2. What is Quality Assurance?
Quality Control
Planned Systematic Activities
Monitoring of Processes
ISO 9000 Standards
CMM Level Standards
Six Sigma Standards
Measurement and Comparison with Standards
3. What is Software Testing?
Requirement Gathering
Requirement Analysis
Sign Off Requirement
Test Plan/ Strategy
Preparing Test Cases
Review and Freeze Test Cases
Execution of Test Cases
4. What is Software Testing? (Contd.)
Report the Bugs
Fixing the Bugs
Retest and Close the Bugs
Prepare the Defect Summary Report
Signoff QA
5. V&V
Verification: Have we built the software right?
(i.e., does it match the specification).
Validation: Have we built the right software?
(i.e., is this what the customer wants).
6. IT Project Team Structure
Project Manager
Development Manager
Dev. Lead/ Module Lead/ Sr. Developers
Developers
Business Analyst
Production Support Team
Web/ Application Server Support Team
Database Administrators
Test Manager/ Lead
Sr. QA Tester/ Sr. QA Analyst/ Sr. QA Engineer
QA Tester/ QA Analyst/ QA Engineer
7. What is SDLC?
SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle
Types of SDLC –
Waterfall Model
V Model
Spiral Model etc.
13. Methods of Testing
Unit Testing: The primary goal of unit testing is to take the smallest piece of
testable software in the application, isolate it from the remainder of the
code, and determine whether it behaves exactly as you expect
Integration Testing: Integration testing is a logical extension of unit testing.
In its simplest form, two units that have already been tested are combined
into a component and the interface between them is tested.
15. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
Regression Testing: Regression testing is the process of testing changes to
computer programs to make sure that the older programming still works
with the new changes.
Functional Testing: Functional testing is a type of black box testing that
bases its test cases on the specifications of the software component under
test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the
output, and internal program structure is not considered.
System Testing: System testing of software or hardware is testing
conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the system's
compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the
scope of black box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of
the inner design of the code or logic.
16. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
System Integration Testing: System Integration Testing (SIT) is a testing
process that exercises a software system's coexistence with others. With
multiple integrated systems, assuming that each have already passed
system testing, SIT proceeds to test their required interactions
User Acceptance Testing: User Acceptance Testing is often the final step
before rolling out the application. Usually the end users who will be using
the applications test the application before ‘accepting’ the application.
Black- box Testing: Black-box testing is a method of software testing that
tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its internal
structures or workings. Specific knowledge of the application's code/
internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required.
17. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
White- box Testing: White-box testing (also known as Clear box
Testing, Glass box Testing, Transparent box Testing and Structural Testing)
is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of
an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In
white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as
programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses
inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate
outputs.
Sanity Testing: Sanity testing is a quick test of the software build which
ensures the build is ready for a major testing effort.
Smoke Testing: Smoke testing is to test all major functionalities in the
application.
19. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
Business Process Testing: The Business Process Testing model is role-
based, allowing non-technical Subject Matter Experts (working in
Quality Center) to collaborate effectively with Automation Engineers
(working in Quick Test Professional). Subject Matter Experts define and
document business processes, business components, and business
process tests, while Automation Engineers define the required
resources and settings, such as shared object repositories, function
libraries, and recovery scenarios. Together, they can build, data-drive,
document, and run business process tests, without requiring
programming knowledge on the part of the Subject Matter Expert.
20. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
Backend/ Database Testing: Executing SQL statements to check if the
data submitted by a GUI program is updated in the database or not?
Backend testing is the testing the integration between the application
and the database. It is also checking the changes made in the database
is getting reflected in the application.
Example: A new column is added in the table. Here we test by giving
values in the application and value has to be stored in the table.
Exploratory Testing: Exploratory testing is a form of quality checking
that does not rely on test scripts. A tester is let loose on the system,
often with very little introduction, and they are encouraged to report
any and all issues they find.
30. QA Artifacts
Test Plan
Test Scenarios
Test Cases
Test Steps
Test Data
Test Estimation
Test Schedule
Security/ Access/ Entitlement requirements
31. Entry/ Exit Criteria in a Test Plan
Examples of Entry Criteria:
Testing Environment Established
Approved Business Requirements
Adequate Test data is available
Test plans are completed
Documented Test Cases and Results from prior test phase
Completed and reviewed Test cases / Test scripts
Access rights for the Testers were established
Examples of Exit Criteria:
All items in scope was tested
All test cases (100%) are executed: failed cases have a satisfactory resolution
Defects were documented and reported
All severity 1 (critical) and 2 (Major) defects are resolved and implemented
Applicable sign-off on testing was obtained
32. Test Case/ Test Steps Concepts
Pre-Conditions
Business Rules
Field Level Validations
User Interface Validations
Taking Screenshots
System Error/ Exception Messages
System / Confirmation Messages
Boundary Value Analysis
Equivalence Class Partisans
34. Test Scenario/ Test Case/ Test Steps
Example 1
Scenario Cases Test Steps
Camera Features
1.
2.
Take a picture 3.
1.
2.
Modify a picture 3.
1.
2.
Save as - 2 options 3.
1.
2.
Send as attachment in Email 3.
1.
2.
Embed picture in Email 3.
1.
2.
Delete picture 3.
35. Test Scenario/ Test Case/ Test Steps
Example 2
Scenario Cases Test Steps
Email in Yahoo
1.
2.
Compose Email 3.
1.
2.
Reply to Sender 3.
1.
2.
Forward Email 3.