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Sistemas Basados en el Conocimiento Pablo Daniel Jaramillo Fierro
RDF Se basa en la idea de convertir las declaraciones de los recursos en expresiones con la forma sujeto-predicado-objeto (conocidas en términos RDF como tripletes). El sujeto es el recurso, es decir aquello que se está describiendo. El predicado es la propiedad o relación que se desea establecer acerca del recurso. Por último, el objeto es el valor de la propiedad o el otro recurso con el que se establece la relación. La combinación de RDF con otras herramientas como RDF Schema y OWL permite añadir significado a las páginas, y es una de las tecnologías esenciales de la Web semántica.
Ejemplo RDF class 'MotorVehicle'.  <rdf:Description ID="MotorVehicle"> <rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf- schema#Resource"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID="PassengerVehicle"><rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>  <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="#MotorVehicle"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description ID="Truck">  <rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>  <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="#MotorVehicle"/></rdf:Description>  <rdf:Description ID="Van">  <rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="#MotorVehicle"/></rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID="MiniVan">
OWL OWL es el acrónimo del inglés Ontology Web Language, un lenguaje de marcado para publicar y compartir datos usando ontologías en la WWW. OWL tiene como objetivo facilitar un modelo de marcado construido sobre RDF y codificado en XML. Tiene como antecedente DAML+OIL, en los cuales se inspiraron los creadores de OWL para crear el lenguaje. Junto al entorno RDF y otros componentes, estas herramientas hacen posible el proyecto de web semántica.
Ejemplo <!DOCTYPE Ontology [     <!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >     <!ENTITY dc "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" >     <!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" >     <!ENTITY owl2xml "http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#" >     <!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >     <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >     <!ENTITY pizza "http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza.owl#" > ]>
<Ontology xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#"      xmlns:owl2xml="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#" xmlns:pizza="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza.owl#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"      URI="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza.owl">     <AnnotationannotationURI="&dc;title">         <Constant             >Ejemplo de una ontología para la calse pizza
</Constant>     </Annotation>     <SubClassOf>         <Class URI="&pizza;AnchovyTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;SeafoodTopping"/>     </SubClassOf>     <DisjointClasses>         <Class URI="&pizza;AnchovyTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;PrawnTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;TunaTopping"/>     </DisjointClasses>     <SubClassOf>         <Class URI="&pizza;CaperTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;VegetableTopping"/>     </SubClassOf>     <DisjointClasses>         <Class URI="&pizza;CaperTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;MushroomTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;OliveTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;OnionTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;PepperTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;TomatoTopping"/>     </DisjointClasses>
<SubClassOf>         <Class URI="&pizza;CheeseTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;PizzaTopping"/>     </SubClassOf>     <DisjointClasses>         <Class URI="&pizza;CheeseTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;MeatTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;SeafoodTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;VegetableTopping"/>     </DisjointClasses>     <SubClassOf>         <Class URI="&pizza;DeepPanBase"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;PizzaBase"/>     </SubClassOf>     <DisjointClasses>         <Class URI="&pizza;DeepPanBase"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;ThinAndCrispyBase"/>     </DisjointClasses>     <SubClassOf>         <Class URI="&pizza;GreenPepperTopping"/>         <Class URI="&pizza;PepperTopping"/>     </SubClassOf> …………………………………
………………………………………  </ObjectSomeValuesFrom>     </ObjectPropertyRange>     <SubObjectPropertyOf>         <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/>         <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/>     </SubObjectPropertyOf>     <InverseObjectProperties>         <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/>         <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;hasIngredient"/>     </InverseObjectProperties>     <TransitiveObjectProperty>         <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/>     </TransitiveObjectProperty>     <SubObjectPropertyOf>         <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isToppingOf"/>         <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/>     </SubObjectPropertyOf> </Ontology>
Fuentes Wikipedia. OntologicalEngineering.

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Rdf Y Owl

  • 1. Sistemas Basados en el Conocimiento Pablo Daniel Jaramillo Fierro
  • 2. RDF Se basa en la idea de convertir las declaraciones de los recursos en expresiones con la forma sujeto-predicado-objeto (conocidas en términos RDF como tripletes). El sujeto es el recurso, es decir aquello que se está describiendo. El predicado es la propiedad o relación que se desea establecer acerca del recurso. Por último, el objeto es el valor de la propiedad o el otro recurso con el que se establece la relación. La combinación de RDF con otras herramientas como RDF Schema y OWL permite añadir significado a las páginas, y es una de las tecnologías esenciales de la Web semántica.
  • 3.
  • 4. Ejemplo RDF class 'MotorVehicle'. <rdf:Description ID="MotorVehicle"> <rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf- schema#Resource"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID="PassengerVehicle"><rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="#MotorVehicle"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description ID="Truck"> <rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="#MotorVehicle"/></rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID="Van"> <rdf:typeresource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/> <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="#MotorVehicle"/></rdf:Description> <rdf:Description ID="MiniVan">
  • 5. OWL OWL es el acrónimo del inglés Ontology Web Language, un lenguaje de marcado para publicar y compartir datos usando ontologías en la WWW. OWL tiene como objetivo facilitar un modelo de marcado construido sobre RDF y codificado en XML. Tiene como antecedente DAML+OIL, en los cuales se inspiraron los creadores de OWL para crear el lenguaje. Junto al entorno RDF y otros componentes, estas herramientas hacen posible el proyecto de web semántica.
  • 6.
  • 7. Ejemplo <!DOCTYPE Ontology [ <!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" > <!ENTITY dc "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" > <!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" > <!ENTITY owl2xml "http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#" > <!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" > <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > <!ENTITY pizza "http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza.owl#" > ]>
  • 8. <Ontology xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#" xmlns:owl2xml="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2-xml#" xmlns:pizza="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza.owl#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" URI="http://www.pizza.com/ontologies/pizza.owl"> <AnnotationannotationURI="&dc;title"> <Constant >Ejemplo de una ontología para la calse pizza
  • 9. </Constant> </Annotation> <SubClassOf> <Class URI="&pizza;AnchovyTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;SeafoodTopping"/> </SubClassOf> <DisjointClasses> <Class URI="&pizza;AnchovyTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;PrawnTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;TunaTopping"/> </DisjointClasses> <SubClassOf> <Class URI="&pizza;CaperTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;VegetableTopping"/> </SubClassOf> <DisjointClasses> <Class URI="&pizza;CaperTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;MushroomTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;OliveTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;OnionTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;PepperTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;TomatoTopping"/> </DisjointClasses>
  • 10. <SubClassOf> <Class URI="&pizza;CheeseTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;PizzaTopping"/> </SubClassOf> <DisjointClasses> <Class URI="&pizza;CheeseTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;MeatTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;SeafoodTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;VegetableTopping"/> </DisjointClasses> <SubClassOf> <Class URI="&pizza;DeepPanBase"/> <Class URI="&pizza;PizzaBase"/> </SubClassOf> <DisjointClasses> <Class URI="&pizza;DeepPanBase"/> <Class URI="&pizza;ThinAndCrispyBase"/> </DisjointClasses> <SubClassOf> <Class URI="&pizza;GreenPepperTopping"/> <Class URI="&pizza;PepperTopping"/> </SubClassOf> …………………………………
  • 11. ……………………………………… </ObjectSomeValuesFrom> </ObjectPropertyRange> <SubObjectPropertyOf> <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/> <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/> </SubObjectPropertyOf> <InverseObjectProperties> <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/> <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;hasIngredient"/> </InverseObjectProperties> <TransitiveObjectProperty> <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/> </TransitiveObjectProperty> <SubObjectPropertyOf> <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isToppingOf"/> <ObjectProperty URI="&pizza;isIngredientOf"/> </SubObjectPropertyOf> </Ontology>