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the near future of tourism services
     based on digital traces




       nicolas nova
       21.10.2010 | Swiss e-Tourism Forum

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Hello, my name is Nicolas Nova. I am a researcher at Liftlab, a research agency
based in Geneva. In this talk today, I will show you how digital traces produced
by digital devices (mobile telephone, cameraphones, location-based services,
etc.) can be seen as an opportunity to design innovative services for tourism
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

For the record, I wrote two books about location-based services, mobile applications and the
issues at stake when designing them.
3D graphics




Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Historically, in the last few years, we’ve seen lots of innovation, which may have an influence
on tourism/touristic services. 3d rendering played for instance an important role to allow
people to prepare their visits.
Location-based services
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Location-based services such as Loopt (https://app.loopt.com but there are plenty of others) also received lots of attention. At
the most basic level, they allow to improve navigation (think about car GPS devices) but mobile application also enable people to
get information about where there friends/contacts are located, where to find specific shops and services, etc.
Augmented Reality
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Obviously Augmented reality is the new grail for lots of people. See for example Layar
(http://layar.com/), an innovative Augmented Reality application that acts as a local search
engine which displays the results as a visual overlay on top of reality.
Augmented Reality
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Metro Paris Subway (http://www.metroparisiphone.com), an augmented reality application that it shows bus
and subway routes, locates nearby travel stations, and highlights points of interest along the way, such as
restaurants and hotels.
driving force:
                      “data is the new intel
                         inside” (Tim oʼreilly)


Wednesday, October 21, 2009
All these projects are interesting, it’s been 15-20 years research labs are working on prototypes along these vectors. They do
have plus and minuses but the problem I see is that they’re based on a limited focus. Indeed, they are mostly input/output
interfaces. Another way to look into things would be to start from the DATA and adopt a bottom-up approach about what do
with them. Let’s have a look at the kind of data that could be employed.
Social practice:
     “personal informatics”
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Personal informatics like the Nike+iPod Sports Kit: device which measures and records the
distance and walk pace on your iPod/iPod Touch/iPhone 3GS. It allows you to view the walk
or run history.
Social practice:
     “personal informatics”
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Personal informatics is not only for people with iPhone but kids also use it with Nintendo DS.
See for example Walk with Me by Nintendo, a little keyfob electronic pedometer to track up
your walkabouts and uploads them in the console to see your walking routines.
Social practice:
     “personal informatics”
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

It’s not only physical movements... also software usage, music on itunes, books checked on
Amazon could be tracked and employed
Social practice:
        user-generated content
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

The picture one put on the Web too
Social practice:
                                user-generated content




Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Your upcoming travels can also be shared through platforms such as Dopplr or WAYN
Technological change:
      sensors

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Data can additionally come from sensors
Technological change:
      sensors

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

And your (smart)phone is of course a sensor
Policies: open GIS, open data

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Finally, policies are changing now and more and more public data are shared (open GIS, open
data initiative). This is also an important material.
Public data                                  Urban sensors




              Flickr pictures
              Spatial coordinates
                                                                Phone (GPS/
              Movements
                                                                cell-id, camera,
              ...
                                                                mp3, web
                                                                browsing...)


Wednesday, October 21, 2009

So end up with plenty of data sources: public database (sensor, weather, pollution), personal
objects that report about their status, “traces” generated by people activity (intentional
traces: photo on flickr, background information: the music people listen to on itunes, the
books checked on Amazon...)
some examples



Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Real Time Rome
      (Sensable City Lab)

Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Real-time Rome aggregated data from cell phones to better understand urban dynamics in real time. By revealing the pulse of
the city, the project aims to show how technology can help individuals make more informed decisions about their environment.
In the visualizations of Real Time Rome we synthesize data from various real-time networks to understand patterns of daily life
and special events in Rome. MIT SENSEable City Lab, Real-Time Rome: http://senseable.mit.edu/realtimerome/
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Vélib, fête de la musique 2008, made by Fabien Girardin out of data from the paris bike rental system
Barcelona on Flickr
        (Fabien Girardin)
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the city:
http://www.girardin.org/fabien/tracing/
Barcelona on Flickr
        (Fabien Girardin)
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the city:
http://www.girardin.org/fabien/tracing/
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the country:
http://senseable.mit.edu/worldseyes/
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the country: Switzerland. The
visualizations of Flickr pictures allows evaluating the potential of using people-generated geotagged information to contribute
urban understanding.
what’s the point?



Wednesday, October 21, 2009

This is all nice and sexy but what’s the point? how is this pertinent for the tourism industry?
1. Reveal the invisible
      + improve statistics
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
The first goal is certainly representational: as every map, it could be pertinent to make visible and explicit phenomena that are
invisible. The analysis reveals new elements, either hidden in databases or new data-source
2. Make people participate

Wednesday, October 21, 2009
In addition, it can enable to engage people differently in their environment (WikiCity, MIT Sensable City lab:http://
senseable.mit.edu/wikicity/rome/): by showing them these new phenomena some researchers hypothesize that city inhabitants
may be influenced. The question they would like to explore are the following: 'How do people react towards this new perspective
upon their own city while they are determining the city's very own dynamic?' and 'How does having access to real time data in the
context of possible action alter the process of decision making in how to go about different activities?'
3. Evaluate urban strategy
      (Sensable City Lab)
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
These maps can also be useful to evaluate urban strategies. The MIT Sensable City Lab worked on the evaluation of the Waterfall
project in NYC
3. Evaluate urban strategy
      (Sensable City Lab)
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
The project allowed to characterize visitor’s dynamic based on picture shared by people on Flickr (explicitly disclosed) and
records of mobile phone network usage (implicitly-generated) to map the spatial distribution
 of locals and visitors to evaluate
the impact of the New York City Waterfalls on the attractiveness of the
  waterfront. This new sort of data enable to develop

     attractiveness indicators to evaluate strategies
3. Evaluate urban strategy
      (Sensable City Lab)
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
4. Improve the infrastructure?
Image courtesy of Sense Networks
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Fabien Girardin’s work about Bicing in Barcelona + other people are working on these datasets too: Aleix Ruiz de Villa has
developed an algorithm to improve the distribution of the bikes http://www.lavanguardia.es/ciudadanos/noticias/
20090314/53659920153/un-joven-barcelones-idea-un-algoritmo-para-mejorar-el-bicing.html
4. Improve the infrastructure?
Image courtesy of Sense Networks
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Fabien Girardin’s work + other people are working on these datasets too: Aleix Ruiz de Villa has developed an algorithm to
improve the distribution of the bikes http://www.lavanguardia.es/ciudadanos/noticias/20090314/53659920153/un-joven-
barcelones-idea-un-algoritmo-para-mejorar-el-bicing.html
Citysense shows you how active
                                                         locations are right now and which
                                                         ones are abnormally active. It sees
                                                         cities “from above and puts the
                                                         top live hotspots in your hand” by
                                                         crunching vast amounts of data
                                                         emanating from thousands of cell-
                                                         phones, GPS-equipped cabs and
                                                         other data devices to paint live
                                                         pictures of where people are
                                                         gathering.



                                     5. New forms of (real-time)
                                     services
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Beyond these usages, the data can also be employed to create new forms of real-time services such as Citysense (http://
www.citysense.com)
Image courtesy of Sense Networks
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
5. Allow people to make
      informed decisions
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
EveryBlock (http://www.everyblock.com) filters an assortment of local news by location so you can keep track of what’s
happening on your block, in your neighborhood and all over your city.
6. Dynamic signage
Image courtesy of Sense Networks
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Dash is a service that combines traditional GPS navigation to the collection of contextualized, aggregated and geolocalized
traces of other users. It therefore approaches traffic in an original way – by collecting it from other people driving real commute
routes, during real commute times. Each Dash Express anonymously and automatically sends its position and speed back to
servers at the Dash Network Operations Center. The Dash servers then update all other Dash devices in the area with current
road speeds. That way, members of the Dash Driver Network always have the best, most up-to-date traffic information available.
problems?
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

What are the issues at stake
privacy

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Privacy is a sensitive issue (quite logical) Who owns the data? Who takes care of the data?
infrastructure problems




Wednesday, October 21, 2009
technological flaws




Wednesday, October 21, 2009
uncertainty, accuracy troubles

Wednesday, October 21, 2009
conclusion
         • Hybridization of the digital and the physical
         • Records of people interactions (intentional or implicit)
               enable to quantify our behaviors and create new
               indicators

         • These traces lead to lots of opportunities: detailed
               analysis of touristsʼ experience (marketing+evaluation
               tool) + create tourist activity/infrastructures accordingly
               + design real-time information applications for tourists

         • Both for tourists AND services providers + public
               bodies

Wednesday, October 21, 2009
merci
        nicolas@liftlab.com
Wednesday, October 21, 2009

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the near future of tourism services based on digital traces

  • 1. the near future of tourism services based on digital traces nicolas nova 21.10.2010 | Swiss e-Tourism Forum Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Hello, my name is Nicolas Nova. I am a researcher at Liftlab, a research agency based in Geneva. In this talk today, I will show you how digital traces produced by digital devices (mobile telephone, cameraphones, location-based services, etc.) can be seen as an opportunity to design innovative services for tourism
  • 2. Wednesday, October 21, 2009 For the record, I wrote two books about location-based services, mobile applications and the issues at stake when designing them.
  • 3. 3D graphics Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Historically, in the last few years, we’ve seen lots of innovation, which may have an influence on tourism/touristic services. 3d rendering played for instance an important role to allow people to prepare their visits.
  • 4. Location-based services Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Location-based services such as Loopt (https://app.loopt.com but there are plenty of others) also received lots of attention. At the most basic level, they allow to improve navigation (think about car GPS devices) but mobile application also enable people to get information about where there friends/contacts are located, where to find specific shops and services, etc.
  • 5. Augmented Reality Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Obviously Augmented reality is the new grail for lots of people. See for example Layar (http://layar.com/), an innovative Augmented Reality application that acts as a local search engine which displays the results as a visual overlay on top of reality.
  • 6. Augmented Reality Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Metro Paris Subway (http://www.metroparisiphone.com), an augmented reality application that it shows bus and subway routes, locates nearby travel stations, and highlights points of interest along the way, such as restaurants and hotels.
  • 7. driving force: “data is the new intel inside” (Tim oʼreilly) Wednesday, October 21, 2009 All these projects are interesting, it’s been 15-20 years research labs are working on prototypes along these vectors. They do have plus and minuses but the problem I see is that they’re based on a limited focus. Indeed, they are mostly input/output interfaces. Another way to look into things would be to start from the DATA and adopt a bottom-up approach about what do with them. Let’s have a look at the kind of data that could be employed.
  • 8. Social practice: “personal informatics” Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Personal informatics like the Nike+iPod Sports Kit: device which measures and records the distance and walk pace on your iPod/iPod Touch/iPhone 3GS. It allows you to view the walk or run history.
  • 9. Social practice: “personal informatics” Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Personal informatics is not only for people with iPhone but kids also use it with Nintendo DS. See for example Walk with Me by Nintendo, a little keyfob electronic pedometer to track up your walkabouts and uploads them in the console to see your walking routines.
  • 10. Social practice: “personal informatics” Wednesday, October 21, 2009 It’s not only physical movements... also software usage, music on itunes, books checked on Amazon could be tracked and employed
  • 11. Social practice: user-generated content Wednesday, October 21, 2009 The picture one put on the Web too
  • 12. Social practice: user-generated content Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Your upcoming travels can also be shared through platforms such as Dopplr or WAYN
  • 13. Technological change: sensors Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Data can additionally come from sensors
  • 14. Technological change: sensors Wednesday, October 21, 2009 And your (smart)phone is of course a sensor
  • 15. Policies: open GIS, open data Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Finally, policies are changing now and more and more public data are shared (open GIS, open data initiative). This is also an important material.
  • 16. Public data Urban sensors Flickr pictures Spatial coordinates Phone (GPS/ Movements cell-id, camera, ... mp3, web browsing...) Wednesday, October 21, 2009 So end up with plenty of data sources: public database (sensor, weather, pollution), personal objects that report about their status, “traces” generated by people activity (intentional traces: photo on flickr, background information: the music people listen to on itunes, the books checked on Amazon...)
  • 18. Real Time Rome (Sensable City Lab) Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Real-time Rome aggregated data from cell phones to better understand urban dynamics in real time. By revealing the pulse of the city, the project aims to show how technology can help individuals make more informed decisions about their environment. In the visualizations of Real Time Rome we synthesize data from various real-time networks to understand patterns of daily life and special events in Rome. MIT SENSEable City Lab, Real-Time Rome: http://senseable.mit.edu/realtimerome/
  • 19. Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Vélib, fête de la musique 2008, made by Fabien Girardin out of data from the paris bike rental system
  • 20. Barcelona on Flickr (Fabien Girardin) Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the city: http://www.girardin.org/fabien/tracing/
  • 21. Barcelona on Flickr (Fabien Girardin) Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the city: http://www.girardin.org/fabien/tracing/
  • 22. Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the country: http://senseable.mit.edu/worldseyes/
  • 23. Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Visualisation of pictures taken by people, geotagged, and uploaded on Flickr... and mapped onto the country: Switzerland. The visualizations of Flickr pictures allows evaluating the potential of using people-generated geotagged information to contribute urban understanding.
  • 24. what’s the point? Wednesday, October 21, 2009 This is all nice and sexy but what’s the point? how is this pertinent for the tourism industry?
  • 25. 1. Reveal the invisible + improve statistics Wednesday, October 21, 2009 The first goal is certainly representational: as every map, it could be pertinent to make visible and explicit phenomena that are invisible. The analysis reveals new elements, either hidden in databases or new data-source
  • 26. 2. Make people participate Wednesday, October 21, 2009 In addition, it can enable to engage people differently in their environment (WikiCity, MIT Sensable City lab:http:// senseable.mit.edu/wikicity/rome/): by showing them these new phenomena some researchers hypothesize that city inhabitants may be influenced. The question they would like to explore are the following: 'How do people react towards this new perspective upon their own city while they are determining the city's very own dynamic?' and 'How does having access to real time data in the context of possible action alter the process of decision making in how to go about different activities?'
  • 27. 3. Evaluate urban strategy (Sensable City Lab) Wednesday, October 21, 2009 These maps can also be useful to evaluate urban strategies. The MIT Sensable City Lab worked on the evaluation of the Waterfall project in NYC
  • 28. 3. Evaluate urban strategy (Sensable City Lab) Wednesday, October 21, 2009 The project allowed to characterize visitor’s dynamic based on picture shared by people on Flickr (explicitly disclosed) and records of mobile phone network usage (implicitly-generated) to map the spatial distribution of locals and visitors to evaluate the impact of the New York City Waterfalls on the attractiveness of the  waterfront. This new sort of data enable to develop attractiveness indicators to evaluate strategies
  • 29. 3. Evaluate urban strategy (Sensable City Lab) Wednesday, October 21, 2009
  • 30. 4. Improve the infrastructure? Image courtesy of Sense Networks Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Fabien Girardin’s work about Bicing in Barcelona + other people are working on these datasets too: Aleix Ruiz de Villa has developed an algorithm to improve the distribution of the bikes http://www.lavanguardia.es/ciudadanos/noticias/ 20090314/53659920153/un-joven-barcelones-idea-un-algoritmo-para-mejorar-el-bicing.html
  • 31. 4. Improve the infrastructure? Image courtesy of Sense Networks Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Fabien Girardin’s work + other people are working on these datasets too: Aleix Ruiz de Villa has developed an algorithm to improve the distribution of the bikes http://www.lavanguardia.es/ciudadanos/noticias/20090314/53659920153/un-joven- barcelones-idea-un-algoritmo-para-mejorar-el-bicing.html
  • 32. Citysense shows you how active locations are right now and which ones are abnormally active. It sees cities “from above and puts the top live hotspots in your hand” by crunching vast amounts of data emanating from thousands of cell- phones, GPS-equipped cabs and other data devices to paint live pictures of where people are gathering. 5. New forms of (real-time) services Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Beyond these usages, the data can also be employed to create new forms of real-time services such as Citysense (http:// www.citysense.com)
  • 33. Image courtesy of Sense Networks Wednesday, October 21, 2009
  • 34. 5. Allow people to make informed decisions Wednesday, October 21, 2009 EveryBlock (http://www.everyblock.com) filters an assortment of local news by location so you can keep track of what’s happening on your block, in your neighborhood and all over your city.
  • 35. 6. Dynamic signage Image courtesy of Sense Networks Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Dash is a service that combines traditional GPS navigation to the collection of contextualized, aggregated and geolocalized traces of other users. It therefore approaches traffic in an original way – by collecting it from other people driving real commute routes, during real commute times. Each Dash Express anonymously and automatically sends its position and speed back to servers at the Dash Network Operations Center. The Dash servers then update all other Dash devices in the area with current road speeds. That way, members of the Dash Driver Network always have the best, most up-to-date traffic information available.
  • 36. problems? Wednesday, October 21, 2009 What are the issues at stake
  • 37. privacy Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Privacy is a sensitive issue (quite logical) Who owns the data? Who takes care of the data?
  • 41. conclusion • Hybridization of the digital and the physical • Records of people interactions (intentional or implicit) enable to quantify our behaviors and create new indicators • These traces lead to lots of opportunities: detailed analysis of touristsʼ experience (marketing+evaluation tool) + create tourist activity/infrastructures accordingly + design real-time information applications for tourists • Both for tourists AND services providers + public bodies Wednesday, October 21, 2009
  • 42. merci nicolas@liftlab.com Wednesday, October 21, 2009