Kinyarwanda workbook slideshow

Table of Contents
TOPIC 1: Greetings and introduce yourself! 2
TOPIC 2: Introduce someone! 8
TOPIC 3: Talk about your family! 15
TOPIC 4: Asking and giving directions! 21
TOPIC 5: Ask Prices and Bargain in the Market! 25
TOPIC 6 : Describe your feelings! 30
TOPIC 7: Gather information about big days! 35
TOPIC 8: Politely accept or refuse an invitation! 41
TOPIC 9: Safety Issues! 46
TOPIC 10: Explain Daily activities! 50
TOPIC 11: Ordering a meal in a restaurant! 54
TOPIC 12: Describe your housing problem! 58
Wednesday, May 7, 2014

TOPIC 1: Greetings And Introduce Yourself
Gusuhuza No Kwibwira Abandi
Learning Objectives
• Greet someone in Kinyarwanda at a precise moment of the day.
• Say your name and what you do in Kinyarwanda when
• Ask someone his news in Kinyarwanda without using notes.
• Bid farewells to someone at a precise moment of the day without reading in the notebook.
I. 1. DIALOG
JAY: Mwaramutse
DAVID: Mwaramutse
JAY: Amakuru
DAVID: Ni meza, ni karibu. Ni mwicare
JAY: Murakoze.
DAVID: Muri bande?
JAY: Nitwa Jay, ndi umunyamerika, ndi umuganga, ndi umukorerabushake. Ntuye i Remera
DAVID: Ni byiza, njye nitwa David ndi umwongereza ariko ntuye hano mu Rwanda Kimironko

I. 2. Vocabulary
Professions /Amazina y‘imirimo
Kinyarwanda English
Umushoferi __________________________
Umuhinzi __________________________
Umutetsi __________________________
Umuganga __________________________
Umurobyi __________________________
Umwarimu __________________________
To make them plural, change “U – mu” to ―A- ba”
Examples:
Singular Plural
Umushoferi Abashoferi
Umuhinzi Abahinzi
Umutetsi Abatetsi
Umuganga Abaganga
Umurobyi Abarobyi

I.3. Grammar
Verb ―to be in simple present / Inshinga ―Kuba mundagihe.
Njyewe, Justin, ndi umwarimu w‘ikinyarwanda. Wowe, JAY, uri umukozi. James we ni umuganga. James ari mu biro.
The underlined words represent the verb ―kuba (to be) conjugated in simple present. Notice that they change with the personal pronoun with which they are used.
Njyewe ndi umwarimu.
Wowe uri umukozi.
We ni umugangai.
We ari mu biro.
The verb Kuba is an irregular verb. This how it’s conjugated in simple present.
Ndi
uri
ni/ari
turi
muri
ni/ bari
1.) Ari and Bari – used when talking about location.
2.) Ni – used when talking about state.
Examples:
Justin ari mu biro John ni muremure.
Justin is in the ofﬁce. John is tall.

Different ways of greeting / gusuhuza
Greeting someone you meet for the ﬁrst time or after a long period of time.
A: Muraho?
B: Muraho!
I.4.2. Greeting in the morning or before noon.
A: Mwaramutse?
B: Mwaramutse!
I.4.3. Greeting in the afternoon or in the evening.
A: Mwiriwe?
B: Mwiriwe!
I.4.4 Greetings to be used any time of the day/night. ( Informal
A: Bite
B: Ni byiza
Bidding farewells/ Gusezera
I.5.1. Farewell when you think you will not see someone for a long time
A: Murabeho!
B: Murabeho!
I.5.2. Farewell to be used in the morning till evening
A: Mwirirwe!
B: Mwirirwe!
I.5.3. Farewell in the evening
A: Muramuke!
B: Muramuke!

I. 4. PRACTICE
Excercise 1
Fill in the empty spaces using the verb Kuba conjugated for the appropriate person.
1) Barack Obama______________ Perezida.
2) Wowe ______________umunyeshuri.
3) Wowe ______________mu ishuri.
4) David Petreous ______________muri Irak.
5) Michael Jimmyson ______________umuririmbyi.
6) Justin ______________mu biro.
Excercise 2
Fill in the appropriate phrases in the empty lines:
a) A: ______________________
B: Muraho!
A: Amakuru!
B: ______________________
A: Mwirirwe!
B:________________________
b) A: _________________________
B: Mwiriwe!
A: _________________________

B: Ni meza.
A: Muramuke!
B:____________________________
I. 5. Home work / umukoro
Go and ask friends their names and introduce yourself to them. Please make notes of some new words you have learned and be
prepared to share them with your teacher and your classmates.
Example
Nitwa __________. Mwe muri bande ? (Mwe babita bande?)
Ndi umukozi wa One Acre fund. Wowe ukora iki?
Ndi umunyamerika. Wowe uturuka he? Urubatse? Uﬁte abana bangahe?

TOPIC 2: Introduce Someone
Kubwira Undi Abandi
Learning objectives
• Introduce a friend using their names and profession in Kinyarwanda.
• Describe his/her profession in Kinyarwanda to somebody.
• Greet somebody in Kinyarwanda at a precise moment of the day.
• Ask questions in Kinyarwanda about someone else‟s profession and identity.
II.1. DIALOG
Umurerwa: Tok, tok, tok
Mariya: Karibu!
Umurerwa: Muraho?
Mariya: Muraho! Nimwicare.
Umurerwa: Murakoze. Uyu mushyitsi yitwa Betty, ni mugenzi wanjye. Ni umunyamerika, ni umukozi wa One Acre Fund.
Mariya: Eeeh! Betty, utuye he?
Betty: Ntuye i Butare.
Mariya: Uﬁte abana bangahe?
Betty: Sindi umugore, ndi ingaragu.
Mariya: Ni byiza, nishimiye kubamenya
Betty: Nanjye nishimiye kubamenya
Umurerwa: Turatashye, murabeho!
Mariya: Murabeho, murakoze.

II.2. VOCABULARY
II.2.1. Nationalities / Amazina y‟ubwenegihugu
Kinyarwanda English
Umunyamerika _______________________
Umunyarwanda _______________________
Umurundi _______________________
Umugande _______________________
Umwongereza____________________
Umufaransa_________________________
Rule: Nationality is formed by: “Umunya” + the name of a country.
Examples:
Kenya Umunyakenya
Rwanda Umunyarwanda
Kanada Umunyakanada
Rule: Countries starting with “Ubu”, replace “Ubu” with “Umu”.
Uburundi Umurundi
Ubugande Umugande
II.2.2. Other words and expressions / Andi magambo
Karibu ____________________________

Nimwicare ____________________________
Umushyitsi ____________________________
Mugenzi ____________________________
Umugabo ____________________________
Umugore ____________________________
Ingaragu ____________________________
II.3. GRAMMAR
II.3.1. Conjugation of the verbs “To be” and “To have” in simple present
Verb to be / Kuba: Negative form
Sindi mu ishuri
Ntituri abatetsi
Nturi hanze
Ntimuri abashoferi
Ntari mu biro.
Rule: To make negative put “nti” at the beginning of the conjugated verb.
On the 1st person of singular and, put Si instead of “nti”. “Ni” always becomes “si”.
The other way of negate is using NTABWO.
Example:
Ntabwo ndi umugore
Ntabwo ari umugabo
Ntabwo turi abaganga

To have / Kugira: Affirmative form
Mfite igitabo
Dufite…
Ufite ikaramu
Mufite…
Afite impapuro
Bafite…
To have / Kugira: Negative form
Simfite igitabo
Ntidufite…
Ntufite ikaramu
Ntimufite…
Ntafite impapuro
Ntibafite…
You can also use Ntabwo
Ntabwo mfite
Ntabwo ufite
Ntabwo dufite
II.4. These are other ways of asking somebody his/her name:
! Witwa nde?
Nitwa _______________
! Uri nde?
Ndi _______________
! Bakwita nde?
Banyita _______________
! Izina ryawe ni irihe?

Izina ryanjye ni _____________
! Muri ba nde ?
Uyu bamwita________, jyewe nitwa __
! Mwitwa ba nde ?
Turi abakozi ba One Acre Fund
! Babita ba nde ?
Nitwa/Izina ryanjye ni ______________
! Izina ryanyu ni irihe ?
Nitwa _______________
! Ko ntabazi ?
Nitwa _______________
II.5. PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks: Fill in these blanks with the appropriate nationalities.
1. Marc ni (Ubufaransa) Marc ni_______________
2. Mary ni (Ubwongereza) Mary ni_______________
3. Mugabe ni (Zimbabwe) Mugabe ni_______________
4. Abdou Diouf ni (Senegali) Abdou Diouf ni_______________
5. Djibril ni (Gineya) Djibril ni_______________
Exercise 2
Conjugate the verbs kuba or kugira in the following sentences.
1. Mwebwe____________(kuba) Abanyamerika.
2. Abasitagiyeri bose_______________(Kuba) Abanyamerika.

3. Yohani_______________(kugira) abana bane.
4. Njyewe na Mariya_______________(kuba) abakobwa.
5. Kamali na Kagira_______________(kuba) mu ishuri.
6. Wowe_______________(kugira) imodoka.
Exercise 3
Q & A
1) Uri nde?
_______________John.
2) Uﬁte iki?
_______________igitabo
3) Bakwita nde?
______________Betty
4) Izina ryawe ni irihe?
_______________ni July
5) Mariya aﬁte iki?
_______________ikaramu
6) Aba ni bande?
_______________Thomas_______________Malea
7) Uyu bamwita nde?
_______________Alphonsine

8) Ko ntabamenye?
Njye_________Taylor, uyu _________Emily.twese _________
9) Uyu muri kumwe akora iki?
_____________________________
10) Ubusanzwe mwe mukora iki?
____________________________
Exercise 4
Translate the following dialog in Kinyarwanda
Umurerwa: (she is knocking)
Mariya : Come in.
Umurerwa: Good morning.
Mariya: Good morning. Sit down.
Umurerwa: Thank you. This guest is Betty. She is married and she is my colleague. She is from California.
Mariya: Are you a VSO Volunteer?
Betty: I am not a VSO Volunteer; I am a PSI Trainee.
Umurerwa: Good bye.
Mariya: Good bye.
II.6. Home work / umukoro
Go and ask at least three people about their job using ―Mukora iki?, and be prepared to share the answers with the others in your next language class.

TOPIC 3: Talk About Your Family
Gusobanura Umuryango
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Explain in Kinyarwanda relationships between family members.
• Ask questions in Kinyarwanda about someone’s family.
• Answer questions about your family relationships in Kinyarwanda.
III.1. DIALOG
Mike: Muraho?
Odette: Muraho! Tubahaye ikaze, nimwicare.
Mike: Murakoze.
Odette : Murenzi, Uyu mushyitsi yitwa Mike, ni Umunyamerika, ni umukozi wa One Acre Fund.
Murenzi: Ni byiza. Mike, ababyeyi bawe batuye muri Amarika?
Mike: Ababyeyi banjye batuye muri Chicago.
Murenzi: Eeeh! Abavandimwe bawe bose nabo batuye muri Amerika?
Mike: Yego. Papa, mama, mukuru wanjye na mushiki wanjye bose baba muri Amerika.
Murenzi: Ni byiza. Murisanga iwacu.
Mike: Murakoze cyane

II.2. VOCABULARY
Relationships / Amasano
Kalisa and Mugeni’s family tree
karisa + Mugeni
Hirwa Teta
1) Mugeni ni umugore wa Kalisa
2) Kalisa ni umugabo wa Mugeni
3) Teta ni mushiki wa Hirwa
4) Hirwa ni musaza wa Teta
5) Kalisa ni papa wa Teta na Hirwa
6) Mugeni ni mama wa Teta na Hirwa
7) Teta na Hirwa ni abavandimwe
8) Kalisa na Mugeni ni ababyeyi ba Hirwa na Teta
9) Teta ni umukobwa wa Kalisa na Mugeni
10)Hirwa ni umuhungu wa kalisa na Mugeni
Kinyarwanda English
• Umugore ________________________
• Umugabo ________________________
• Mushiki ________________________
• Musaza ________________________
• Papa ________________________
• Mama ________________________
• Abavandimwe ________________________

III.3. GRAMMAR
III.3.1. Possessive adjectives / Ikinyazina ngenera
Umwana wanjye umwe yitwa Dodo. Umuyobozi wacu yitwa Eric.
aba i Kigali.
The underlined words are possessive adjectives.
Wa + njye ! Wanjye Umuyobozi wanjye yitwa Eric
Wa + wowe ! Wawe Umugore wawe yitwa nde?
Wa + we ! Wê Umwana we arakubagana cyane
Wa + twe ! Wacu Umwarimu wacu avuga ikinyarwanda
Wa + mwe ! Wanyu Umuyobozi wanyu atuye he?
Wa + bo ! Wabo Perezida wabo yitwa Paul kagame
III.3.2. Words which are used to show a person to someone
Dore abana babo
Aba ni abana babo
Uyu mugabo yitwa Steven
Reba umuhungu wa Christine

III.4. PRACTICE
Excercise 1
Fill in the blanks: From this family tree, describe different community relationships
and ﬁll in the sentences below appropriately.
Kalisa + Mugeni
Hirwa Teta
1. Mugeni ni ____________ Kalisa.
2. Kalisa ni _______________wa Mugeni.
3. Teta ni _________________wa Hirwa.
4. Hirwa ni _______________ wa Teta.
5. Kalisa ni ________________wa Teta na Hirwa.
6. Mugeni ni ____________ wa Teta na Hirwa.
Exercise 2
Q & A
1. Ninde perezida wawe?
___________________________________________
2. Ninde perezida wanjye ?
____________________________________________
3. Perezida wacu ni Barack Obama?
_____________________________________________

4. Ninde perezida wacu?
_____________________________________________
5. Kalisa ni papa wawe?
_________________________________________
6. Ninde papa wawe ?
_____________________________________________
7. Ninde mama wawe ?
_____________________________________________
Exercise 3
Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda and share your answers with your classmates.
1. Where is your family?
________________________________
2. Your siblings are in England.
_______________________________
3. Where are the books?
____________________________
4. Who is One Acre Fund’s Country Director?
____________________________________
5. His son is going home.
_____________________________________
6. My children are in town.
_____________________________________

III. 5. Home work / umukoro
Visit your Community with the photos of your family. Ask t the questions below and then explain relationships between you and
people on the photos. Make sure you are able to present your family in Kinyarwanda the next language class without using your
notes.
Questions:
1. Umuryango wawe utuye he?
_____________________________________
2. Ababyeyi bawe bakora iki?
_____________________________________
3. Abavandimwe bawe bariga bose?
_______________________________________
4. Abaturanyi banyu baﬁte abana benshi?
______________________________________
5. Uvukana n’abakobwa bangahe n’abahungu bangahe?
_______________________________________

TOPIC 4: Asking And Giving Directions
Kuyobora No Kuyoboza & Gutwara Abantu Nʼibintu
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Describe different Public places.
• Ask for direction to someone using Kinyarwanda.
• Give direction to someone using Kinyarwanda.
• Refuse politely to give direction to someone else in Kinyarwanda.
IV.1. Dialog
Mac: Mwiriwe?
Josine: Mwiriwe.
Mac: Mushobora kundangira ku ibiro bya One Acre Fund
Josine: Komeza uzamuke hariya haruguru urabona inzu nini iri ibumose bwawe
ni aho.
Mac: Ni umwanya ungana gute n’amaguru?
Josine: Ni nk’iminota icumi
Mac: Murakoze cyane
Josine: Namwe mirakoze
IV. 2. Vocabulary
Words referring to directions / Amagambo ajyanye n‘ibyerekezo
Kinyarwanda English
Kuzamuka _______________________________
Kumanuka
Gukata _______________________________

Gutambika _______________________________
Amajyaruguru ___________________________
Amajyepfo _______________________________
Iburasirazuba _______________________________
Iburengerazuba _______________________________
Prepositions
- Hagati ya
- Hejuru ya
- Munsi ya
- Hepfo ya
- Haruguru ya
- Imbere ya
- Inyuma ya
- Ibumoso bwa
- Iburyo bwa
- Haﬁ ya
- Kure ya
Examples / Ingero
- Gahima atuye haﬁ ya Chez Lando.
- Christina yicaye ibumoso bwa Edson.
- Ikaramu ya Tom yaguye munsi y‘ameza.
Different expressions used to ask directions :
• Mushobora kunyereka inzira ijya .........
• Mushobora kunyobora..........
• Ni gute umuntu yagera .............
• Mwanyeretse inzira ijya ...............
• Mushobora kundangira...........

Example
A: Mwanyeretse inzira ijya kuri BAOBA?
B: Zamuka, nugera mu muhanda wa kaburimbo uhite ukata iburyo, ukomeze inzira
imwe nugera ku mashuri ukate iburyo bwawe. Noneho wambuke umuhanda urayibona imbere yawe.
IV. 3. GRAMMAR
Future Tense / Inzagihe
To conjugate verbs in the future tense, use the following rule: Verb marker + tense marker “ za” + root
Example
! Nzajya ku isoko (Kujya)
! Uzagura imodoka (kugura)
! Azarya ibirayi (kurya)
! Tuzakina umupira ( gukina)
! Muzatembera ejo ( gutembera)
! Bazasura inshuti zabo ( gusura)
A: Uzajya i kigali ryari?
B: Nzajya i kigali icyumweru gitaha.
A: Ese uzajya ku isoko ejo?
B: Oya sinzajya ku isoko ejo.
Negative form
Sinzajya i kigali
Ntuzagura ibirayi
Ntazakina icyumweru gitaha
Ntituziga ikinyarwanda
Ntimuzavuga icyongereza
Ntibazakora umukoro

You can also use NTABWO : Ntabwo nzajya muri amerika vuba
IV. 4. Practice
Exercise 1
Translate the following dialogue into Kinyarwanda.
A: Can you show me the way to Amahoro stadium please?
B: From Chez Lando, go straight like ﬁve and turn left, you will see a house on your right which says ―Airtel. keep going like ﬁve minutes the stadium is there in your right.
A: Is the Amahoro stadium located just opposite Sport view hotel?
B: Yes, sport view is on the left side.
A: __________________________________________________________________
B: __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
A: __________________________________________________________________
B: __________________________________________________________________
IV.5. Home work / umukoro
Greet various people in the community and ask them how to reach the suggested places in Kigali:
! Kigali airport
! Nyabugogo park
! Kimironko market
! Remera bus station
! Nakumatt super market

TOPIC 5: Ask Prices And Bargain In The Market
Kubaza ibiciro no Guciririkanya mu isoko
Learning Objectives
• Name at least 10 items at the market in Kinyarwanda.
• Ask for price of the items needed at the market in Kinyarwanda.
• Bargain down prices with appropriate sentences in Kinyarwanda.
V.1. Dialog
Cathy: Mwiriwe?
Umucuruzi: Mwiriwe! Murifuza iki kiliya
Cathy: Ndashaka imbuto, iyi mineke ni angahe?
Umucuruzi: Ni amafaranga magana atanu gusa.
Cathy: Ni menshi gabanya ! Urafata magana atatu?
Umucuruzi: Oya iyi mineke ni myiza cyane. Zana magana ane
Cathy: Sawa. Ni mwwakire.
V. 2 . VOCABULARY
Different items in the market /Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu isoko
Kinyarwanda English
Isabune yo kumesa/gukaraba ____________________________
Uburoso bw‘amenyo/bw‘inkweto ____________________________
Korogate ____________________________

Amavuta yo kwisiga ____________________________
Ikibiriti ____________________________
itabi ____________________________
Umutaka ____________________________
Urwembe ____________________________
Imakasi ____________________________
Agaseke ____________________________
Igikapu cy'ibirere ____________________________
imbuto ____________________________
imboga ____________________________
Amakara ____________________________
Isahane ____________________________
Isafuriya ____________________________
Ingufuri ____________________________
Amasogisi ____________________________
Other ways for asking prices and quality of items:
• Imineke ni angahe?
• Isabune igura gute?
• Mugurisha gute amavuta?
• Igiciro cy‘isaha ni angahe?
• Iki gikombe muca angahe?

V. 3. GRAMMAR
Numbers and counting in Kinyarwanda / Imibare no kubara mu Kinyarwanda.
V. 3. 1. Formation of cardinal numbers
Tens: Mirongo + number (except 10 & 20)
Hundreds: Magana + number(except 100)
Thousands: Ibihumbi+hundreds+number(except 1000)
1. rimwe 11 icumi na rimwe. 12 icumi na kabiri
3.gatatu
4.kane
5.gatanu
6.gatandatu
7.karindwi
8.umunani
9.icyenda
10.icumi 20 makumyabiri
30. mirongo itatu
40. mirongo ine
50. mirongo itanu
60. mirongo itandatu
70. mirongo irindwi
80. mirongo inani
90. mirongo icyenda
100. ijana
200. magana abiri
300. magana atatu
400. magana ane
500. magana atanu
600. magana atandatu

700. magana arindwi
800. magana inani
900. magana icyenda
1000. igihumbi
2000. ibihumbi bibiri
3000. ibihumbi bitatu
V. 4. PRACTICE
Exwerise 1
Working in pairs, refer to the previous dialog and make up your own dialog and then present it in front of your classmates.
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences using one of the following words:
Ibicuruzwa, 200, Nta mafaranga, kugura, Angahe?, Igiciro, Nzagura, 100,Isoko, Ubwiza, Ni amafaranga, Mugurisha
1. Mu Rwanda ______________byinshi ubisanga mu _________. Mbere yo ______________ubaza ___________hanyuma ukabaza _______________bwabyo
2. Isabune igura ________________?
3. Igura amafaranga _________________, hari n‘igura ______________
4. Yihorere _______________ubutaha _________________ mfite
5. ___________________________gute agaseke?
6. ____________________________igihumbi.

Exercise 3
Translate these sentences into Kinyarwanda. / Hindura izi nteruro mu Kinyarwanda
How much do scissors cost? _________________________
How much do cigarettes cost? _________________________
I need an umbrella. How much does it cost? _________________________
Do you have matches? How much are they? :B _________________________
Give me a tooth brush. How much is it? _________________________
How much does a basket cost? ________________________
V. 5. Home work / Umukoro
Go in a shop and buy staffs that you need to use. Bargain and buy at a good price. Avoid using gestures but rather use kinyarwanda phrases and numbers.

TOPIC 6 : Describe Your Feelings
Gusobanura uko umerewe
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Describe your physical well being in Kinyarwanda to somebody else or to a doctor or nurse.
• Name different parts of the body and say where you are hurting.
• Get information about one‟s health.
VI.1. Dialog
Don: Mwaramutse?
Jimmy: Mwaramutse!
Don: Amakuru yawe?
Jimmy: Ni meza ariko ndarwaye.
Don: Urwaye iki?
Jimmy: Ndababara umutwe kandi ndakorora cyane.
Don: Yooo! ihangane ujye kwivuza.
Jimmy: Yego urakoze.
Don: Ngaho mwirirwe!
Jimmy: Mwirirwe namwe!
Comprehension check
1. Ni nde urwaye?
2. Arababara he?
3. Ese arajya kwivuza?

VI. 2. VOCABULARY
VI. 2. 1. Expressions relating to feeling and health / Imvugo zijyanye n‘uko ubuzima bumeze
Kinyarwanda English
Kubabara ________________________
Kwishima________________________
kuvunika ________________________
kuremba ________________________
Kwivuza ________________________
Gusonza ________________________
Guhaga ________________________
Gukonja ________________________
Kugira isereri ________________________
Kugira umuriro ________________________
Gushyuha ________________________
Gutinya ________________________
Kuruka _________________________
Kunanirwa _________________________
Kuruhuka _________________________
Kugira inyota _______________________
Kuruhuka __________________________
VI. 2. 2. Parts of human body / Ibice bigize umubiri w‟umuntu
Umutwe ________________________
Ukuboko ________________________
Ukuguru ________________________
Ijisho ________________________
Izuru ________________________
Umunwa ________________________
Ikirenge ________________________
Inda ________________________
Umugongo ________________________
Agatuza ________________________

VI .3. GRAMMAR
Verb to be sick in present tense / Inshinga ―Kurwara mu ndagihe
Jimmy yabwiye Placide ati: ―ndwaye umutwe kandi ndwaye n‘inkorora, Kennedy nawe ati
―nanjye ndwaye mu nda n‘abana banjye barwaye malaria.
Other phrases
1 Ndi koroherwa/ I am getting better
2 Nakomeretse I am injured
3 Ndababara / I feel pain
4 Ndacumbagira / I am limping
VI.4. PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Fill the following words in the sentences below/ Uzuza aya magambo mu nteruro zikurikira
ukuboko, arababara, yavunitse, arwaye, yagize umuriro, kwivuza, aﬁte, cyane, amaboko, amaguru, arakonje, umutwe.
DAVID yabyimbye_______________, none ________________
DAVID ____________ukuguru kandi ______________amaso _________________cyane
Yarembye_______________kandi________________umuriro
DAVID arwaye, ________________cyane

Umuntu afite______________abiri, ___________abiri, ariko___________________ni umwe.
Exercise 2
Rewrite the sentences in affirmative form if they are in negative and vice versa
! Ndwaye umugongo. ____________________________
! Sity ntiyavunitse ukuboko. _______________________
! John yarembye cyane. __________________________
! David Ntabwo yishimye. _________________________
! Anne amerewe neza. ______________________
! Sony ari guseka kuko yishimiye inshuti ye. _______________________
! Abuba afite isereri. ___________________________
! Taty arashyushe. __________________________
! Freddy arakonje. _____________________________
Exercise 3
Put the text in order to form an appropriate dialog
______ Ndajyayo uyu munsi
______ Murakoze mwirirwe!
______ Ni meza, ariko.
______ Umerewe ute?
______ Ntawbo meze nezai!
______ Kandi ndakorora cyane
______ Mwirirwe!
______ Mfite umuriro mwinshi

______ Ihangane ujye kwa muganga
______ Amakuru yawe?
VI. 5. Home work / umukoro
Go to the ask people about their health using the following questions:
1. Umeze ute? / How do you feel?
2. Urarwaye? / Are you sick?
3. Urwaye iki? /What are you suffering from?
4. Urababara he? /Where do you feel pain?
5. Wavunitse? /Are you broken?
6. Urwaye umutwe? /Are you sick with headache?
7. Urwara igifu? /Do you have stomachache

TOPIC 7: Gather Information About Big Days
Kubaza amakuru yʼiminsi mikuru
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Tell someone else at least three correct names of big days
• Get information in Kinyarwanda about various events.
• Give information about different ceremonies.
VII. 1. DIALOG:
Jane: Waramutse Alex?
Alex: Waramutse Jane.
Jane: Uwera ari hehe?
Alex: Yoo! ntubizi?
Jane: Byagenze bite?
Alex: Uwera yarabyaye, ari mu kiruhuko.
Jane: Yoo! Ni byiza. Yabyaye iki?
Alex: Yabyaye umuhungu.
Jane: Ni uko, ni uko; niyonkwe. Nshobora kumuzanira ururabo?
Alex: Byaba byiza mumuzaniye amata.

VII. 2. VOCABULARY
Happy and unhappy events / Iminsi mikuru n‘ibyago
Kinyarwanda English
Umunsi mukuru _______________________
Ubukwe _______________________
Ubunani _______________________
Kwita izina _______________________
Noheli _______________________
Icyunamo _______________________
Ikiruhuko _______________________
Pasika _______________________
Umunsi w‘intwari _______________________
Expressions related to happy and unhappy events:
Yooo! _______________________
Ntubizi _______________________
Byagenze bite? _______________________
Habaye iki? _______________________
In Kinyarwanda to inquire about happy and unhappy events, we use questions like “Habaye iki? or “Byagenze bite?”, the
answer may be ―Habaye______” which means ―there is or―there are

Example:
Habaye ubukwe. Habaye icyunamo. / There is a wedding. There is mourning.
VII.3. GRAMMAR
Simple past tense / Impitakera
Ejo Uwera yarabyaye
Ejo njye nararwaye
Ejo wowe warasetse
Ejo abantu barishimye
Rule
These underlined verbs are in simple past tense. In Kinyarwanda, to conjugate a verb in the simple past tense, we replace the “ku” or “gu” of the infinitive by the
verbal prefix plus the tense marker “a-ra” if the verb does not have an object, or “-a-“ if it does, plus root plus the end syllable “-ye”.
Example: Yarabyaye
Infinitive: Kubyara ku-byar-a
ku is the infinitive mark.
byar is the verbal root.
a is the infinitive final.
Simple past: Yarabyaye ! a-a-ra-byar-ye / Yarabyaye
Rules:
a+a ! ya
r+the final ye ! ye

More examples:
! Ejo Kalisa yararwaye.
! Umwaka ushize naratewe.
! Mugabo yarasaze.
a) Uwera yabyaye umuhungu
Rule: The ending –ye of the past makes the following changes:
K+ye=tse
S+ye=she
r+ye=ye
t+ye=se
r+ye=ze
g+ye=ze
Examples:
! Ejo navuze icyongereza.
! Umwaka ushize naguze imodoka.
! Mu cumweru gishize wariye igitoke mu kabari.
! Ejo John na Mary bakoze ubukwe

VII. 4. PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Sit in pairs & read the following sentences. Then underline the names of happy events and put in brackets the names of unhappy events.
Ubukwe bwa Mugeni ni ku bunani
Kuri Noheri, Gasana yise umwana izina. Rachael yagiye i Kigali kuri Pasika ishize.
Ku munsi w‘intwari, twanyoye inzoga nyinshi.
Exercise 2
Discuss how the following days are celebrated in the Britain.
! Noheri
! Ubunani
! Umunsi w‘ubukwe
! Umunsi w‘icyunamo
Exercise 3
Conjugate the verbs in brackets in the simple past tense.
1. Ejo hashize David (Guhobera) Mary.
______________________________________________________
2. Njyewe (Kubyara).
____________________________________________________
3. Mu cyumweru gishize, muganga (Kuvura) abarwayi?
____________________________________________________

4. Ejo hashize Peter (Kujya) muri Barthos Hotel.
____________________________________________________
5. 9/11/2001 Abanyamerika (Gutora).
____________________________________________________
6. Mu kwezi gushize, Kalisa (Kurwara) malariya.
____________________________________________________
VII. 5. Home work / umukoro
Go and ask your Rwandan Friends about the main events they celebrate and how they celebrate them. Use the following
questions and be prepared to report the information in your classroom.
Question / Ikibazo
Iminsi mikuru mukunda kugira ni iyihe?
Muyizihiza mute? (igenewe ba nde, haba hari iki?, Kangahe mu mwaka?,....)

TOPIC 8: Politely Accept Or Refuse An Invitation
Kwemera & guhakana ubutumire
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Describe in Kinyarwanda to somebody, cultural events and ceremonies.
• Politely invite friends, colleagues or neighbors to different events, ceremonies.
• Accept politely an invitation from somebody by using appropriate structures in Kinyarwanda.
• Decline politely an invitation from somebody by using appropriate structures in Kinyarwanda.
VIII.1. Dialog
Anne: Amakuru Marc?
Marc : Ni meza.
Anne : Naragushatse ngo ngutumire ndakubura. Mﬁte ubukwe kuwa gatandatu. Ndagutumiye.
Marc : Sinzaboneka. Nzaba ndi mu mahugurwa..
Anne: Eh!! Ntakibazo. Urabeho.
Marc: Urabeho.
Comprehension check
- Ni bande bavuga mu kiganiro? / Who is talking in the dialog?
- Anne aﬁte iki kuwa gatandatu? / What does Anne have on Saturday?
- Marc azajyayo? / Will Marc go there?
- Yavuze iki? / What did he say?

VIII. 2. VOCABULARY
Kinyarwanda English
-Kubyina _______________________________
-Gusangira _______________________________
-Gutembera _______________________________
-Koga / Kwoga _______________________________
-Kwiruka _______________________________
-Ubukwe _______________________________
Other words and expressions:
- Amahugurwa _______________________________
- Gutumira _______________________________
- Kuboneka _______________________________
- Gushaka _______________________________
- Kubura _______________________________
- Ntakibazo ______________________________
Other ways of inviting people
- Ndagutumiye nimugoroba
I invite you this evening.
- Tujyane kubyina
Let‘s go dancing.
- Uze kureba umukino wacu
Come and see our match.
- Muzaze mu bukwe

Please come to our wedding.
- Uzifatanye natwe
Please be together with us.
- Uzaboneka ejo?
Will you be available tomorrow?
- Uﬁte akanya tuge gutembera?
Do you have a time to walk with me?
- Ushobora kuza kureba ﬁlime?
Can you come and watch a movie?
Different ways of refusing and accepting an invitation
Refusing an invitation Accepting an invitation
- Oya / No - Yego / Yes
- Ntamwanya / No time. - Ndaza / I‘ll come
- Sinzaba mpari / I‘ll not be there - Nzaboneka / I‘ll be available
- Sinzaboneka / I‘ll not be available - Ntakibazo / No problem
VIII. 3. GRAMMAR
VIII. 3. 1. Using the auxiliary verb ―gushobora / be able
Examples:
Nshobora kuza kubyina.
Ushobora kuza kubyina.
Ashobora kuza kubyina.
Dushobora kuza kubyina.

Mushobora kuza kubyina.
Bashobora kuza kubyina.
VIII.3. 2. Connecting Words
Ariko ( but) : Nkunda gutembera i kigali ariko sinkunda kuhatura
Kandi ( and) : Ndi umukozi wa One Acre Fund kandi shinzwe abakozi
Na ( and) : James na Jack ni abanyamerika kandi bombi ni abakozi ba OAF
Hanyuma (afterward): Uyu minsi ndajya guhaha hanyuma ndiga ikinyarwanda
Naho ( whereas) : Justin ni umunyarwanda naho Rachel ni umunyamerika
Mbere yo ( before + verb): Mbere yo kurya ugomba gukaraba intoki
Nyuma yo ( after + verb): Nyuma yo kurya ugomba gufata iminota mike yo kuruhuka
VIII. 4. PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences using one of the following words from dialog: bazamukwa, ngutumire, sinzaboneka, mahugurwa, yantumiye
1. John yantumiye, kuko umukobwa we _________________
2. Ariko _________________
3. John __________________ kuko umukobwa we bazamukwa.
4. Marc naragushatse ngo________________ ndakubura.
5. Nzaba ndi mu _____________________

Exercise 2
Work in pairs to analyze this invitation in Kinyarwanda and write another one using your own words.
Umuryango wa Gervais na Seromba wishimiye kubatumira mu bukwe bw‘ abana babo, Anitha na Eric buzabera
muri Hotel Serena, i Kigali kuwa gatandatu tariki 30-3-2014 saa munani. Kuza kwanyu bizadushimisha.
VIII. 5. Home work / umukoro
Go and ask the following questions in Kinyarwanda to the people and be prepared to report on your interview during
the next class.
• Ni iyihe minsi mikuru mukunda gutumirwamo? / In which ceremonies / party are you invited to more often?
• Guhakana ubutumire biroroshye ?/ Is it easy to refuse an invitation?
• Kuki ?/ Why ?

TOPIC 9: Safety Issues
Ibibazo byʼumutekano
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify situations where one needs to seek help.
• Explain in Kinyarwanda emergency situation to a local authority or to a neighbor.
• Answer to speciﬁc questions related to the emergency situation.
IX. 1. Dialog
Thomas: Mwaramutse muyobozi!
Philip: Mwaramutse! Nimwicare.
Thomas: Murakoze.
Philip: Ko mwazindutse ni amahoro?
Thomas: Mﬁte ikibazo muyobozi.
Philip: Habaye iki ?
Thomas: Abasinzi bahora bansakuriza igihe cyose guhera mu gitondo. Yewe, nijoro ntibatuma nsinzira, barara batera
amabuye ku nzu. Uzi ko bavuze ko nimbibwira abayobozi bazankubita!
Philip : Ooh, ni ikibazo koko. Ihangane ejo tuzakora inama y‘akagari tuzareba uko tugikemura.
IX.2. VOCABULARY
Kinyarwanda English
• gutera (icyuma) ______________________

• Kurasa (imbunda) ______________________
• Gukubita ______________________
• Kwiba ______________________
• Kurwana ______________________
• Guhonda ______________________
• Kwica ______________________
• Umuntu mubi ______________________
• Urugi ______________________
• Humura ______________________
• Gushobora (sinshobora) ______________________
Some expressions that can be used in security issues
- Ihangane (used when the person has social problems)
- Humura (Used when someone is afraid)
- Komera (used when a person has a physical problem)
Ayi wee mana weee! / Eh God!
Ayi wee data weee! / Eh daddy!
Natewe nimuntabare! / I‘m attacked!
Ihangane turaje! / Be patient, we are coming!
Komera, komera!!! / Be strong, be strong!
Nta mutekano mﬁte. / I am not secure.
Amabandi arantera buri munsi. /Everyday I am attacked by the robbers.
Ndabona ntagishoboye kuba muri iyi nzu /I can‘t stand staying in this house.
IX. 3. GRAMMAR
IX. 3. 1. Present perfect / Impitakare
This verbal form is in the present perfect. Rule: Present Perfect in Kinyarwanda is formed by: “Verbal preﬁx‟ + Radical of the verb + ‗ye‘
Examples
Gusoma: a – a + som-ye yasomye
Kuryama: a – a + ryam – ye yaryamye
Kujya: a – a + gi – ye yagiye
Gukubita: n-a + kubit – ye nakubise
Kurwana: n - a + rwan -ye narwanye

Guhonda: a – a + hond – ye yahonze
Guhinga: u – a + hing – ye wahinze
Guteka: u – a + tek – ye watetse
Gutegeka: n – a + tegek –ye nategetse.
IX. 3. 2. Hours in Kinyarwanda / Amasaha
Ni saa moya 7:00 / 19:00 It‘s 7:00 / 19:00
Ni saa mbiri 8:00 / 20:00 It‘s 8:00 / 20:00
Ni saa tatu 9:00 / 21:00 It‘s 9:00 / 21:00
Ni saa yine 10:00 / 22:00 It‘s 10:00 / 22:00
Ni saa tanu 11:00 / 23:00 It‘s 11:00 / 23:00
Ni saa sita 12:00 / 00:00 It‘s 12:00 / 00:00
Ni saa saba 13:00 / 01:00 It‘s 13:00 / 01:00
Ni saa munani 14:00 / 02:00 It‘s 14:00 / 02:00
Ni saa cyenda 15:00 / 03:00 It‘s 15:00 / 03:00
Ni saa kumi 16:00 / 04:00 It‘s 16:00 / 04:00
Ni saa kumi n‘imwe 17:00 / 05:00 It‘s 17:00 / 05:00
Ni saa kumi n‘ebyiri 18:00 / 06:00 It‘s 18:00 / 06:00
IX. 4. PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct words learned in this topic
a) ___________na ni bibi.
b) Umupolisi agiye _________umujura.
c) Ntambara amaze ________ku rugi.
d) ________abana ni bibi.
e) Abajura bakunda __________.
f) Ibyihebe bikunda ____________abantu.
g) Iyo ________ icyuma umuntu ava amaraso.

Exercise 2
Conjugate the verbs in brackets in the present perfect tense.
a) Umupolisi _______________ (gukubita) umujura.
b) Umujura_____________ (guhonda) ku rugi.
c) Karekezi_____________ (kurwana) na Tadeyo.
d) Umujura _______________ (gusenya) inzu.
e) Umutoni _________________ (guhinga) hanini.
f) Mama wawe ______________ (guteka) ibirayi.
g) Félicien_________________ (kwigisha) ikinyarwanda.
IV. Home work / umukoro
Go in the neighboring community and talk to people and ask them how someone would call for rescue in Kinyarwanda.

TOPIC 10: Explain Daily Activities
Gusobanura ibikorwa bya buri munsi
Learning objectives
• Explain in Kinyarwanda your job responsibilities in Kinyarwanda.
• Describe in Kinyarwanda at least four activities of at your job
• Tell someone your schedule
X.1. DIALOG
Janet: Muraho?
Karake: Muraho, muraho!
Janet: Nitwa Janet, ndi umukozi wa OAF, nkorera i Rubengera.
karake: Ahh! ! Muﬁte gahunda imeze gute mu Rwanda?
Janet: OAF ni umuryango w’abanyamerika ufasha abantu mu buhinzi. Dufasha abahinzi kubona gutubura imbuto kugira ngo babone umusaruro mwiza.
Karake: Eeeh! Ni byiza rwose. Nanjye ndi umuyobozi w’akagari, nshinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byose by’akagari: umutekano, iterambere, ubuzima bwiza, uburezi n’ibindi.
Janet: Ni byiza ndizera ko tuakora neza
Karake: Yego , ariko muzanadushingire amaclubs yigisha icyongereza.
Janet: Tuzagerageza
Karake: Murakoze cyane. Rwose tubahaye ikaze.
Janet: Namwe
X. 1. VOCABULARY
Kinyarwanda English
Ubuhinzi ____________________________
Uburezi ____________________________
Gutubura ____________________________
Imbuto ____________________________

Iterambere ____________________________
Ifumbire ____________________________
Guhinga ____________________________
kuhira____________________________
Kubagara____________________________
Gutera ______________________________
Days of the week
Kuwa mbere _______________________________
Kuwa kabiri _______________________________
Kuwa gatatu _______________________________
Kuwa kane _______________________________
Kuwa gatanu _______________________________
Kuwa gatandatu (kuwa nyuma) _______________________________
Ku cyumweru _______________________________
Months of the year
1. Ukwezi kwa mbere______________________________________________
2. Ukwezi kwa kabiri ______________________________________________
3. Ukwezi kwa gatatu______________________________________________
4. Ukwezi kwa kane ______________________________________________
5. Ukwezi kwa gatanu______________________________________________
6. Ukwezi kwa gatandatu ______________________________________________
7. Ukwezi kwa karindwi______________________________________________
8. Ukwezi kwa munani______________________________________________
9. Ukwezi kwa cyenda______________________________________________
10.Ukwezi kwa cumi______________________________________________
11.Ukwezi kwa na rimwe______________________________________________
12.Ukwezi kwa cumi na kabiri______________________________________________
X. 2. GRAMMAR
Habitual past
Babyukaga mu gitondo / They used to wake up in the morning.
Baririmbaga mu rusengero / They used to sing in church.
Baryaga saa sita / They used to eat at midday.
Nandikaga mu ikaye / I used to write in a notebook.
Yarasomaga / He/she used to read

Naravugaga / I used to speak
Note that the word NKIRI ( When I was still...) is very used with this tense.
example: Nkiri umwana nakundaga gukina cyane ariko ubu ntwabo ngikunda gukina
Rules: Verbs in habitual past are conjugated like this: Verb marker + tense marker (a) + root + termination (aga). When
the verb doesn‘t have an object, the tense marker becomes (ara)
Examples:
Kurya / verb to eat with an object
Naryaga n – a- ri – aga Naryaga umuceri / I used to eat rice.
Waryaga u – a – ri – aga Waryaga ibishyimbo / You used to eat beans.
Yaryaga a – a – ri – aga Yaryaga imyumbati / He/She used to eat cassava
Twaryaga tu – a – ri – aga Twaryaga igitoki / We used to eat banana.
Mwaryaga mu – a – ri – aga Mwaryaga humburger / You used to eat hamburger.
Baryaga ba – a – ri – aga Baryaga chocolat / They used to eat chocolate.
Kurya / verb to eat without an object
Nararyaga n – a – ra - ri – aga I was eating.
Wararyaga u – a – ra - ri – aga You were eating.
Yararyaga a – a – ra - ri – aga He/She was eating.
Twararyaga tu – a – ra - ri – aga we wre eating.
Mwararyaga mu – a – ra - ri – aga You were eating.
Bararyaga ba – a – ra - ri – aga They were eating.
Present continuous tense is formed with help of the past of Kuba / to be + the present of kuba / to be + inﬁnitive
examples
Nari ndi kurya igihe mugenzi wanjye yaje
Yari ari guteka ibiryo bya nijoro naho njye nari ndi gutegura raporo
Twari turi guhinga igihe we yari muri biro

X. 3. PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Write a text using past, present and future tenses.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Write about your work responsibilities in OAF.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
IV. Home work / umukoro
Go to your in your Community and ask a mother a father and a child to describe his/ her daily activities. Present
what you learn to your class.

TOPIC 11: Ordering A Meal In A Restaurant
Gutumiza Ibiryo Muri Resitora
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Be able to ask a meal you want in a restaurant
• Know some rwandan dishes
• Say how the food tastes
XI. 1. DIALOG
Kabera: Tubazanire iki?
John : Hari ubuhe bwoko bw‘ibiryo?
Kabera: Hari umuceri, iﬁriti, igitoki, lenga lenga n‘ubugali.
John : Ipula y‘ibiryo ni angahe?
Kabera : Ni amafaranga 1000 gusa.
John : Nzanira igitoki, ibishyimbo, umuceri,na lenga lenga. Hari n‘icyo kunywa?
Kabera : Yego, hari fanta amazi, primus, miitzig na Amstel
John : Zana fanta coca ikonje.
Kabera : Muryoherwe.
John : Murakoze.
XI. 2. VOCABULARY
Kinyarwanda English
Ibijumba ____________________________
Ibishyimbo ____________________________
Ibirayi ____________________________
Amashaza ____________________________
Imyumbati ____________________________
Igitoki ____________________________
Amateke ____________________________
Byamumereye nabi ____________________________
Bikomeye ____________________________
Kumira ____________________________
Ibiryo ______________

Kuzana/ kuzanira _________________________
Kurya _________________________
Kunywa _________________________
Gutumiza _________________________
Gufata _________________________
Guha _________________________
Ipula _________________________
Kuryoherwa _________________________
Kwishyura _________________________
Kugaruza _________________________
XI. 3. GRAMMAR
Adverbs of manner / Imigereka y‘uburyo
Cyane /very or very much
buhoro /slowly
Vuba, vuba vuba / quickly
Neza / well
Nabi /badly
Bwangu /quickly
Rwose /truly
XI. 4. PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences
1) Yaryaga – resitora – amashaza – Justin – muri – n‘igitoki
__________________________________________________
2) Kurya – Rwanda – ibishyimbo – bakunda – mu – ibijumba – n‘
__________________________________________________

3) Gitondo – umugati – twebwe – mu – tuzarya – ejo
__________________________________________________
4) Chocolate – bakunda – muri kurya – na – Amerika – Pizza
_________________________________________________
5) Bivanze – kurya – wowe – ibishyimbo – ukunda – ibirayi – n‘
__________________________________________________
6) Noheli – Chili – mwebwe – kuri – mwaryaga
__________________________________________________
Exericse 2
Conjugate the following verbs as indicated.
1) Ku cyumweru wowe (Kujya:future) mu isoko
___________________________________________________
1) Buri gitondo njyewe (Kurya:past, negative form) umugati
___________________________________________________
2) Mu mashuri abanza twewe (Gukina past) umuupira
___________________________________________________
3) Kuri Noheli we (Kuza: future) mu gitondo
___________________________________________________
4) Uyu munsi twebwe (Kuririmba: near future) neza
_______________________________________________
5) Iwanyu abana (Kuryama :past, negative form) saa sita
___________________________________________________

Exercise 3
Supply appropriate questions or answers in the blanks.
1) ___________________? Ubutaha tuzarya ibirayi n‘amashaza
2) Ku wa kane uzarya igitoki? Oya, ______________
3) ___________________? Yego, abana baryaga umugati
4) Uyu munsi urarya Chocolate? Yego, _____________
5) ___________________? Jyewe naryaga Chocolate
6) Buri munsi mwaryaga ibishyimbo? Oya, ______________
7) ___________________? Nijoro we ararya ibishyimbo n‘ibijumba

TOPIC 12: Describe Your Housing Problem
Gusobanura Ibibazo Byʼinzu
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• Identify in Kinyarwanda the house damage.
• Explain in Kinyarwanda the house damage to the landlord.
• Suggest in Kinyarwanda a solution to the damage.
XII. 1. Letter
Nyakubahwa,
Nejejwe no kubandikira ngirango mbamenyeshe ko inzu mbamo yangiritse ikaba itameze neza. Mu by’ukuri, idirishya ryayo
ryarangiritse kandi urugi ntirufungika neza. Nkaba nabasaga ko mwayisana.
Mbaye mbashimiye.
Mike
XII. 2. Vocabulary
Kinyarwanda English
Kwangirika __________________________
Kutamera neza __________________________
Kudafungika __________________________
Gusana __________________________
Gusaduka __________________________
Kumeneka __________________________
Icyumba __________________________
Idirishya __________________________
Urugi __________________________
Amategura __________________________
Amabati __________________________
Urukuta __________________________
Intebe __________________________
Ameza __________________________
Akabati __________________________

Imfunguzo __________________________
XII.2. Grammar
Qualifying adjectives
These are the roots of the qualifying adjectives I would note that they change and respect the noun classes of the qualified noun.
-IZA : good
_BI : bad
_RE-RE : tall/ long
_GUFI : short
_NINI : big
_TO : small / young
_shaje : old
_ shya : new
examples
Inka nziza : n /-iza
Intoki mbi : n/-bi
Inkoni ndende : n/-re-n/-re
Umugabo mugufi : mu/-gufi
Igiti gito : ki/-to
Umusore muremure : mu/-re-mu/-re
Inzu ni mbi.
Iyi ntebe ni nini kandi ni ndende.
Iki giti ni kigufi.
Irya nzu ifite idirishya rirerire.
Aya mazi ni meza.
Rubengera ni umujyi muto.

XII. 4. Practice
Exercise 1
Translate the following text in Kinyarwanda:
DAVID lives at Kanombe. He has two houses. The ﬁrst is wide and high. It has small windows and short doors. The second is
nice and big but it is old. He is very happy and he wants to buy another new house. This should be long, big, high and wide.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Rearrange these words to make meaningful sentences.
a. Ya, inzu, Yohani, irashaje, cyane
_______________________________________
b. Ntimeze, ya, cyane, Petero, neza, inka
_________________________________________
c. Ntebe, gusanwa, iyi, ikwiye
___________________________________________
d. Ya, inzu, Emmanuel, idirishya, yangiritse
__________________________________________
e. Rwa, John, urugi, rwasadutse
____________________________________________
f. Urugi, neza, ntirufungika uru
_____________________________________________

g. Ameza. Petero, neza, ntasize, irangi, ya, cyane
_____________________________________________
h. Inzu, Bosco, ya, ariko, nguﬁ, nziza, ni, kandi, ni
XII. 5. Home work / umukoro
Go in the community and look at the houses and shop and write a one page description of the houses.

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