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Mangosteen
1.
2. Course No: FSC-506
Course Title: Breeding of fruit crops (2+1)
Pawankumarnagar
M.Sc.(Horti.)Fruitscience
REG.NO:04-2690-2015
3. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit tree
species known for its delicate exotic appeals
The tree is referred to as ‘Queen of tropical fruit’
Mangosteen fruit has a high economic value, thus it has good
prospects to be developed into an excellent export commodity
Finest fruit of the world
Typical example of parthenogenetic development
It is also known as ENRGY TABLET
In this glucose is present in readily available form.
4. Mangosteen fruit can be consumed fresh or as processed food.
Medicinal properties:
Used traditionally as medicine to treat inflammation, diarrhea,
dysentery, wounds and skin infection.
Fruit contains the secondary metabolite xanthones. The
biological effects of xanthones are diverse and include
antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, ant malarial, anti-
inflammatory, cytotoxic, and HIV-1 inhibitory activities.
5. B.N.: Garcinia mangostana
Family: Clusiaceae (Guttiferae)
Somatic chromosome number = 96
Polyploid (2n= 4x= 96)
The mangosteen is morphologically intermediate between
G. malaccencis and G. hombroniana.
Mangosteen is an obligate agamosperm which reproduces
by the adventitious budding of pro- embryos from ovular
tissues.
Taxonomy
6. G. dulcis
G. xanthochymus
G. prainiana
G. cowa
G. hanburyi
G. cambogia
G. hombroniana
WildGarciniaspecies
7. In Thailand, two classes of mangosteen are recognized:
Southern mangosteen: Large fruits, thick pericarp, green calyx
and reddish- pink color of ripe fruits
Nonthaburi mangosteen: Smaller, more elongated fruits with
thinner pericarp, red calyx and dark purple ripe fruits
Mangosteen is an erect trees and slow growing. It is caused by
bed rooting system, low of intake water and mineral, low of
photosynthesis rate, a long of dormancy phase. Characteristic of
mangosteen trees are
8.
9. In India, flowering occurs in April- May and again in October-
November
The mangosteen is dioecious and differ from many other
tropical trees in that the fruits are reproduced by
parthenogenesis
Female flowers are solitary or occasionally in pairs and develop
at the extreme tips of young branches
The female flowers are 5-6 cm in diameter and have four sepals
and four petals which are born on short, thick pedicel
10. The staminodes, which are numerous, are more or less
arranged in groups of 1-3 in 1-2 series, forming ring around the
base of the ovary
The ovary is sessile, subglobose and 4-8 celled. The prominent
thickened stigma is sessile and bears as many lobes as there are
cells in the ovary
The flowers are short lived; they open in the late afternoon and
the petals fall shortly thereafter
12. Desirable traits in new mangosteen cultivar includes:
Longer seed viability
Easier propagation
Faster growth in nursery
Short juvenile period
Higher tolerance of lower environmental humidity
Higher fruit yield
Free from gambose disorder
13. The mangosteen seeds are formed obligate apomicts and in the
group seed recalcitrant
The seed is not from the results of pollination and fertilization
but it’s comes from nucellus cells
Embryo that appear derived from somatic embryos
All mangosteen trees are believed to be genetically identical or
homogenous and genetic variability of mangosteen is very
limited
14. In spite of lack of variation in this species certain fruit
characteristics such as thickness of pericarp and pulp have been
observed to vary between individual trees
The elite plants with desirable fruit characters (size, color, pulp
quality- sweetness, acidity, fragrance etc., seed content and shelf
life) and heavy bearing need to be selected and multiplied for
future planning
15. As indicated, all bearing mangosteen trees are sexual
descendants of a single female tree which could be a
hybrid between G. mangostana and either G
.malaccencis or G. hombroniana
As such, all mangosteens essentially represent a single
seed reproducing clone
16. Very limited biotechnological work has been reported in this crop
Tissue culture techniques have been developed to propagate
mangosteen at faster speed
Proliferating shoots were obtained from cotyledon segments
cultured on modified MS medium with b-BAP
Genetic diversity of mangosteen was developed by using SSR
markers
Molecular analysis using RAPD showed DNA changing on mutant.
Two primers, i.e. OPH13 and OPH18 could differentiate between
wild and mutant, irradiated seed with 2 krad gamma rays