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1. Values Formation
GEC511

2. Module 1
INTRODUCTION
 What is a value?
 Why is there a need for values?
 Can values be taught?
 Are values subjective or objective?
 Are values permanent or
changeable?
 What are Filipino Values?

3. What is a Value?
Value is something desirable,
worth having, worth
possessing, worth keeping
and worth doing.
Value is identical with good.

4. Why is there a need
for values ?
The crucial answer is for
the sake of survival,
sanity, peace of mind;
and this explains why
values is inseparable
from life.

5. Can Values be
Taught?
Yes.. The family is the primary
carrier of values. Values are
passed on from parents and
elders. The growing child
imitates every actuation,
speech, mannerism,
disposition, expression, etc.
of those around him..

6. Are values subjective
or objective?
Both subjective and objective.
Subjective because there should
be a subject to notice, disclose,
and recognize its being a value;
Objective because there should
be essential features inherent in
a thing of value that allure and
appeal to a subject.

7. Are values permanent
or changeable?
Values are permanent,
objective and unchangeable.
Carriers and transmitters of
values are relative, subjective
and changeable.

8. What are Filipino
Values?
Are the things Filipinos
consider good,
important, proper,
suitable, worthy, right,
acceptable, and
desirable in life.

9. Module 2
General Types of Values

10. Set A Types of Values
1. Appetitive value
2. Sensuous/sexual value
3. Aesthetic value
4. Intellectual value
5. Moral Value
6. Spiritual Value
7. Value of the Holy

11. Appetitive value
Refers to the desirable
nature of food and water
that satisfies one’s
hunger and thirst.
Also known as survival
value.

12. Sensuous/Sexual Value
This correspond to sexual
meaning in as much as
sexual desire can only be
satisfied by this value.
It makes women and men to
work hard to the bones, to
make lot of sacrifices, to
love and to dream.

13. Aesthetic Value
This satisfies an
individual’s aesthetic
desire or feeling of
beholding a beautiful
thing or scenery, and
appreciating the work of
art.

14. Intellectual Value
This fulfill the
individual’s intellectual
desire.
Being the only animal
gifted with reasons, man
desires to know.

15. Moral Value
Relates to conduct or
character viewed from the
concept of right and
wrong.
“It is better to be a
human dissatisfied
than a pig satisfied”. –
John Stuart Mill

16. Spiritual Value
Corresponds to our
spiritual feelings such as
those marked or
characterized by the
highest qualities of human
mind.

17. Value of the Holy
Refers to the sacred and
hallowed beliefs, some
things which are the
objects of worship or
veneration. Holy meant
the divine or that which
has sanctity directly from
the absolute sphere.

18. Value of the Holy
Examples are:
1.value of cult
2.Value of religion
3.Value of worship
4.Value of sacrament
5.Value of prayer
6.Value of rosary
7.Value of the mass
8.Value of the church

19. Set B Types of Values
1. Personal value
2. Psychological value
3. Sociological value
4. Cultural value
5. Historical value

20. Set B Types of Values
6. Behavioral value
7. Educational value
8. Political value
9. Sensational value
10. Sentimental value

21. Personal value
Refers to one’s own
individual and exclusive
value. Every person has
his own value preferences
depending upon one’s
own interests and desires,
concerns, goals, and
aspirations.

22. Personal value
Examples.
The value of worship
The value of freedom
These depends on their
living conditions and
growth in intellectual
and moral awareness.

23. Psychological value
That which is suitable for
appealing to an
individual’s mind.
1.A book of principle
2.Inspirational talk
3.Presence of a friend
4.A daughter picture for a
OFW

24. Sociological value
Pertains to the workings
of human society where
individuals form
continuous and regulatory
association for the mutual
benefits and protection.

25. Sociological value
Examples are:
1.Interrelationships of
individual within the
community.
2.Intermarriages among
peoples
3.Peace and order
4.Cooperation
5.Unity

26. Cultural value
Refers to society’s own
features of development,
learned behavior patterns of
any specific period, the
training and refinement of
mind, morals, or taste of a
given people or community.

27. Cultural value
Ex.:
1.Respect for elders
2.Kissing the forehead and
hands of parents, uncles or
aunts.
3.Bowing one’s head in
greetings (“magandang
umaga, “mano po”,
“kumusta po kayo”

28. Historical value
Pertains to or is
concerned with treating
events of history, like
historical account of
momentous occurrences
in a given country or
people.

29. Historical value
Example:
1.The granting of independence
by the Americans
2.The worlds famous EDSA I
and EDSA II people power.
3.The martyrdoms of
GOMBURZA, Jose Rizal, Ninoy
Aquino, etc. (For them, Filipino
is worth dying for..)

30. Behavioral value
Means the manner of
conducting oneself
properly, of comporting
oneself well, acting
correctly, and of
controlling oneself
politely.

31. Behavioral value
1.Self control or self-
discipline.
2.Politeness or courtesy
3.Honesty
4.Patience
5.Diligence
6.Fidelity and sincerity
7.Friendship
8.Observing golden rule

32. Educational value
The things that has an
instructive worth. It is
informative,
enlightening, educative,
eye-opening, and
mentally enriching.

33. Educational value
1.A class trip or excursion
to land marks (world-famed
Rice Terraces in Sagada,
Mount Province)
2.A well-delivered speech
about graft and corruption
with corresponding
proposed solutions.
3.Watching a good movie or
reading good books.

34. Political Value
It is anything that has
significance in politics,
that is, in the science
and art of government
or the administration
and management of
public or state affairs.

35. Political value
1.Kinship or relationship either
by consanguinity or affinity
2.Cultural values such as utang
na loob, pakikisama, and
compadrazgo.
3.One’s popularity either as a
movie star or as a basketball
player.
4.Competence, intelligence,
educational attainment,
achievements, performance,

36. Sensational Value
Things that produces
great interest or
excitement, like
sensational story or
event.

37. Sensational Value
Involves all attempts to
make a thing, an event, an
act, a story or a film
stimulating, electrifying,
shocking, hair-raising,
spine-boggling,
astounding, marvelous
and wonderful.

38. Sentimental Value
Pertains to anything that
elicits sentimentality,
emotional reaction, tender
feeling, and sweet
nostalgia, because of
certain noble experiences
associated with it.

39. Sentimental value
1.A ring – signifies one’s
former sweetheart or
spouse.
2.The SM Bacolod
3.One’s friend
Explains why people cannot
give up or sell things which
for them have sentimental
value.

40. Set C Types of Values
1. Commercial value
2. Financial value
3. Conjugal value
4. Scientific value
5. Technological value

41. Set C Types of Values
6. Ecological value
7. Instrumental value
8. Intrinsic value
9. Relative value
10. Ultimate value

42. Instrumental Value
An object has
instrumental value insofar
as it is a means to some
other end.
Are those that contribute
to the attainment of a
purpose.

43. Ex. of Instrumental
Value
1.Educational attainment
or academic degree – for
high paying job
2.A pencil, a piece of
chalk and a blackboard –
for a teacher for his
writing, teaching and
research.

44. Intrinsic Value
An object has an intrinsic
value if it is an end in
itself. The intrinsic value is
not man-made nor
arbitrary. It exist
independently of human
valuation. Ex. Is the
Ecosystem.

45. Relative Value
The last value in a
particular series of
values. It is the ulterior
value to which other
values in the said series
are directed.

46. Relative Value
1.Studies – good
employment – secure
source of income –
family’s comfort and
happiness.

47. Ultimate Value
The last value of all
values in a series. It is
the final and absolute
value that one has to
strive for, which is the
culmination of all human
struggles and effort.

48. Ultimate Value
There being no final
answers to quench
man’s thirst for meaning,
humans feel an inner
need for grounding, a
frame of reference, or an
ultimate value.

49. Ultimate Value
1. Materialism
2. Hedonism
3. Marxism
4. Hinduism
5. Taoism
6. God-ism (theism)
7. Humanism

50. Materialism
Materialism claims
that the ultimate
value is matter and
this is the only life we
have. (“We should
enjoy life to the
fullest for we live
only once”)

51. Hedonism
Sensuous pleasure is
the one and only
good, hence the
ultimate value of
earthly existence.
(Once sex is gone
there is nothing more
worthwhile to live

52. Mightism
Life ultimate value
consists in power, which
connotes authority,
domination, superiority,
control, prestige,
supremacy, influence,
leadership, mastery over
others, compulsion,
coercion and might.

53. Marxism
The ultimate value is
attainable only in a
classless society,
where men shall enjoy
the real meaning of
freedom, justice, and
equality amongst all
men.

54. Hinduism
Professes nirvana as
the ultimate value of
human existence.
Describes as a state
of desirelessness,
eternal bliss, and
perfect joy, nirvana
marks the soul’s final

55. Hinduism
One attains nirvana
after the soul shall
have been completely
purified from all sins
through a long
process or cycle of
rebirths or
reincarnation,

56. Taoism
Professes the Tao as
the ultimate value, the
center of all
meanings.

57. Taoism
The Tao is the one and
only ultimate meaning
of all that exists,
insofar as the Tao is
“the way of life”, “the
way of heaven”, “the
way of nature”, “the
universal order”, and

58. God-ism
Theism affirms the
existence of God as the
Alpha and the Omega, the
ultimate value of human
life. It teaches about
heaven as God’s Kingdom
where human soul attains
beatific vision of God and
share His eternal

59. Humanism
Man himself as the
highest ideal and he
himself is the culmination
of all strivings. Man is
nothing but what he will
make of himself. He is no
less than his own plans
and how he is going to
carry out and realize his

60. Humanism
It is every
individual’s
responsibility to
design and fashion
the true value of life.