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Internet of 
Things 
(IoT)
What is IoT? 
(1) The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of 
Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects, 
usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring, 
such as household appliances. 
------Wikipedia 
(2) By embedding short-range mobile transceivers into a 
wide array of additional gadgets and everyday items, 
enabling new forms of communication between people 
and things, and between things themselves. 
------WSIS 2005 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Why IoT 
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next evolution 
of the Internet where devices of all types and 
capabilities are Internet accessible. IP-based Web 
Services will be the driving force behind the 
global growth and demand for the IoT. 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net 4
Sensor Devices are becoming widely 
Available 
- Programmable devices 
- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
More “Things” are being 
connected 
Home/daily-life devices 
Business and 
Public infrastructure 
Health-care 
… 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net 6
People Connecting to Things 
ECG sensor 
Motion sensor 
Motion sensor 
Motion sensor 
Internet 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Things Connecting to Things 
- Complex and heterogeneous 
resources and networks 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) 
Core network 
Gateway e.g. Internet 
Sink 
node Gateway 
- The networks typically run Low Power Devices 
- Consist of one or more sensors, could be different type of sensors (or actuators) 
9 
End-user 
Computer services 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
How are the networks changing? 
• Extensions 
– More nodes, more connections, IPv6, 6LowPan,... 
– Any TIME, Any PLACE + Any THING 
– M2M, IoT 
• Billions of interconnected devices, 
• Everybody connected. 
• Expansions 
– Broadband 
• Enhancements 
– Smart networks 
– Data-centric and content-oriented networking 
– Context-aware (autonomous) systems 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net 10
Future Networks 
Technology beyond the Dre 11 ams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.ne11t11
“Thing” connected to the internet 
Image Courtesy: : CISCO 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net 12 12
Internet of Things (IoT) 
• Extending the current Internet and providing 
connection, communication, and inter-networking 
between devices and physical objects, or 
"Things," is a growing trend that is often referred 
to as the Internet of Things. 
• “The technologies and solutions that enable 
integration of real world data and services into the 
current information networking technologies are 
often described under the umbrella term of the 
Internet of Things (IoT)” 
13 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Why should I learn about IoT? 
• Business trend 
• Emerging technologies 
• Growing IoT Services and Application 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Devices in Constrained IoT 
Environments 
• Endless applications in the IoT domain 
• Embedded low cost and low power devices 
• Legacy technologies 
• Current practice is stove pipe solution 
– single device – single application 
• Transformation needed 
– application independent devices 
– many-to-many 
• IP and the Web Paradigm paves the way to 
hide and avoid complexity and to provide 
simpler lower cost solutions 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
What is “constrained” 
Scaling Networks 
Low Bandwidth 
Low Cost 
Battery Powered 
Limited 
Processing 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Constrained but still Internet 
• Today - a complete IP based Web stack can be run 
on small devices with microcontrollers 
48 kB of Flash 
8 kB of RAM 
/temp /light /switch 
IEEE 
802.15.4 
Resources 
CoAP 
UDP 
IPv6 
6LoWPAN 
BTLE PLC DECT 
Internet 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
The Internet of Things 
M2M Environment 
Services Layer 
NanoService 
Challenge 
Proprietary HTTP/TCP 
Sensor 
Networks 
Cellular 
Networks 
IoT Market Challenges 
•Proprietary solutions unable to scale for volume 
•Technology unable to achieve targets 
– very low power / cost / data throughput 
•Complex application development 
•Legacy solutions incapable of supporting new 
use cases, features and functionality 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Embedded Web 
• The Internet of Things will be powered by Web 
technology 
• Technology from the IETF 
– Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) 
– Web Linking 
– Resource Directory 
– Security 
• Application Semantics 
– IPSO Application 
Framework 
– OMA Lightweight 
M2M Objects 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Embedded Web in M2M Standards 
IP and Web 
HTTP 
Web & Mobile Apps 
SE2.0 
IP Router 
HTTP 
CoAP 
OMA 
Lightweight 
CoAP 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
There is still a role for 
Gateways 
• Traditionally bridges heterogeneous 
networking technologies 
• Gateways can, and do, many more things 
– local storage 
– data processing, event filtering and stream 
analytics 
– semantic annotation and metadata 
– local sensor-actuator control loops 
– security perimeter 
– shielding resource constrained devices 
• Multiple applications and involving multiple 
stakeholders and service providers 
– Cloud based access to devices necessary 
Energy Mgmt 
IoT Enablement 
Surveillance 
Internet 
Gateway 
Service Providers 
6LoWPAN KNX BACnet ZigBee 
Device 
Mgmt 
Applications 
IoT 
Mgmt 
HVAC Ctrl 
Access Ctrl 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Uniform IoT Resource Access 
• Decouple IoT level issues from 
Device level issues 
– IoT resource abstraction 
– Separate bindings for Device 
Management vs. handling IoT 
resources 
• Provide normalization of M2M 
device capabilities 
– Generic Device API framework 
• Avoid stove pipe profiles 
• Go for simple profiles that are 
application independent to ensure 
interoperability 
– IPSO Application Framework 
– OMA Lightweight Objects 
• Allow adaptation to different cloud 
environments 
– Native Embedded Web Services – 
IETF CoRE 
– ETSI M2M mId 
– OMA DM and TR-069 
Cloud 
Gateway 
IoT Service 
Enablement 
CoAP HTTP 
CoAP/OMA 
Lightweight 
UPnP 
Adapter 
Remote Device 
Management 
OMA DM 
IMS 
OSGi TR-069 
TR-069 
Connector 
M2M SE 
mId 
ETSI M2M 
mId 
Connector 
Generic Device API 
Bonjour 
Adapter 
SDK 
Connector 
ZigBee 
Adapter 
OMA DM 
Connector 
Z-wave 
Adapter 
Bluetooth 
Adapter 
ANT+ 
Adapter 
CoAP/HTTP 
CoAP 
Adapter 
Proxy 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Embedded Web in Smart Home 
Demo 
• Smart Energy use case 
• Heterogeneous device integration 
– CoAP sensors and actuators 
– Z-Wave Smart Plugs 
• Uniform device exposure 
– REST via HTTP and CoAP 
– IPSO Application Framework 
• Supported: 
– CoAP 
– HTTP-CoAP proxying 
– Local caching and Observations 
– Resource Directory 
SWoT 
Client 
Cloud enablers 
RD Social Web Of Things Apps 
HTTP-CoAP Proxy 
Z-wave/CoAP 
Residential M2M Gateway 
Z-WAVE Smart Plugs, AEON LABS 
OSGi 
Linux 
Resource Directory 
CoAP Devices: STM32W Wireless MCU&Sensors, 
Smart Plugs STEVAL-IHP004V1 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
Embedded Web in ETSI M2M 
Demo 
Street Lighting M2M App 
POST Links mId mIa 
CoAP CoAP CoAP 
Web Linking semantics end-to-end 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
How to Build a Web of Things? 
Cellular 
AAA, 
Admin 
Billing 
HTTP / TLS 
Web Applications 
6LoWPAN, 
ZigBee IP, 
CoAP / DTLS 
Lightweight M2M 
CoAP / DTLS 
M2M Devices Backend – Private or Public Cloud 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
IoT Applications 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
IoT Applications 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
For more details 
– www.pantechsolutions.net 
– http://www.slideshare.net/pantechsolutions 
– http://www.scribd.com/pantechsolutions 
– http://www.youtube.com/pantechsolutions 
Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net

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Internet of Things

  • 2. What is IoT? (1) The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects, usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring, such as household appliances. ------Wikipedia (2) By embedding short-range mobile transceivers into a wide array of additional gadgets and everyday items, enabling new forms of communication between people and things, and between things themselves. ------WSIS 2005 Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 3. Why IoT • The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next evolution of the Internet where devices of all types and capabilities are Internet accessible. IP-based Web Services will be the driving force behind the global growth and demand for the IoT. Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
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  • 5. Sensor Devices are becoming widely Available - Programmable devices - Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 6. More “Things” are being connected Home/daily-life devices Business and Public infrastructure Health-care … Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net 6
  • 7. People Connecting to Things ECG sensor Motion sensor Motion sensor Motion sensor Internet Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 8. Things Connecting to Things - Complex and heterogeneous resources and networks Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 9. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Core network Gateway e.g. Internet Sink node Gateway - The networks typically run Low Power Devices - Consist of one or more sensors, could be different type of sensors (or actuators) 9 End-user Computer services Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 10. How are the networks changing? • Extensions – More nodes, more connections, IPv6, 6LowPan,... – Any TIME, Any PLACE + Any THING – M2M, IoT • Billions of interconnected devices, • Everybody connected. • Expansions – Broadband • Enhancements – Smart networks – Data-centric and content-oriented networking – Context-aware (autonomous) systems Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net 10
  • 11. Future Networks Technology beyond the Dre 11 ams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.ne11t11
  • 12. “Thing” connected to the internet Image Courtesy: : CISCO Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net 12 12
  • 13. Internet of Things (IoT) • Extending the current Internet and providing connection, communication, and inter-networking between devices and physical objects, or "Things," is a growing trend that is often referred to as the Internet of Things. • “The technologies and solutions that enable integration of real world data and services into the current information networking technologies are often described under the umbrella term of the Internet of Things (IoT)” 13 Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 14. Why should I learn about IoT? • Business trend • Emerging technologies • Growing IoT Services and Application Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 15. Devices in Constrained IoT Environments • Endless applications in the IoT domain • Embedded low cost and low power devices • Legacy technologies • Current practice is stove pipe solution – single device – single application • Transformation needed – application independent devices – many-to-many • IP and the Web Paradigm paves the way to hide and avoid complexity and to provide simpler lower cost solutions Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 16. What is “constrained” Scaling Networks Low Bandwidth Low Cost Battery Powered Limited Processing Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 17. Constrained but still Internet • Today - a complete IP based Web stack can be run on small devices with microcontrollers 48 kB of Flash 8 kB of RAM /temp /light /switch IEEE 802.15.4 Resources CoAP UDP IPv6 6LoWPAN BTLE PLC DECT Internet Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 18. The Internet of Things M2M Environment Services Layer NanoService Challenge Proprietary HTTP/TCP Sensor Networks Cellular Networks IoT Market Challenges •Proprietary solutions unable to scale for volume •Technology unable to achieve targets – very low power / cost / data throughput •Complex application development •Legacy solutions incapable of supporting new use cases, features and functionality Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 19. Embedded Web • The Internet of Things will be powered by Web technology • Technology from the IETF – Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) – Web Linking – Resource Directory – Security • Application Semantics – IPSO Application Framework – OMA Lightweight M2M Objects Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 20. Embedded Web in M2M Standards IP and Web HTTP Web & Mobile Apps SE2.0 IP Router HTTP CoAP OMA Lightweight CoAP Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 21. There is still a role for Gateways • Traditionally bridges heterogeneous networking technologies • Gateways can, and do, many more things – local storage – data processing, event filtering and stream analytics – semantic annotation and metadata – local sensor-actuator control loops – security perimeter – shielding resource constrained devices • Multiple applications and involving multiple stakeholders and service providers – Cloud based access to devices necessary Energy Mgmt IoT Enablement Surveillance Internet Gateway Service Providers 6LoWPAN KNX BACnet ZigBee Device Mgmt Applications IoT Mgmt HVAC Ctrl Access Ctrl Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 22. Uniform IoT Resource Access • Decouple IoT level issues from Device level issues – IoT resource abstraction – Separate bindings for Device Management vs. handling IoT resources • Provide normalization of M2M device capabilities – Generic Device API framework • Avoid stove pipe profiles • Go for simple profiles that are application independent to ensure interoperability – IPSO Application Framework – OMA Lightweight Objects • Allow adaptation to different cloud environments – Native Embedded Web Services – IETF CoRE – ETSI M2M mId – OMA DM and TR-069 Cloud Gateway IoT Service Enablement CoAP HTTP CoAP/OMA Lightweight UPnP Adapter Remote Device Management OMA DM IMS OSGi TR-069 TR-069 Connector M2M SE mId ETSI M2M mId Connector Generic Device API Bonjour Adapter SDK Connector ZigBee Adapter OMA DM Connector Z-wave Adapter Bluetooth Adapter ANT+ Adapter CoAP/HTTP CoAP Adapter Proxy Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 23. Embedded Web in Smart Home Demo • Smart Energy use case • Heterogeneous device integration – CoAP sensors and actuators – Z-Wave Smart Plugs • Uniform device exposure – REST via HTTP and CoAP – IPSO Application Framework • Supported: – CoAP – HTTP-CoAP proxying – Local caching and Observations – Resource Directory SWoT Client Cloud enablers RD Social Web Of Things Apps HTTP-CoAP Proxy Z-wave/CoAP Residential M2M Gateway Z-WAVE Smart Plugs, AEON LABS OSGi Linux Resource Directory CoAP Devices: STM32W Wireless MCU&Sensors, Smart Plugs STEVAL-IHP004V1 Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 24. Embedded Web in ETSI M2M Demo Street Lighting M2M App POST Links mId mIa CoAP CoAP CoAP Web Linking semantics end-to-end Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 25. How to Build a Web of Things? Cellular AAA, Admin Billing HTTP / TLS Web Applications 6LoWPAN, ZigBee IP, CoAP / DTLS Lightweight M2M CoAP / DTLS M2M Devices Backend – Private or Public Cloud Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 26. IoT Applications Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 27. IoT Applications Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net
  • 28. For more details – www.pantechsolutions.net – http://www.slideshare.net/pantechsolutions – http://www.scribd.com/pantechsolutions – http://www.youtube.com/pantechsolutions Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © www.pantechsolutions.net