues and Topics, ESB flows, Workflows, Databases, Logs, Portals, etc •  Not just runtime –  I like SVN, Git, build, continuous integration, code coverage, automated test –  As a manager of devs I like governance :-) © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 13. Evolution Stage 2 Dealing with “Application / Developer” artefacts © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 14. What kind of PaaS is it? •  Application PaaS –  Google App Engine, Heroku, Stratos AS •  Integration PaaS –  Mule Ion, Stratos ESB •  Process PaaS –  ArisOnline, Stratos BPS •  Messaging PaaS –  StormMQ, Stratos MB •  Development PaaS –  CloudBees •  “Complete” PaaS © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 14
  • 15. Evolution Stage 3 Expanding Services © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 16. Open PaaS •  One of the key concerns of enterprise architects is Open- ness •  Lock-in is a huge concern for PaaS •  Open PaaS should mean: –  Open to run in different places •  Not just a PaaS but a project or product too –  Open to run on different IaaS infrastructures •  Layerable –  Open to run different types of application •  Not just Java or Ruby –  Open to new Services •  Not just applications –  Open Source? © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 16
  • 17. Who are the players in the PaaS market? •  Those with only Public PaaS (without a Private PaaS) –  Force.com –  Heroku –  Google App Engine –  Amazon Elastic Beanstalk •  Those with a Private / Public PaaS –  Tibco –  Microsoft (nearly) –  IBM / Oracle – talked about •  Those with an Open Private / Public PaaS –  SpringSource CloudFoundry –  WSO2 Stratos © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 17
  • 18. Stratos Overview •  A full middleware platform available as a service, with self service –  Fast provisioning •  Based on OSGi –  Modular, componentized, standard •  Multi-tenant, Elastic, Metered and Billed –  Effective and powerful •  Available under the Apache License –  Open Source, Open License, Open Development © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 19. Stratos resources •  Stratos SVN –  http://svn.wso2.org/repos/wso2/trunk/ stratos/ •  Stratos-dev list –  https://mail.wso2.org/cgi-bin/mailman/ listinfo/stratos-dev •  Stratos 1.5.1 builds –  http://builder.wso2.org/~carbon/releases/ stratos/ © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 19
  • 20. StratosLive http://stratoslive.wso2.com © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 21. ? © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 22. Cloud Economics •  Public Cloud economy is based on the Central Limit Theorem •  For private clouds, the CLT sucks –  Multi-tenancy is the economy of scale for private clouds © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 22
  • 23. Evolution Stage 4 Dealing with multi-tenancy effectively © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 24. How do you deal with multi- tenancy? •  Separate hardware, separate VMs, separate containers, separate “zones” •  Different techniques for different systems: –  Java: thread isolation, classloaders, shared classloaders –  Linux: LXC, chroot –  MySQL, Oracle: create a DB per tenant –  Cassandra: keyspace isolation © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 25. Run your own PaaS? •  Large enterprise with different groups of developers –  Consistent runtime internally –  Better utilization •  Even more interesting: –  Domain-specific PaaS –  Vertical PaaS –  Your Business As A Service © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 26. Vertical / Domain PaaS Ecosystem Owner Partners Users aka “Your Business As A Service” Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Apps Apps Apps Apps PaaS API Management / API Store Existing business systems as APIs © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 27. Speciation •  Horizontal –  Speciation: Best of Breed PaaS –  Despeciation: “Complete” PaaS movement •  Vertical –  Speciation: Vertical specific PaaS (Trading, Banking, Betting, Retail, Transcoding, …) –  Despeciation: CLT / non-vertical © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 28. PaaS will not just be about running code •  Developers care about: –  Coding –  Repositories –  Build –  Test –  Approval processes © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 29. Integrating Development Management into Stratos: App Factory © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 29
  • 30. How does it work? •  A set of integrated systems – e.g.: –  Redmine, project management –  SVN, Git –  JIRA –  Identity Server –  Governance Registry –  Maven –  Stratos •  Integrated using ESB and Business Process Server –  Each system is connected via ESB –  Simple BPEL workflows orchestrate activities © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 31. AddUserToProject BPEL © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 33. © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 34. Stratos Evolution •  Carbon –  Evolved from multiple linked projects into a component-ized / kernel-ized system using OSGi –  Completely Open Source and Open Architecture •  Stratos –  Initial stage – Elastic Load Balancer –  Core work: •  Multi-tenancy in the kernel •  Self-Service •  Billing and Metering –  Next steps •  Adding more services – messaging, database (SQL/NoSQL), BAM, CEP •  Current work –  Adding non-Java / Open SPIs for any service –  Development / Build / Governance © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 35. Summary Evolutionary story •  Self-service deploy and run an application •  From caring about the VM to caring about application-level concerns •  Adding extra runtime services –  Queues, Databases, Workflows, etc •  Deep multi-tenancy •  Build vertical / domain-specific PaaS •  Full lifecycle from project inception to deployment via build and test © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 36. Questions? © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 37. Resources •  Try Stratos right now: –  https://stratoslive.wso2.com/ •  Read about Stratos: –  http://wso2.com/cloud/stratos/ –  Source Download available •  White Paper –  Selecting Platform as a Service •  Blog Articles –  What is Platform as a Service? –  PaaS Evaluation Framework for CIOs and Architects –  How to simplify Platform as a Service Complexity  –  Searching for Cloud Reference Architecture •  Contact me: –  paul@wso2.com © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2