Nelson Piedra

1. from local/regional OER Silos
towards an OER Global Dataspace
The Open Education Global Conference 2016
Kraków, Poland from the 12th to 14th of April 2016,
at the AGH University of Science and Technology.
The theme of #oeglobal is Convergence Through
Collaboration.
Nelson Piedra | @nopiedra
Nelson Piedra, Janneth Chicaiza, Jorge López
Universidad Técnica particular de Loja, Ecuador
Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación
Loja, Ecuador
nopiedra@utpl.edu.ec, {jachicaiza, jalopez2}@utpl.edu.ec
Edmundo Tovar Caro
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Dpto. Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos e Ingeniería Software
edmundo.tovar@upm.es

2. Summary: Connect Distributed and
Heterogeneous Open Educational Data
And Resources across the Web
• The problem: In recent years, distributed and heterogeneous data stores has gaining attention
of many researchers that attempts to logically interoperate and integrate several different
independent distributed heterogeneous data stores while allowing the local systems to maintain
complete control of their operations. In the OER context, the heterogeneous and distributed
repositories/resources connection is only theoretically feasible, but unfeasible in practice
because of the extremely heterogeneous and distributed environment. Sometimes the ability to
access, re-use, and integrate data sources, providing a wide degree of flexibility and
interoperability in a federated environment, even cannot be established.
• Goal: Use Semantic Web approach and Linked data technologies to consolidate and integrate
OER repositories and resources to ensure the best discovery, use, and reuse of OER. Linked
data is essential to connect the semantic web.
• Approach: Linked Data is about using the Web to connect related data that wasn't previously
linked, or using the Web to lower the barriers to linking data currently linked using other
methods. More specifically, Wikipedia defines Linked Data as "a term used to describe a
recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information,
and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF.” [Tim Berners-Lee, 2006]. Currently,
Linked Data delivers the most scalable and best performing interoperability available for Web
data sources.

3. to remember,
OPEN: "A piece of
knowledge is open if you
are free to use, reuse,
adapt and redistribute it"
http://www.opendefinition.org/okd
@nopiedra #OCW #OER #LOCWD #LinkedData #UPM #UTPL

4. CHALLENGES TO ADOPTING OER
• The barriers that faculty cite impacting the adoption of
OER are related to the ease of finding, selecting the
appropriate resource and evaluation of OER [1].
• Difficults reported are: No comprehensive catalog; Too
hard to find what I need; Not enough resources for my
subject; Not knowing if I have permission to use or
change; Not relevant to my local context; Not high-
quality (e.g. see [23]); Not used by other faculty I know;
Lack of support from my institution; Too difficult to
integrate into technology I use; Not effective at
improving student performance; Too difficult to change
or edit; Too difficult to use; Not current, up-to-date.

5. Are OER Really Open?
No, there is still much to do.
OER are made available under a Open
License. However, legally free not imply
that the OER is easy to discover, use,
reuse, adapt, remix, and share.
An open license doesn’t OER make.

6. Open license is not enough!

7. Current OER Ecosystem:
Distributed Silos
Limited discovering integration, single access,

8. Current OER Ecosystem: Distributed Silos
Limited discovering integration, single access
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System A:
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository
Storage Layer
(Deposits, collections,
metadata catalogue)
Silo
WebServices/API
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System B:
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository
Storage Layer
(Deposits, collections,
metadata catalogue)
Silo
WebServices/API
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System C:
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository
Storage Layer
(Deposits, collections,
metadata catalogue)
Silo
WebServices/API
The Web - HTTP
@nopiedra2015

9. Current SituaZon:
OER Silos
• Heterogeneous OER structures/
technologies/semanZcs.
• Large amounts of unstructured,
and semi-structured data.
• Although the collected data
from open educaZonal
repositories may have certain
structure accepted by
community, but not all OER
data have an similar or
compa;ble structure and
meaning.
• Open educaZon materiales are
shared as InformaZon Silos or
"Walled Gardens”.

10. The Tower of Babel by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1563)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Babel
OER ecosystem?

11. Challenge: connect silos
of OER data distributed
across the Web

12. An opportunity for OER Community:
The presence of OER silos impedes
the interoperability, discovery,
synthesis, and flow of knowledge.
Additionally, It’s difficult to develop
tools for consume global OER from
multiple OER silos.

13. Goal:
Exploitation and
integration of heterogeneous
and distributed datasets.
Tools: Queries, analysis, and
visualizations
datastore
Technologies and
methodologies Models Layers, data,
symbology
Metadata
Services
OER Repository B
Regional Initiative
datastore
Technologies and
methodologies
Models Metadata and
standards
Services
OER Directory C
OER Consorcia
Layers, data,
symbology
Datastore
Technologies and
methodologies
Models
Layers, data,
symbology
Metadata
Services
OER Repository A
Local/National Initiative
Challenge: connect silos of OER data
distributed across the Web
Scenario: heterogeneous and distribute
environment
Problem: (a) lack of integration and
interoperability facilities (b) overlap of
information (c) ambiguity in identification
of resources (d) heterogeneity
Other Datasources
OER
Silo A
OER Silo B
OER Silo C
OER Silo DData Requirement
OER query, explore,
re-use, re.mix

14. (z)autonom
y
heterogeneity (x)
distribution(y)
subordinating
homogenizing
centralizing
Managers have been told to break down the walls
between siloed information systems. A information silo
is a system that operates in isolation or separately from
others systems.
P1
P2
Current OER
Ecosystem:
Distributed Silos

15. The Solution not is: subordinating, homogenizing,
or centralizing OER Information Systems.
An best approach is developing OER
Semantically Interoperable Ecosystem.

16. Challenge: OER Interoperability and Global Integration
Approach: Linked data have the potential of create bridges
between OER data silos.
Mo;va;on: Discovery and Re-use of Open Educa;onal Resources…

17. The Way: Semantic Web
approach and Linked
Data Technologies

18. The World Wide Web uses relatively simple technologies
with sufficient scalability, efficiency and utility that they have
resulted in a remarkable information space of interrelated
resources, growing across languages, cultures, and media.

19. The 2001 Scientific American article by Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassie
described an expected evolution of the existing Web to a Semantic Web.
See: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262614/1/Semantic_Web_Revisted.pdf

20. The Semantic Web
A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a
revolution of new possibilities
By Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassila on May 1, 2001
“The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which
information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers
and people to work in cooperation”.
“Make the Web understandable for machines”.
The term was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data that can be
processed by machines.
See http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-semantic-web/
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
May 2001
Volume 284, Issue 5

21. Proposal

22. Use of Linked Data on OER Domain
• The philosophy of Linked Data is that the value
and usefulness of data increase in proportion to
their links with other data.
• The goal of Linked Data is to enable human
beings to easily share structured data via the
Web just as they share documents now.
• On this ground, Linked Data uses the Web to
create different types of links among data from
different sources.

23. <href> <href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
from Web of Documents
(unstructured information)
to Web of Linked Data
(structured information)
RDF Links
<> HTML
<> HTML <> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<href>
Towards single OER global dataspace
Using RDF to publish structure data on the Web, ontologies as an
explicit specification of a conceptualization, URI for every Web resource,
and linking between data resources within different data sources.
@nopiedra2016

24. Linked Data is Data Interoperability
The need for communication and interoperation between autonomous and distributed information
systems is increasing with the increasing usage of the Web.
e.g. interoperability between heterogeneous and distributed environments
TED2009 Tim Berners-Lee on the next Web

25. Breaking down the walls.
Understanding an greater empathy.
(z)autonom
y
heterogeneity (x)
distribution(y)
W
orking
togetherand
connecting
experiences
Connectand
informationexchange
Autonomy, heterogeneity and distribution are not the bigger
problem. The key problem is the presence of silos and poor
collaboration to establish agreements towards global
interoperability.
The LOD4OER initiative is a effort fostering global
collaboration to address interoperability and integration
challenges in OER ecosystem and open education. Silos and
isolation must stop. The way is breaking down the silos and
facilitating collaboration.
Grade of Interoperability
P(x,y,z)
@nopiedra2016
OER Interoperability, the
ability of OER information
systems to exchange and
make use of information.
OER Ecosystem
Semantically
Interoperable

26. • Because LinkedData holds the potential to move our
OER collections out of their silos
• Open the data and content silos, to leverage the
knowledge capital represented by our OER
repositories
• To enrich our information landscape, to improve
visibility
• To improve ease of discovery open academic
resources
• To improve ease of consumption and reuse of OER
• To reduce redundancy in searched of OER
• Promoting innovation and Added Value to Open
Educational Content
Why publish Linked OER Data?

27. EXAMPLE: raw data within UPM
opencourseware web page
Title
OCW
University
Author(s)
year
description
knowledge area
bibliography
ects credits
time autoself
Department
syllabus

28. Linked Data for OER Principles
LOD4OER approach is based on The Linked Data Design Issues, in OER context, are:
1. Use URIs as names for things, which can be unambiguously identified (e.g. OERs, coursewares,
OER creators, OER providers, knowledge areas,)
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. With the aid of URIs, the
corresponding OER data and relevant interlinked data can be dereferenced.
3. RDF to describe and SPARQL to queries. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful
information, using the standards (RDF*, SPARQL) to describe linked OER data, which are
machine-readable and repurposed to serve the proposed architecture to enhance integration
with reused and interoperated OER data.
4. Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more entities. Linked Data—particularly
data available using open licenses—has an important role to play on information systems and
could be a key feature for Open Education based on OER data on the Web of Data.
HTTP URI
RDF
SPARQL

29. HTTP-URIs to denote/identifies anything at all through
the Web. URIs, in the web architecture, have been used
to"information resources” or web-pages, leaving a
consistent architecture.

30. RDF enables you to open your data to applications
through the Web. RDF is very flexible and extensible.
RDF is a way of recording and sharing semantic
information about resources.
RDF Triples
Resource Description Framework"
subject
<uri>
traits or aspects of the resource
predicate
typed-link
traits or aspects of the resource
object
<uri> or “literal”
traits or aspects of the resource

31. oerLOD4
powered by
linked open data for open educational resources

32. OER Community
OER Interoperability Framework
Goal: Define and promoting
semantic interoperability between
OER repositories

33. the goal is enhance the discoverability,
reuse and integration of OER into
classroom instruction. From a general
perspective, the framework is the
synergy between Linked OER Data and
human expertise.
Proposed
framework

34. Synergy
Human Expert and Linked OER Data System
The proposed framework combines the traditions of knowledge
sharing and creation (human power) with emergent technology
to create a vast ecosystem of openly shared educational
resources, while harnessing today’s collaborative spirit to
develop educational approaches that are more responsive to
learner’s needs.
@nopiedra 2016

35. OER Ecosystem
(Global OER Dataspace
Semantically Interoperable)
OER ecosystem composed of silos of information
— heterogeneous, autonomous and distributed.
OER
Silo B
OER
Silo A
Models: OWL,
RDFS, SKOS
OER
Silo C
Information exchange and
Queries: RDF and SPARQL
Global names for OER entities:
HTTP-URIs enables data from different
sources to be connected and queried.
The Web as Platform
Federated
Queries
OER services/applications
based on LOD4OER
OER Ecosystem
Semantically Interoperable
Global OER Dataspace — Efficient and
effective cross-border and cross-
knowledge interaction/integration
between information systems.
Linked Data is used to publishing structured data
so that it can be interlinked and become more useful.

36. LOD4OER Framework

37. Open Educational Resources Ecosystem
Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER
information systems (autonomous, heterogeneous and distribute).
OER Interoperability
Considerations
OER Interoperability Ecosystem
Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge
interaction/integration between OER information systems
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Organizational
Considerations
Technological
Considerations
Legal Considerations
(open licensing)
Agreements
Strategy vision & Support
Setting strategic goals, requirements,
priorities and support common agreements
of collaboration (LOD4OER work force).
Web of LD
OER Data
Provider
SPARQL
endpoint
OER Data
Provider
SPARQL
endpoint
SPARQL
endpoint
OER Data
integrator
OER
OER
OER
OER metadata/data as Linked Open Data
Continuous improvement
Context: Open Education, EFA and
OER Declarations; International effort
in production of OER, development
of OER Practices, agreements about
interoperability, sharing and reuse;
LD best practices and tools.
Actors: OER providers, OER
consumers, OER consortia,
researchers, and developers.
OER Community
OER4LOD Life-cycle
Semantic Resources
Best Practices
User interface and OER Applications based on LOD4OER
OER APPs and
Mashups
OER Search and
Discovery
Productivity and
data integration
Information and Semantics
Considerations
⚙ OER Apps based on LOD4OER

38. LOD4OER Life-Cycle

39. Data source analysis:
identify OER providers
& select content/
resources offered with a
free and open license.
i. Select sources of data
(information sources)
• Specification: scope and
explicit set of requirements
to be satisfied by LOD4OER.
• Describe the main technical
features of the data selected.
Concept mapping
base URI:
http://purl.org/locwd/
RDFS:
http://purl.org/locwd/schema#
Resources:
http://purl.org/locwd/resources/
URI design
Vocabulary
development
(search/reuse
ontologies)
ii. Ontology modelling
LOD4OER
Common and
consensuated
ontology
2
3
4
iii. Generation of RDF
resources
Define data
patterns for
RDF conversion
Data cleansing
(detecting and
correcting corrupt or
inaccurate data),
disambiguation &
data reconciliation
Content extraction
from selected
datasources
(APIs, sql, csv, JSON,
WS, or scraping for
non-structured content)
iv. Data publication
(storage level)
Data enrichment
Extractor of data
patterns
(entity recognition,
classification &
clustering)
• Generation of URI Cools
• Create RDF links to
resources in the LOD-
Cloud)
Publish extracted
data as LinkedData
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
Sparql EndPoint
Repositories of Open
Educational Resources
OER
mobile
data
visualization
recommender systems
(for use, reuse and
adaptation of OER)
OER discovery
tools
Faceted
semantic
search
OER Apps based on
Linked Data
Learning assistant
based on OER
LOD4OER Triple-store
Linked OER
Data
• URIs for OER things
• RDF for describe Entities
• Links to other LOD-things
v. Application Layer
11
12
raw content
raw data
Facilitate finding, retrieving, sharing and adaptation of OER
linked data design issues and data quality assurance
OCW-S Builder
(MOOCs based on OER)
OER-nuggets
@nopiedra #OCW #OER #LOCWD #LinkedData #UPM #UTPL
LOERD: Linked OpenEducationalResources Data
Public DomainAPI
Open Educational
Resources Providers

40. OER Interoperability Ecosystem
Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration between OER repositories
@nopiedra LOD4OER
OER APPs and
Mashups
OER Search and
Discovery
Productivity and data
integration
User interface and OER Applications
Information interchange: RDF
RDF (& RDF Schema relationships
semantics are accessible and
comprehensible to humans and
machines=
Linked OER Data storage
and publishing Query: SPARQL
Identifiers: URI/IRI UNICODE
Representational Vocabularies:
RDFS, SKOS
Ontologies:
OWL
The Web as Platform: HTTP (as Transport layer)
Semantic Web Infraestructure: LOD4OER
OER’s Silos
An information or data silo is an isolated management
system incapable of reciprocal operation with other, related
information systems.
OER Information silo occurs whenever a OER system is
incompatible or not interoperable with other OER systems.
Hyperlinks (<href>) are not sufficient to achieve semantic
interoperability between OER repositories.
<> HTML
<href>
<href>
<> HTML
<> HTML
Interoperability Framework
Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER repositories
Methodology
from OER Silos (Web of Documents - Unstructured information) to OER Interoperability (Web of Linked Data - structured information)
OER Community
EFA and OER Vision;
agreements about
interoperability; LD work
force, promotes
collaboration, sharing and
reuse de best practices
and tools
(Current OER
publication)
Actions from/to
Extraction, Transformation
and Loading
Continuous improvement
Propose future actions.
Analyze & Validate.
Action
Construction and Operation
of Semantic Interoperability
OER datastores.
Guidelines to Implementation
Semantic Interoperability
Guidelines to contribute to the
convergence of interoperable
OER services.
Design
Interoperability approach
based in SemWeb and
LD technologies
Openness:
publication,
discovery, use,
reuse, adaption, add
value, remix, and
redistribute of OER
repositories
SemanticWebApproachandLinkedDataDesignIssues
|OpenLicensingQualityAssurance|DataProvenance
|ReuseResources,LDBestPracticesandTools
Definitions and Initial
Setting strategic priorities and
objectives. Common agreements.
OER Actors: providers, consumers,
consortia, researchers, developers
Strategy and Support

41. OER Interoperability Ecosystem
Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration between OER repositories
OER Community
@nopiedra LOD4OER
User interface and OER Applications
Information interchange:
RDF
RDF (Resource Description
Framework ) is a model for
representing data as triples.
Linked OER Data storage
and publishing
Query: SPARQL
SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language provides a way to run Structured Queries over LD datasets
Identifiers: URI/IRI UNICODE
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) provides a simple and extensible means for identifying a resource.
Representational Vocabularies: RDFS, SKOS
Vocabularies provide lists (and definitions) of common terms
that can be used to describe the contents of a dataset -
definitions of classes, properties, relations, and other objects.
Ontologies: OWL
“An explicit specification of a conceptualization” (Gruber ontology definition).
The ontology defines (specifies) the concepts, relationships, constraints and
other distinctions that are relevant for modeling a domain (i.e. OER).
The Web as Platform: HTTP (as Transport layer)
OER data is hosted on servers that can talk Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to each other and to browsers in order to exchange data across the Internet.
Semantic Web Infraestructure: LOD4OER
OER Users: teachers, students, self-
learners, researchers
OER Providers, Universities, OER
Consortia, OA Initiatives/Repositories.
International declarations and common
agreements to support OER vision about
OER and EFA (Education for ALL).
Impulse, development and maintenance of
Interoperable Open Educational Resources
ecosystem.
EFA and OER Vision; agreements about interoperability;
LD work force, promotes collaboration, sharing and
reuse de best practices and tools
Elements of a Linked Open Data Stack. Adapted
from Tim Berners-Lee LD Stack, and draft sketch
by Tim Davis for IKM Working Paper on Linked
Open Data for Development.
OER APPs and Mashups
Mashups combine multiple OER and OA datasets to create a new
OER service, data visualization, recommender systems, mobile apps.
Search/Discovery
Linked Data search engines allow search across the Web of Data.
Conventional search may present information derived from linked
data (e.g. WS and JSON-LD).
Productivity
Linked data facilitates data integration
for business intelligence or research.
Strategy
and
Support
Interoperability Framework
Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER repositories
Methodology
Continuous improvement
Propose future actions.
Analyze & Validate.
Action
Construction and Operation
of Semantic Interoperability
OER datastores.
Guidelines to Implementation
Semantic Interoperability
Guidelines to contribute to the
convergence of interoperable
OER services.
Design
Interoperability approach
based in SemWeb and
LD technologies
Openness:
publication,
discovery, use,
reuse, adaption, add
value, remix, and
redistribute of OER
repositories
SemanticWebApproachandLinkedDataDesignIssues
|OpenLicensingQualityAssurance|DataProvenance
|ReuseResources,LDBestPracticesandTools
Definitions and Initial
Setting strategic priorities and
objectives. Common agreements.

42. The notion of Class in RDFS
rdfs:Class
🏫 ⚙ ⛏ 📊
⚖ 💎 👪 🌎
🔬 🏖 🎻 🏢
🐞 🐄🐛 🎭
Una clase es un conjunto de
recursos que tienen características
y representaciones comunes en un
universo de discurso.
rdf:type

43. The notion of instance
👪
:Persona rdf:type rdfs:Class .
A particular issue of class is
named an instance of class
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type

44. SPARQL can be used to express queries across
diverse data sources, whether the data is stored
natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware.

45. A SPARQL query example that models the question
"What are all the country capitals in Africa?":
PREFIX ex: <http://example.com/exampleOntology#>
SELECT ?capital ?country
WHERE {
?x ex:cityname ?capital ;
ex:isCapitalOf ?y .
?y ex:countryname ?country ;
ex:isInContinent ex:Africa .
}

46. Linking OER data to other linked open data.

47. The State of the LOD Cloud 2014 document provides statistics about the structure and content of the crawlable subset of the LOD cloud in April 2014.
LInked OER Data & LOD-CLOUD

48. @nopiedra2015
Extracción Mapeo Transformación Publicación
Photo: iStock
Información no
estructurada
Datos
estructurados
from WIKIPEDIA to DBPEDIA

49. Webpage: Cordillera de Los Andes
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_de_los_Andes
Resource: Cordillera de Los Andes
http://es-la.dbpedia.org/resource/Cordillera_de_los_Andes
@nopiedra2015
SPARQL endpoint: http://es-la.dbpedia.org/sparql
graph:http://es-la.dbpedia.org/graph/data

50. Case of Use 1.
Interoperability of Open
Access Repositories

51. Open Educational Resources Ecosystem
OER Repository
OER metadata/data as Linked Open Data
Extraction, Data
Preprocessing,
Vocabulary Modeling,
RDF Transformation,
Data Linking, Publication
and Maintenance
OER APPs and Mashups
OER Search and Discovery
Productivity and data integration
Access
Interface
Federated
SPARQL
endpoint
Ad hoc queries
User Interface & OER App
Methodology
Input
LOD4OER Transformation ⚙ LD Consume
OutputSemantic Interoperability Guidelines to contribute to the convergence of interoperable OER services.

52. OAI-PMH vs Linked Data
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Harvester
Requests (OAI “verbs”): Identify,
ListMetadataFormats; ListSets; ListRecords;
ListIdentifiers
Responses: General Information; Metadata
formats; Set structure; Record identifier; Metadata
Web
OAI-PMHOAI-PMHOAI-PMH
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Federated
SPARQL
endpoint
Web
SPARQL
endpoint
SPARQL
endpoint
SPARQL
endpoint
a. Approach Using OAI-PMH. The Web is an
transport infrastructure of data and metadata.
b. Approach based on Linked Open Data
The data and metadata are part of the same web.
Fedora, DSpace, and EPrints
implement the OAI-PMH
protocol by default.
Service
Provider
SPARQL
endpoint
@nopiedra2015
Data
integrator

54. OER about a specific subject
SPARQL endpoint: http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/sparql
Graph: http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar
SELECT DISTINCT ?bibresource ?title
WHERE {
?bibresource a <http://purl.org/dc/terms/BibliographicResource> .
?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> ?title .
?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject> ?subject .
?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/description> ?desc .
FILTER ( REGEX(?title, "Accesibilidad", "i") ||
REGEX(?desc, "Accesibilidad ", "i") || REGEX(?subject, "Accesibilidad", "i"))
}
bibresource title
http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/resource/
41219a41e42cec29b7ff332ff2dd6cea
"Análisis de la atención a las personas con discapacidad a través de los
programas y servicios de accesibilidad y recreación, para grupos de atención
prioritaria en la Provincia de Cotopaxi en el año 2012"http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/resource/
0fc11a4209b97e27186c9b70aaf0a12b
"Medios de comunicación y el trabajo en la red con herramientas web 2.0"

55. Case of Use 2.
Global Discovery and Reuse of
OER for MOOC/courseware
design

56. Prototype:
• The framework provides an approach that allows to
Courseware Designers to discover and access open
educational resources that are extracted from open
repositories distributed.
• Therefore, a challenge for the community is promoting
OER initiatives with channels that facilitate the discovery,
use and reuse for teachers, students and self-learners
incorporate them in the educative practice.
• From a technical point of view, the openness of OERs
covers issues such as interoperability and discovery. In
previous work we have presented how these features can
be enhanced by applying Semantic Web technologies and
Linked Data.

57. The education is seen as an essential, shared, re-
used, adapted, and collaborative social good.
OER movement envisions a world where
everyone, everywhere, anytime has access to the
high quality education and training they desire
Conceptual View

58. Technical View

59. Conclusions
• Linked Data technologies can also help to integrate
the work of disperse institutions producing diverse
linked data.
• Linked Open Data (LOD) is well known for providing a
extensive amount of detailed and structured
information.
• Linked Data vision enables a new generation of open
educational resources that can be semantically
described and connected with other data and
discoverable sources.

60. gracias!
@nopiedra
nopiedra@utpl.edu.ec
The Open Education Global Conference 2016
Kraków, Poland from the 12th to 14th of April 2016, at the
AGH University of Science and Technology.
The theme of #oeglobal is Convergence Through
Collaboration.
from local/regional OER Silos
towards an OER Global Dataspace

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62. • Good practice: Identify with URIs. To benefit from and
increase the value of the World Wide Web, agents should
provide URIs as identifiers for resources.
• Constraint: URIs Identify a Single Resource. Assign
distinct URIs to distinct resources.
• Good practice: Avoiding URI aliases. A URI owner
SHOULD NOT associate arbitrarily different URIs with the
same resource.
• Good practice: Reuse URI schemes. A specification
SHOULD reuse an existing URI scheme (rather than create
a new one) when it provides the desired properties of
identifiers and their relation to resources.